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APPENDIX

ROM Monitor

This appendix describes the Cisco router ROM monitor (also called the bootstrap

program). The ROM monitor firmware runs when the router is powered up or

reset. The firmware helps to initialize the processor hardware and boot the

operating system software. You can perform certain configuration tasks, such as

recovering a lost password or downloading software over the console port, by

using the ROM monitor. If there is no Cisco IOS software image loaded on the

router, the ROM monitor runs the router.

This appendix contains the following sections:

•Entering the ROM Monitor

•ROM Monitor Commands

•Command Descriptions

•Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download

•Configuration Register

•Console Download

Entering the ROM Monitor

To use the ROM monitor, you must be using a terminal or PC that is connected to

the router by means of the console port. Refer to the installation chapter in the

Hardware Installation Guide for your router, for information about connecting the

router to a PC or terminal.

Appendix B ROM Monitor

Entering the ROM Monitor

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Follow these steps to configure the router to boot up in ROM monitor mode the

next time it is rebooted.

Timesaver A break (system interrupt) is always enabled for 60 seconds after the router

reboots, regardless of its setting (on or off) in the configuration register.

During this 60-second window, you can break to the ROM monitor prompt by

pressing the Break key.

Command Router Prompt Task

Step 1 enable Router> If there is an enable password configured, enter

the enable command and the enable password to

enter privileged EXEC mode.

Step 2 configure terminal Router# Enter global configuration mode.

Step 3 config-reg 0x0 Router(config)# Reset the configuration register.

Step 4 exit Router(config)# Exit global configuration mode.

Step 5 reload Router# Reboot the router with the new configuration

monitor and does not boot the Cisco IOS

software.

As long as the configuration value is 0x0, you

must manually boot the operating system from

the console. See the boot command in the

“Command Descriptions” section on page B-4.

Step 6 rommon 1> After the router reboots, it is in ROM monitor

mode. The number in the prompt increments

with each new line.

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Appendix B ROM Monitor ROM Monitor Commands

ROM Monitor Commands

Enter ?or help at the ROM monitor prompt to display a list of available

commands and options, as follows:

rommon 1 > ?

alias set and display aliases command

boot boot up an external process

break set/show/clear the breakpoint

confreg configuration register utility

cont continue executing a downloaded image

context display the context of a loaded image

cookie display contents of cookie PROM in hex

dev list the device table

dir list files in file system

dis display instruction stream

dnld serial download a program module

frame print out a selected stack frame

help monitor builtin command help

history monitor command history

meminfo main memory information

repeat repeat a monitor command

reset system reset

set display the monitor variables

stack produce a stack trace

sync write monitor environment to NVRAM

sysret print out info from last system return

tftpdnld tftp image download

unalias unset an alias

unset unset a monitor variable

xmodem x/ymodem image download

Commands are case sensitive. You can halt any command by pressing the Break

key on a terminal. If you are using a PC, most terminal emulation programs halt

a command when you press the Ctrl and the Break keys at the same time. If you

are using another type of terminal emulator or terminal emulation software, refer

to the documentation for that product for information on how to send a Break

command.

Appendix B ROM Monitor

Command Descriptions

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Command Descriptions

Table B-1 describes commonly used ROM monitor commands.

Table B-1 Common ROM Monitor Commands

Command Description

help or ?Displays a summary of all available ROM monitor commands.

-? Displays information about command syntax, for example:

rommon 16 > dis -?

usage : dis [addr] [length]

The output for this command is slightly different for the xmodem

download command:

rommon 11 > xmodem -?

xmodem: illegal option -- ?

usage: xmodem [-cyrx] destination filename

-c CRC-16

-y ymodem-batch protocol

-r copy image to dram for launch

-x do not launch on download completion

reset or i Resets and initializes the router, similar to a power-up.

dev Lists boot device identifications on the router. For example:

rommon 2> dev

Devices in device table:

id name

flash: flash

eprom: eprom

dir device:Lists the files on the named device (Flash, for example):

rommon 1> dir flash:

File size Checksum File name

7729736 bytes (0x75f248) 0xb86d

c1700-bk9no3r2sy7-mz.0412

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Appendix B ROM Monitor Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download

Table B-2 describes the ROM monitor boot commands. For more information

about the ROM monitor boot commands, refer to the Cisco IOS Configuration

Guide and Cisco IOS Command Reference publications.

Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download

The standard way to load new software on your router is using the copy tftp flash

privileged EXEC command from the Cisco IOS software command-line interface

(CLI). However, if the router is unable to boot the Cisco IOS software, you can

load new software while in ROM monitor mode.

This section tells how, in ROM monitor mode, to download a Cisco IOS software

image from a remote TFTP server to the router Flash memory. Use the tftpdnld

command only for disaster recovery because it erases all existing data in Flash

memory before downloading a new software image to the router.

Note A 10BASE-T Ethernet Port is not active in ROM monitor mode and, thus,

cannot be used for TFTP download.

TFTP Download Command Variables

This section describes the system variables that can be set in ROM monitor mode

and that are used during the TFTP download process. There are required and

optional variables.

