Texas Instruments Titanium TI-89 Manual

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page i of 16

TI-89

TI-92 Plus

Guidebook

for Advanced Mathematics

Software Version 2.0

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page ii of 16

Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either expressed or implied,

including but not limited to any implied warranties of

merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any

programs or book materials and makes such materials available

solely on an "as-is" basis.

In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special,

collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with

or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole

and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form

of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this calculator.

Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any

kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other

party.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits

for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.

These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against

harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment

generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not

installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause

harmful interference with radio communications. However, there is

no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular

installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or

television reception, which can be determined by turning the

equipment off and on, you can try to correct the interference by one

or more of the following measures:

¦ Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

¦ Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

¦ Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from

that to which the receiver is connected.

¦ Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician

for help.

Caution: Any changes or modifications to this equipment not

expressly approved by Texas Instruments may void your authority to

operate the equipment.

Important

US FCC Information

Concerning Radio

Frequency

Interference

00_89IFC.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Inside Front Cover (En

lish) Susan Gullord Revised: 02/23/01 9:44 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Pa

e 1 of 1

General

¥O List of Flash applications

2a Toggle between last two chosen

applications or split screens

¥|

, ¥« Lighten or darken contrast

¥¸ Calculate approximate answer

¥C

, ¥D Move cursor to top or bottom

(in editors)

¤C, ¤DScroll tall objects in history

¤A, ¤BHighlight left or right from cursor

, 2D Page up or page down

(in editors)

, 2B Move cursor far left or far right

On-screen Keyboard Map ( ¥^)

Press Nto exit the map.

The keyboard map displays shortcuts that are

not marked on the keyboard. As shown

below, press ¥and then the applicable key.

¥Á ƒ

¥c Access Greek letters

(see next column)

¥d ¦(comment)

¥b Copy graph coordinates to

sysdata

¥e !(factorial)

¥Í Display FORMATS dialog box

¥1 – ¥9Run programs kbdprgm1()

through kbdprgm9()

¥p&(append)

¥^ On-screen keyboard map

¥§@

¥´ Turn off unit so that it returns

to current application the

next time you turn it on

¥µ

(zero) 

¥¶ ‚

¥· Copy graph coordinates to

Home screen history

Alpha Rules

jType one lowercase letter

¤Type one uppercase letter

2™ Lowercase alpha lock

¤j Uppercase alpha lock

jExit alpha lock

3D Graphing

, D, A, BAnimate graph

«, |Change animation speed

X, Y, ZView along axis

µReturn to original view

ÍChange graph format style

pExpanded/normal view

Greek Letters

¥c To access the Greek

character set

¥cj+ letter To access lowercase Greek

letters. Example:

¥cj

[W] displays ω

¥c¤+ letter To access uppercase Greek

letters. Example:

¥c¤[W]displays Ω

If you press a key combination that does not

access a Greek letter, you get the normal

letter for that key.

ABCDE

FGH I J

KLMNO

PQRSU

XYZT

ψξ ζτ

αβδ

∆ε

φγ

λµ

Πρσ

Ω

TI-89 Shortcut Keys

00_92IBC.DOC TI-89/92 Plus: Inside Back Cover (En

lish) Susan Gullord Revised: 02/23/01 10:47 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Pa

e 1 of 1

General

¥OList of Flash applications

2a Toggle between last two chosen

applications or split screens

¥D Copy graph coordinates to

sysdata

¥F Display FORMATS dialog box

¥H Copy graph coordinates to

Home screen history

¥N Create new variable

¥O Open existing variable

¥S Save copy as

¥|, ¥«Lighten or darken contrast

¥¸Calculate approximate answer

¥´Turn off unit so that it returns

to current application the next

time you turn it on

¥1– ¥9Run programs kbdprgm1()

through kbdprgm9()

On-screen Keyboard Map ( ¥”)

Press Nto exit the map.

See the table below for shortcuts that are not

marked on the TI-92 Plus keyboard. See the

next column for accent marks and Greek

letters.

2Q ?

