Autodesk 495B1-05A111-1301 - 3ds Max Design 2010 Manual de usuario

Composite User Guide

Composite 2011

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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THESE MATERIALS.

Published by: Autodesk, Inc.

111 Mclnnis Parkway

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Autodesk Composite 2011User GuideTitle:

2Document Version:

March 11, 2010Date:

Contents

Chapter 1 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

About Composite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Part 1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Chapter 2 About Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

About The Chapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Chapter 3 Interface Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Basic Interface Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

The Gate UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

The Drop Gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

The Composite Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Tools, Views & Pick List tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

The Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Zooming and Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Navigating and Browsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Working with Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

iii

Chapter 4 Start Compositing Now! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Try First, Read Later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Start Composite, Create Composition, Import Media and Go . . . . . . 77

Add Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Add Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

To Render the Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Part 2 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Chapter 5 About Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

About the Chapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Chapter 6 Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

About Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Example Workflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Setting Project Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Archiving or Restoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Chapter 7 Wiretap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Accessing the IFFFS Libraries on the Network Using Wiretap . . . . . . 111

Accessing Media Via Wiretap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Accessing IFFFS Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Chapter 8 Importing Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

About Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Physical Location of Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Supported Media Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Importing Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Using the Image Import Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Log to Lin Workflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Moving Imported Compositions into Project Folders . . . . . . . . . . 126

Image and File I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Premultiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Chapter 9 Getting Familiar with Your Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Working with a Task-Based UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Pick List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Tool Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Animation Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Layer Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

View Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

iv | Contents

Color Picker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Calculators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Hotkey Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Setting User Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Previewing Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Creating User Defined Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Other Workspace Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Chapter 10 The Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

About the Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Player View Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Setting the Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Setting Context Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Playing Back in Multiple Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Playback Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Setting the Target for the Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Setting the Channels for the Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Setting the Mark In and Mark Out Points for Playback . . . . . . . . . 197

Setting the Repeat Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Setting the Frame Rate for Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Setting the Real-Time Playback Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Synchronizing or Separating Playback between Views . . . . . . . . . 199

Setting the Playback Point when the Player Updates . . . . . . . . . . 200

Setting the Resolution for a Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Setting the Grid in the Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Setting a Region of Interest (ROI) in the Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Displaying Masks and Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Showing or Hiding Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Turning Hardware Rendering On or Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Setting the Pixel Aspect Ratio of the Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Displaying Player Option Information in the Player view . . . . . . . 206

Displaying Manipulators in the Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

In-player Pixel Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Adjusting the Zoom or Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Applying a LUT or Color Conversion Tool to the Player . . . . . . . . 210

The Mini-Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

The Fullscreen Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Chapter 11 Working with Compositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Creating Compositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Rendering, Caching and Versioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Linking Compositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Closing a Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Contents | v

Chapter 12 Multilayer Compositing and 3D Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Reaction Compositing and Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Compositing Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Basic Compositing in Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Working with Maya Pre-Comps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Working with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Working with Geometric Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Using Parenting Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Working with Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Working with Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Working with Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Camera Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

3D Displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Transforming Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Reaction Rendering Effects and Output Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Setting up a Stereo Camera Rig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Chapter 13 Pre-Compositing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

About Pre-Compositing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

The Pre-Compositing Import Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

About Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Using Pre-Compositing Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Pre-Comp File Creation and Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Chapter 14 Importing FBX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Importing FBX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

FBX Import Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Chapter 15 Premultiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Premultiplied Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

When to Premultiply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Common Problems with Premultiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Premultiplication Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Chapter 16 2D Compositing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

About 2D Compositing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

2D Compositor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Alpha Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Channel Processing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Composition Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Multi-stream Compositing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Stereo Viewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

vi | Contents

Chapter 17 Image Processing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

About Image Processing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Filtering Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Formatting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Image Generation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Transform Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Chapter 18 Pixel Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

About Pixel Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

PXL Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

CTL Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Chapter 19 Warping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

About Warping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Warp 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

2D Transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

Cropping and Filtering the Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

Warping Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Chapter 20 Effects Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

About Effects Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Drop Shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Glow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

Chapter 21 Managing Film Grain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

About Managing Grain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Adding Grain to a Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Removing Grain from a Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

Fine-tuning the Grain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Saving and Loading Grain Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

Chapter 22 Pulling Keys and Creating Mattes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Keying Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Keying Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Extracting a Key Using the Diamond Keyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Creating a Difference Matte Using the Difference Tool . . . . . . . . . 517

Extracting a Key Using the Luma Keyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Removing Color Spill with Color Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Keyer Super Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Chapter 23 Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

About Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

Contents | vii

Masking Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

Garbage Mask Tool Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

Creating Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Editing Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Transforming Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Creating and Editing Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

User Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Output Tab Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Options Tab Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Pixel Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Masking Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Chapter 24 Raster Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567

About Raster Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567

Paint UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

Layer Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

Paint Brush Controls and Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

Paint Stroke Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

Working with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

Adding, Deleting, Clearing, and Wiping Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574

Layer Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

Stroke Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Chapter 25 Vector Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

About Vector Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

Vector Paint Image Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Shape Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Vector Paint UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

Chapter 26 Color Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

About Color Correcting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

Applying LUTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

Working with ASC CDLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

Broadcast Safe Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Transforming Color Space with the Log and Delog Tools . . . . . . . . 627

Color Correcting with CC Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

CC Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Clamp Color Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Color Space Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

Processing Images with Photo Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646

Inverting an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Remap Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Set Fill Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Solarizing an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

viii | Contents

Creating a Monochrome Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Modifying a Display With the Pass Through Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Setting the Amount of Gray in an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Converting an Image to sRGB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Chapter 27 Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Animation Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

The Animation Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Composition Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Animation Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

The Animation Property Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

Player Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Working with Cue Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668

Contextual Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Keyframing Workflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

Marking Attributes for Keyframing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

Setting Keys Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

Setting Keyframes Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680

Editing Keyframes in the Tool UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

Editing Keyframes in the Animation Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682

Adding and Deleting Keyframes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

Modifying Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687

Modifying Extrapolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

Temporarily Modifying Attribute Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

Customizing the Layout when Working with Animation Curves . . . 689

Global Time vs. Local Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690

Time Offsets, Keyframing, and Instancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690

Chapter 28 Time Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691

Retiming Footage with the Retimer Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691

About Timing Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692

Converting the Frame Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

Offsetting Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

Chapter 29 Customization Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

The Macro Super Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

Chapter 30 Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

About Motion Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

Importing Motion Vectors From Maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

Computing Motion Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714

Show Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

Contents | ix

Chapter 31 Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

About Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

Short Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

Expression Input Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Visual Linking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Visual Linking Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Navigating the Expression String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728

Validating and Applying the Expression String . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

Viewing the Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

Associating Comments with an Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

Editing an Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

Removing an Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

Setting Expressions Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

Expression Reference Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

Comparison Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

Operator Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

Math Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

Vector Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748

Random Number Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749

Rounding Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

Trigonometric Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

Time Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

Profile Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

Conditional Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752

Chapter 32 Tracking and Stabilizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753

About Tracking and Stabilizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754

Tracking Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754

Stabilizing Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755

Tracker UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755

Tracking Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757

Choosing a Reference Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762

Positioning the Reference Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763

Resizing the Reference and Tracker Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764

Resetting the Reference Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766

Resetting the Tracker Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767

Changing the Color of a Tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768

How the Tracker Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769

Tracking Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770

Tracking the Scale of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

Tracking the Rotation of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

4-Point Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777

Tracking Difficult Shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780

x| Contents

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