Table B-2 Boot Commands

Command Description

bBoots the first image in Flash memory.

b flash: [filename] Attempts to boot the image directly from the first partition of Flash

memory. If you do not enter a filename, this command will boot the

first image in Flash.

b flash:2: [filename] Attempts to boot the image directly from the second partition of

Flash memory. If you do not enter a filename, this command will

boot the first image in the second partition of Flash memory.

Appendix B ROM Monitor

Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download

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Note The commands described in this section are case sensitive and must be entered

exactly as shown in the lists.

Required Variables

The following variables must be set with the commands shown before using the

tftpdnld command:

Optional Variables

The following variables can be set with the commands shown before using the

tftpdnld command:

Variable Command

IP address of the router. IP_ADDRESS= ip_address

Subnet mask of the router. IP_SUBNET_MASK= ip_address

IP address of the default gateway of the

router. DEFAULT_GATEWAY= ip_address

IP address of the TFTP server from

which the software will be

downloaded.

TFTP_SERVER= ip_address

The name of the file that will be

downloaded to the router. TFTP_FILE= filename

Variable Command

Whether or not the router performs a

checksum test on the downloaded

image:

1—Checksum test is performed.

0—No checksum test is performed.

TFTP_CHECKSUM=setting

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Appendix B ROM Monitor Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download

Using the TFTP Download Command

The steps described in this section should be performed while in ROM monitor

mode.

Step 1 Use the appropriate commands to enter all the required variables and any optional

variables.

Step 2 Enter the tftpdnld command as follows:

rommon 1 > tftpdnld [-r ]

Number of times the router attempts

ARP and TFTP download. The default

is 7.

TFTP_RETRY_COUNT=

retry_times

Amount of time, in seconds, before the

download process times out. The

default is 2400 seconds (40 minutes).

TFTP_TIMEOUT= time

Configures how the router displays file

download progress.

0—No progress is displayed.

1—Exclamation points (!!!) are

displayed to indicate file download

progress. This is the default setting.

2—Detailed progress is displayed

during the file download process. For

example:

Initializing interface.

Interface link state up.

ARPing for 1.4.0.1

ARP reply for 1.4.0.1 received.

MAC address 00:00:0c:07:ac:01

TFTP_VERBOSE= setting

Variable Command

Appendix B ROM Monitor

Configuration Register

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Note The -r variable is optional. Entering this variable downloads and boots

the new software but does not save the software to Flash. You can then

use the image that is in Flash the next time you enter the reload

command in the Cisco IOS software CLI.

You will see output similar to the following:

IP_ADDRESS: 10.0.0.1

IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.0.0

DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 1.3.0.1

TFTP_SERVER: 223.255.254.254

TFTP_FILE: c1700-bnr2sy-mz.070298

Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.

WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!

Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]:

Step 3 If you are sure that you want to continue, enter yin response to the question in the

output:

Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]:y

The router will begin to download the new file.

Pressing Ctrl-C or Break stops the transfer before the Flash memory is erased.

Configuration Register

The virtual configuration register is in NVRAM and has the same functionality as

other Cisco routers. You can view or modify the virtual configuration register

from either the ROM monitor or the operating system software.

To change the virtual configuration register from the ROM monitor, enter confreg

by itself for menu mode, or enter the new value of the register in hexadecimal. For

example:

confreg [

hexnum

]

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Appendix B ROM Monitor Configuration Register

This will change the virtual configuration register to the value specified. The

value is always interpreted as hexadecimal. Entering confreg without an

argument displays the contents of the virtual configuration register and a prompt

to alter the contents by describing the meaning of each bit.

Whether or not an argument is provided, the new virtual configuration register

value is written into NVRAM, but it does not take effect until you reset or

power-cycle the router.

The following display shows an example of menu mode:

rommon 7> confreg

Configuration Summary

enabled are:

console baud: 9600

boot: the ROM Monitor

do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y

enable “diagnostic mode”? y/n [n]: y

enable “use net in IP bcast address”? y/n [n]:

enable “load rom after netboot fails”? y/n [n]:

enable “use all zero broadcast”? y/n [n]:

enable “break/abort has effect”? y/n [n]:

enable “ignore system config info”? y/n [n]:

change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y

enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 0

change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: y

enter to boot:

0 = ROM Monitor

1 = the boot helper image

2-15 = boot system

[0]: 0

Configuration Summary

enabled are:

diagnostic mode

console baud: 9600

boot: the ROM Monitor

do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]:

You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

Appendix B ROM Monitor

Console Download

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Console Download

You can use console download, a ROM monitor function, to download over the

router console port either a software image or a configuration file. After

downloading, the file is saved either to Flash memory or to main memory for

execution (image files only).

Use console download when you do not have access to a TFTP server.

Note If you want to download a software image or a configuration file to the router

over the console port, you must use the ROM monitor command.

Note If you are using a PC to download a Cisco IOS image over the router console

port at 115,200 bps, ensure that the PC serial port is using a 16550 universal

asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). If the PC serial port is not using a

16550 UART, we recommend using a speed of 38,400 or lower when

downloading a Cisco IOS image over the console port.

Command Description

The following are the syntax and argument descriptions for the xmodem console

download command.

The syntax is as follows:

xmodem [-cyrx]

destination_file_name

The argument descriptions are as follows:

Argument Description

cOptional. Performs the download using 16-bit cyclic

redundancy check (CRC) error checking to validate

packets. Default is 8-bit CRC.

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