2W ! (factorial)

2R @

2T # (indirection)

2H &(append)

2X ¦(comment)

¥Áƒ

¥µ(zero) 

¥¶‚

Editing

¥CMove cursor to top

¥DMove cursor to bottom

2AMove cursor to far left

2BMove cursor to far right

‚C, ‚DScroll tall objects in history

2C, 2DPage up and page down

¥X Cut

¥C Copy

¥V Paste

3D Graphing

C, D, A, BAnimate graph

«, |Change animation speed

X, Y, ZView along axis

µ(zero) Return to original view

FChange graph format style

pExpanded/normal view

Accent Marks

2A + letter à, è, ì, ò, ù, À, È, Ì, Ò, Ù

2C + letter ç, Ç

2E + letterá, é, í, ó, ú, ý, Á, É, Í, Ó, Ú, Ý

2N + letter ã, ñ, õ, Ã, Ñ, Õ

2O + letter â, ê, î, ô, û, Â, Ê, Î, Ô, Û

2U + letter ä, ë, ï, ö, ü, ÿ, Ä, Ë, Ï, Ö, Ü

Greek Letters

2G To access the Greek

character set

2G + letter To access lowercase Greek

letters. Example: 2GW

displays ω

2G ¤+ letter To access uppercase Greek

letters. Example: 2G ¤W

displays Ω

If you press a key combination that does not

access a Greek letter, you get the normal

letter for that key.

ξζ

∆

φγ

Ω

Q W E R T Y U I O P

A S D F G H J K L

Z X C V B N M

ξζ

∆

φγ

Ω

Q W E R T Y U I O P

A S D F G H J K L

Z X C V B N M

TI-92 Plus Shortcut Keys

iii

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page iii of 16

Flash Applications...................................................................................... x

Keystroke Differences............................................................................. xii

What’s New?............................................................................................. xiv

Getting the TI.89 Ready to Use ................................................................ 2

Getting the TI.92 Plus Ready to Use........................................................ 3

Setting the Contrast and Selecting a Language...................................... 4

Performing Computations......................................................................... 8

Graphing a Function ................................................................................ 11

Turning the TI.89 / TI.92 Plus On and Off ............................................ 14

Setting the Display Contrast................................................................... 15

The TI.89 Keyboard ................................................................................. 16

The TI.92 Plus Keyboard......................................................................... 17

Modifier Keys............................................................................................ 18

Entering Alphabetic Characters............................................................. 21

Home Screen............................................................................................. 23

Entering Numbers .................................................................................... 25

Entering Expressions and Instructions................................................. 26

Formats of Displayed Results................................................................. 29

Editing an Expression in the Entry Line ............................................... 32

Menus......................................................................................................... 34

Using the Custom Menu .......................................................................... 37

Selecting an Application.......................................................................... 38

Setting Modes ........................................................................................... 40

Using the Clean Up Menu to Start a New Problem.............................. 43

Using the Catalog Dialog Box................................................................. 44

Storing and Recalling Variable Values................................................... 47

Reusing a Previous Entry or the Last Answer...................................... 49

Auto-Pasting an Entry or Answer from the History Area................... 52

Status Line Indicators in the Display..................................................... 53

Finding the Software Version and ID Number..................................... 55

Table of Contents

This guidebook describes how to use the TI-89 / TI-92 Plus. The

table of contents can help you locate "getting started"

information as well as detailed information about the

TI-89 / TI-92 Plus features. Appendix A provides one convenient

location to find details about every TI-89 / TI-92 Plus function

and instruction.

Chapter 1:

Getting Started

Chapter 2:

Operating the

Calculator

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page iv of 16

Preview of Symbolic Manipulation........................................................ 58

Using Undefined or Defined Variables.................................................. 59

Using Exact, Approximate, and Auto Modes ....................................... 61

Automatic Simplification......................................................................... 64

Delayed Simplification for Certain Built-In Functions........................ 66

Substituting Values and Setting Constraints ........................................ 67

Overview of the Algebra Menu............................................................... 70

Common Algebraic Operations.............................................................. 72

Overview of the Calc Menu..................................................................... 75

Common Calculus Operations................................................................ 76

User-Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation ......................... 77

If You Get an Out-of-Memory Error....................................................... 79

Special Constants Used in Symbolic Manipulation ............................. 80

Preview of Constants and Measurement Units.................................... 82

Entering Constants or Units ................................................................... 83

Converting from One Unit to Another................................................... 85

Setting the Default Units for Displayed Results .................................. 87

Creating Your Own User-Defined Units................................................ 88

List of Pre-Defined Constants and Units............................................... 89

Saving the Home Screen Entries as a Text Editor Script ................... 94

Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Information .......................................... 95

Creating and Evaluating User-Defined Functions ............................... 97

Using Folders to Store Independent Sets of Variables ..................... 100

If an Entry or Answer Is “Too Big” ...................................................... 103

Preview of Basic Function Graphing................................................... 106

Overview of Steps in Graphing Functions.......................................... 107

Setting the Graph Mode......................................................................... 108

Defining Functions for Graphing ......................................................... 109

Selecting Functions to Graph ............................................................... 111

Setting the Display Style for a Function.............................................. 112

Defining the Viewing Window .............................................................. 113

