Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 10 SP2 - DEPLOYMENT GUIDE... Guía de referencia rápida

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Desktop

www.novell.com10 SP2

May08,2008 Deployment Guide

Deployment Guide

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Contents

About This Guide xiii

Part I Deployment 1

1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 3

1.1 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Reasons to Use SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2Deployment Strategies 7

2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3Installation with YaST 17

3.1 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.3 TheBootScreen......................... 20

3.4 Language ............................ 23

3.5 MediaCheck........................... 23

3.6 LicenseAgreement........................ 24

3.7 InstallationMode......................... 24

3.8 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.9 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.10 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.11 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.12 GraphicalLogin.......................... 38

4Remote Installation 39

4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 48

4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

5Automated Installation 77

5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 95

6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

6.2 Customizing the Firstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

7Advanced Disk Setup 107

7.1 LVMConguration........................ 107

7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

8System Conguration with YaST 119

8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 120

8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

8.3 Software............................ 122

8.4 Hardware............................ 136

8.5 System............................. 145

8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 155

8.7 NetworkServices........................ 156

8.8 AppArmor ........................... 160

8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

8.10 Virtualization.......................... 169

8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 170

8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 172

8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

8.14 Update from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

8.15 SaX2.............................. 182

8.16 Troubleshooting......................... 188

8.17 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

9Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 191

9.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

9.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

9.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Part II Administration 217

10 GNOME Conguration for Administrators 219

10.1 Using GConf for Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

10.2 Customizing Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

10.3 Installing Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

10.4 Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

10.5 MIMETypes........................... 264

10.6 Setting Screensavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

10.7 Session Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

10.8 Improving Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

10.9 Hidden Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

10.10 Security Note on Conguring SMB Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

10.11 Disabling GNOME Desktop Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

10.12 Starting Applications Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

10.13 Automounting and Managing Media Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

10.14 Changing Preferred Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

10.15 Managing Proles Using Sabayon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

10.16 Adding Document Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

11 KDE Conguration for Administrators 289

11.1 Managing Proles Using the KIOSK Admin Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

11.2 Managing Proles Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

12 Active Directory Support 303

12.1 Integrating Linux and AD Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

12.2 Background Information for Linux AD Support . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

12.3 Conguring a Linux Client for Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

12.4 Logging In to an AD Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

12.5 Changing Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

13 Access Control Lists in Linux 317

13.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

13.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

13.3 Denitions........................... 319

13.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 320

13.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

13.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

14 System Monitoring Utilities 329

14.1 Debugging........................... 330

14.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

14.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

14.4 Networking........................... 337

14.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 338

14.6 Processes............................ 341

14.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

14.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

14.9 TimeandDate.......................... 349

15 Working with the Shell 351

15.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

15.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

15.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

15.4 TheviEditor.......................... 377

Part III System 383

16 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 385

16.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 385

16.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

16.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

16.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

17 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 389

17.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

17.2 TheinitProcess......................... 393

17.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

18 The Boot Loader 405

18.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

18.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

18.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

18.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

18.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

18.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

18.7 Troubleshooting......................... 422

18.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

19 Special System Features 425

19.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

19.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 432

19.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

19.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

20 Printer Operation 439

20.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

20.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

20.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

20.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

20.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 447

20.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

20.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

20.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

20.9 Troubleshooting......................... 455

21 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 463

21.1 The /dev Directory....................... 463

21.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

21.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

21.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

21.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

21.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 466

21.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

21.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

21.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

22 File Systems in Linux 471

22.1 Terminology........................... 471

22.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

22.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

22.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

22.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

23 The X Window System 481

23.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

23.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

23.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

24 Authentication with PAM 495

24.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

24.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

24.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

24.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

25 Mobile Computing with Linux 503

25.1 Laptops ............................ 503

25.2 MobileHardware........................ 511

25.3 Cellular Phones and PDAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

25.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

26 PCMCIA 515

26.1 Controlling PCMCIA Cards Using pccardctl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

26.2 PCMCIAinDetail........................ 516

26.3 Troubleshooting......................... 519

27 System Conguration Prole Management 523

27.1 Terminology........................... 524

27.2 SettingUpSCPM......................... 525

27.3 Conguring SCPM Using a Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . 526

27.4 Conguring SCPM Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

27.5 Troubleshooting......................... 535

27.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

28 Power Management 537

28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

28.2 APM.............................. 539

28.3 ACPI.............................. 540

28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

29 Wireless Communication 563

29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 563

29.2 Bluetooth............................ 573

29.3 Infrared Data Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584

29.4 Managing UMTS/3G Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587

Part IV Services 593

30 Basic Networking 595

30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

30.3 NameResolution ........................ 610

30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

30.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 627

30.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

30.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

31 SLP Services in the Network 649

31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 649

31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

31.3 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

31.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

32 Time Synchronization with NTP 653

32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

33 Using NIS 659

33.1 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

34 Conguring eDirectory Authentication 661

34.1 Setting Up Workstations to Use eDirectory Authentication . . . . . . . 662

34.2 Using iManager to Enable Users for eDirectory Authentication . . . . . 666

34.3 Turning Off LUM and eDirectory Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . 669

35 LDAP—A Directory Service 671

35.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 672

35.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

35.3 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

35.4 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

35.5 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687

35.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

36 Samba 691

36.1 Terminology........................... 691

36.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

36.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

36.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

36.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

36.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

37 Sharing File Systems with NFS 703

37.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

37.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

37.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

37.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

37.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

37.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

37.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

38 File Synchronization 717

38.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

38.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

38.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

38.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

Part V Security 729

39 Masquerading and Firewalls 731

39.1 Packet Filtering with iptables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

39.2 Masquerading Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734

39.3 Firewalling Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736

39.4 SuSErewall2.......................... 736

39.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

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