Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 10 SP2 Manual de usuario

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

www.novell.com10 SP3

October27,2009 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration

Legal Notice

This manual is protected under Novell intellectual property rights. By reproducing, duplicating or

distributing this manual you explicitly agree to conform to the terms and conditions of this license

agreement.

This manual may be freely reproduced, duplicated and distributed either as such or as part of a bundled

package in electronic and/or printed format, provided however that the following conditions are ful-

lled:

That this copyright notice and the names of authors and contributors appear clearly and distinctively

on all reproduced, duplicated and distributed copies. That this manual, specically for the printed

format, is reproduced and/or distributed for noncommercial use only. The express authorization of

Novell, Inc must be obtained prior to any other use of any manual or part thereof.

For Novell trademarks, see the Novell Trademark and Service Mark list http://www.novell

.com/company/legal/trademarks/tmlist.html. * Linux is a registered trademark of

Linus Torvalds. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. A trademark

symbol (®, ™ etc.) denotes a Novell trademark; an asterisk (*) denotes a third party trademark.

All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this

does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Novell, Inc., SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, the authors,

nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Contents

About This Guide xv

Part I Deployment 1

1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3

1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2Deployment Strategies 7

2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3Installation with YaST 17

3.1 IBM POWER: System Start-Up for Network Installation . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.3 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.4 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.5 TheBootScreen......................... 20

3.6 Language ............................ 24

3.7 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.8 MediaCheck........................... 27

3.9 LicenseAgreement........................ 27

3.10 InstallationMode......................... 28

3.11 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.12 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.13 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3.14 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.15 GraphicalLogin.......................... 45

4Remote Installation 47

4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 56

4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

5Automated Installation 85

5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 103

6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.2 Customizing the Firstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

7Advanced Disk Setup 115

7.1 LVMConguration........................ 115

7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

8System Conguration with YaST 129

8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 130

8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

8.3 Software............................ 132

8.4 Hardware............................ 146

8.5 System............................. 153

8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 164

8.7 NetworkServices........................ 165

8.8 AppArmor ........................... 172

8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

8.10 Virtualization.......................... 181

8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 182

8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 185

8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

8.14 SaX2.............................. 191

8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 197

8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

9Managing Software with ZENworks 199

9.1 Update from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 211

10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Part II Administration 239

11 OpenWBEM 241

11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 248

11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 271

12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

13 iSNS for Linux Overview 283

13.1 HowiSNSWorks......................... 283

13.2 iSNS for Linux Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

13.3 SettingUpiSNS......................... 285

13.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 289

14.1 O2CB Cluster Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

14.2 DiskHeartbeat ......................... 291

14.3 In-Memory File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

14.4 Management Utilities and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

14.5 OCFS2Packages......................... 295

14.6 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

14.7 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

14.8 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

15 Access Control Lists in Linux 303

15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

15.3 Denitions........................... 305

15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 306

15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

16 RPM—the Package Manager 315

16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 316

16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 317

16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 320

16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

17 System Monitoring Utilities 327

17.1 Debugging........................... 328

17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

17.4 Networking........................... 335

17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 336

17.6 Processes............................ 339

17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 347

18 Working with the Shell 349

18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 376

Part III System 381

19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 383

19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 384

19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 389

20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 393

20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

21 The Boot Loader 405

21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 422

21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

22 Special System Features 425

22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 432

22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

23 Printer Operation 439

23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 447

23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 455

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 463

24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 463

24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 467

24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

25 File Systems in Linux 471

25.1 Terminology........................... 471

25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

26 The X Window System 483

26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

27 Authentication with PAM 497

27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

28 Power Management 507

28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

28.2 APM.............................. 509

28.3 ACPI.............................. 511

28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

29 Wireless Communication 533

29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 533

Part IV Services 545

30 Basic Networking 547

30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

30.3 NameResolution ........................ 563

30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

30.5 Conguring VLAN Interfaces on SUSE Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

30.6 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 584

30.7 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

30.8 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

31 SLP Services in the Network 605

31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 605

31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

32 Time Synchronization with NTP 609

32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

33 The Domain Name System 615

33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 615

33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 633

33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 639

33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

34 DHCP 641

34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

35 Using NIS 659

35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

36 LDAP—A Directory Service 667

36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 668

36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

37 Samba 703

37.1 Terminology........................... 703

37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 713

37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 719

38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

39 File Synchronization 733

39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

Otros manuales para LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 10 SP2

Este manual sirve para los siguientes modelos

Tabla de contenidos

Otros manuales de Software de Novell

Novell

Novell ADMINSTUDIO 9.5 Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell SENTINEL 6.1.1.0 - README Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS LINUX MANAGEMENT 7.2 IR2 - ... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 - KDE Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 - OPENOFFICE Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION 8.0.2 - INTEGRATION AND STREAMING GUIDE... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS ENDPOINT SECURITY MANAGEMENT 3.5 Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell CLIENT FOR LINUX 2.0 SP1 - 08-2008 Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell IDENTITY MANAGER 3.6.1 - TASK SERVICE DRIVER Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell SUSE LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 STORAGE Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 7 - SECURITY POLICIES Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 8 - LINUX-MAC CLIENT Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell APPARMOR 2.0.1 Manual de instrucciones

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS 10 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT SP3 - COMMAND LINE UTILITIES REFERENCE 10.3... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell PLATESPIN ORCHESTRATE 2.0.2 - ADMINISTRATOR REFERENCE... Manual de servicio

Novell

Novell ADMINSTUDIO 9.5 Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell PRIVILEGED USER MANAGER 2.2.1 - ADMINISTRATION GUIDE... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 - ADMINISTRATION GUIDE... Guía del usuario

Novell

Novell OPEN ENTERPRISE SERVER 2 SP2 -... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell SP2 - S Manual de instrucciones

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - STORAGE ADMINISTRATION GUIDE FOR... Manual de instrucciones

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell IDENTITY MANAGER 3.6.1 Manual de usuario

Manuales populares de Software de otras marcas

COMPRO

COMPRO COMPROFM Manual de usuario

Muratec

Muratec OFFICEBRIDGE ONLINE Manual de usuario

Oracle

Oracle Contact Center Anywhere 8.1 Manual de usuario

Adobe

Adobe 65007312 - Photoshop Lightroom Manual

Avaya

Avaya NULL One-X for RIM Blackberry Manual de usuario

HP ProLiant BL420c Manual de usuario

PS Audio

PS Audio PowerPlay Manual del propietario

Brady

Brady LOCKOUT PRO 3.0 Manual de servicio

Avaya

Avaya Interaction Center Manual de usuario

Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments TI-83 Plus Silver Edition Manual

Oracle

Oracle Application 9i Manual de usuario

Acer

Acer RDM Manual de usuario

Canon

Canon Vixia HF21 Manual de usuario

Canon

Canon ZR950 Manual de usuario

Samsung

Samsung Auto Backup Manual de usuario

Polycom

Polycom Vortex EF2201 Instrucciones de instalación y funcionamiento

Brocade Communications Systems

Brocade Communications Systems Brocade 8/12c Manual de usuario

Lexmark

Lexmark Apps Manual de servicio