Changing the Graph Format ................................................................. 114

Graphing the Selected Functions......................................................... 115

Displaying Coordinates with the Free-Moving Cursor...................... 116

Tracing a Function ................................................................................. 117

Using Zooms to Explore a Graph......................................................... 119

Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions ............................................. 122

Preview of Parametric Graphing.......................................................... 128

Overview of Steps in Graphing Parametric Equations ..................... 129

Differences in Parametric and Function Graphing ........................... 130

Chapter 3:

Symbolic

Manipulation

Chapter 4:

Constants and

Measurement Units

Chapter 5:

Additional Home

Screen Topics

Chapter 6:

Basic Function

Graphing

Chapter 7:

Parametric

Graphing

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page v of 16

Preview of Polar Graphing.................................................................... 134

Overview of Steps in Graphing Polar Equations................................ 135

Differences in Polar and Function Graphing...................................... 136

Preview of Sequence Graphing ............................................................ 140

Overview of Steps in Graphing Sequences......................................... 141

Differences in Sequence and Function Graphing .............................. 142

Setting Axes for Time, Web, or Custom Plots .................................... 146

Using Web Plots...................................................................................... 147

Using Custom Plots................................................................................ 150

Using a Sequence to Generate a Table................................................ 151

Preview of 3D Graphing ........................................................................ 154

Overview of Steps in Graphing 3D Equations.................................... 156

Differences in 3D and Function Graphing.......................................... 157

Moving the Cursor in 3D ....................................................................... 160

Rotating and/or Elevating the Viewing Angle..................................... 162

Animating a 3D Graph Interactively .................................................... 164

Changing the Axes and Style Formats................................................. 165

Contour Plots.......................................................................................... 167

Example: Contours of a Complex Modulus Surface ......................... 170

Implicit Plots........................................................................................... 171

Example: Implicit Plot of a More Complicated Equation................. 173

Preview of Differential Equation Graphing ........................................ 176

Overview of Steps in Graphing Differential Equations..................... 178

Differences in Diff Equations and Function Graphing...................... 179

Setting the Initial Conditions................................................................ 184

Defining a System for Higher-Order Equations ................................. 186

Example of a 2nd-Order Equation ....................................................... 187

Example of a 3rd-Order Equation........................................................ 189

Setting Axes for Time or Custom Plots............................................... 190

Example of Time and Custom Axes .................................................... 191

Example Comparison of RK and Euler ............................................... 193

Example of the deSolve( ) Function.................................................... 196

Troubleshooting with the Fields Graph Format ................................ 197

Chapter 8:

Polar Graphing

Chapter 9:

Sequence Graphing

Chapter 10:

3D Graphing

Chapter 11:

Differential

Equation Graphing

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page vi of 16

Preview of Additional Graphing Topics.............................................. 202

Collecting Data Points from a Graph................................................... 203

Graphing a Function Defined on the Home Screen........................... 204

Graphing a Piecewise Defined Function............................................. 206

Graphing a Family of Curves................................................................ 208

Using the Two-Graph Mode.................................................................. 209

Drawing a Function or Inverse on a Graph ........................................ 212

Drawing a Line, Circle, or Text Label on a Graph ............................. 213

Saving and Opening a Picture of a Graph ........................................... 217

Animating a Series of Graph Pictures ................................................. 219

Saving and Opening a Graph Database ............................................... 220

Preview of Tables................................................................................... 222

Overview of Steps in Generating a Table............................................ 223

Setting Up the Table Parameters ......................................................... 224

Displaying an Automatic Table ............................................................ 226

Building a Manual (Ask) Table............................................................. 229

Preview of Split Screens........................................................................ 232

Setting and Exiting the Split Screen Mode ......................................... 233

Selecting the Active Application .......................................................... 235

Preview of the Data/Matrix Editor....................................................... 238

Overview of List, Data, and Matrix Variables..................................... 239

Starting a Data/Matrix Editor Session................................................. 241

Entering and Viewing Cell Values........................................................ 243

Inserting and Deleting a Row, Column, or Cell.................................. 246

Defining a Column Header with an Expression................................. 248

Using Shift and CumSum Functions in a Column Header................ 250

Sorting Columns ..................................................................................... 251

Saving a Copy of a List, Data, or Matrix Variable .............................. 252

Preview of Statistics and Data Plots.................................................... 254

Overview of Steps in Statistical Analysis............................................ 258

Performing a Statistical Calculation.................................................... 259

Statistical Calculation Types ................................................................ 261

Statistical Variables................................................................................ 263

Defining a Statistical Plot...................................................................... 264

Statistical Plot Types ............................................................................. 266

Using the Y= Editor with Stat Plots..................................................... 268

Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot .......................................... 269

Using Frequencies and Categories ...................................................... 270

If You Have a CBL 2/CBL or CBR......................................................... 272

Chapter 12:

Additional

Graphing Topics

Chapter 13:

Tables

Chapter 14:

Split Screens

Chapter 15:

Data/Matrix Editor

Chapter 16:

Statistics and

Data Plots

vii

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page vii of 16

Preview of Programming....................................................................... 276

Running an Existing Program............................................................... 278

Starting a Program Editor Session....................................................... 280

Overview of Entering a Program.......................................................... 282

Overview of Entering a Function......................................................... 285

Calling One Program from Another..................................................... 287

Using Variables in a Program ............................................................... 288

Using Local Variables in Functions or Programs .................................. 290

String Operations ................................................................................... 292

Conditional Tests ................................................................................... 294

Using If, Lbl, and Goto to Control Program Flow.............................. 295

Using Loops to Repeat a Group of Commands.................................. 297

Configuring the TI-89 / TI-92 Plus........................................................ 300

Getting Input from the User and Displaying Output ......................... 301

Creating a Custom Menu....................................................................... 303

Creating a Table or Graph..................................................................... 305

Drawing on the Graph Screen .............................................................. 307

Accessing Another TI.89 / TI.92 Plus, a CBL 2/CBL, or a

CBR..................................................................................................... 309

Debugging Programs and Handling Errors......................................... 310

Example: Using Alternative Approaches ............................................ 311

Assembly-Language Programs ............................................................. 313

Preview of Text Operations.................................................................. 316

Starting a Text Editor Session.............................................................. 317

Entering and Editing Text..................................................................... 319

Entering Special Characters.................................................................. 324

Entering and Executing a Command Script ....................................... 328

Creating a Lab Report............................................................................ 330

Preview of the Numeric Solver ............................................................ 334

Displaying the Solver and Entering an Equation ............................... 335

Defining the Known Variables.............................................................. 337

Solving for the Unknown Variable....................................................... 339

Graphing the Solution............................................................................ 340

Preview of Number Bases..................................................................... 344

Entering and Converting Number Bases............................................. 345

Performing Math Operations with Hex or Bin Numbers .................. 346

Comparing or Manipulating Bits .......................................................... 347

Chapter 17:

Programming

Chapter 18:

Text Editor

Chapter 19:

Numeric Solver

Chapter 20:

Number Bases

viii

00_FRONT.DOC TI-89/TI-92 Plus: Front Matter (English) Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/23/01 10:37 AM Printed: 02/23/01 2:10 PM Page viii of 16

Preview of Memory and Variable Management ................................. 350

Checking and Resetting Memory ......................................................... 353

Displaying the VAR-LINK Screen......................................................... 355

Manipulating Variables and Folders with VAR-LINK ........................ 357

Pasting a Variable Name to an Application ........................................ 359

Archiving and Unarchiving a Variable................................................. 360

If a Garbage Collection Message Is Displayed ................................... 362

Memory Error When Accessing an Archived Variable...................... 364

Linking Two Units.................................................................................. 366

Transmitting Variables, Flash Applications, and Folders................. 367

Transmitting Variables under Program Control................................. 371

Upgrading Product Software (Base Code) ......................................... 373

Collecting and Transmitting ID Lists................................................... 378

Compatibility between a TI.89, TI.92 Plus, and TI.92 ...................... 380

Analyzing the Pole-Corner Problem .................................................... 384

Deriving the Quadratic Formula .......................................................... 386

Exploring a Matrix ................................................................................. 388

Exploring cos(x) = sin(x)...................................................................... 389

Finding Minimum Surface Area of a Parallelepiped.......................... 390

Running a Tutorial Script Using the Text Editor ............................... 392

Decomposing a Rational Function....................................................... 394

Studying Statistics: Filtering Data by Categories .............................. 396

CBL 2/CBL Program for the TI-89 / TI-92 Plus................................... 399

Studying the Flight of a Hit Baseball ................................................... 400

Visualizing Complex Zeros of a Cubic Polynomial............................. 402

Solving a Standard Annuity Problem................................................... 404

Computing the Time-Value-of-Money.................................................. 405

Finding Rational, Real, and Complex Factors.................................... 406

Simulation of Sampling without Replacement................................... 407

Quick-Find Locator ................................................................................ 410

Alphabetical Listing of Operations ...................................................... 414

Chapter 21:

Memory and

Variable

Management

Chapter 22:

Linking and

Upgrading

Chapter 23:

Activities

Appendix A:

Functions and

Instructions

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