Texas Instruments -25X Solar Manual de usuario

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The TI.25X Solar Calculator

The TI-25X Solar calculator offers you a wide range of

mathematical and statistical capabilities. This manual

explains these capabilities.

Basic Operations

To turn the calculator on, expose the solar panel to

adequate light and press +([ON]).

Key

Function

([ON])

If the calculator is off, turns the unit on,

clears the display, and resets angle units to

degrees.

When pressed once during a calculation

(but before an operation key), clears the

displayed entry and any error condition (E).

You can make a new entry and continue

with your calculation.

Pressing

does not clear the memory,

statistics register, or angle-unit setting.

Instructs the calculator to perform the

second function (written above the key) of

the next key pressed.

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The Display

You can enter a maximum of eight digits in the display. Any

digit key pressed after the eighth is ignored.

Indicator

Meaning

–

The displayed number is negative.

2nd

The

key has been pressed to access

the second function (written above the key)

of the next key pressed.

Angle units are set to degrees.

Angle units are set to radians.

Angle units are set to grads.

( )

One or more parentheses are open.

STAT

The calculator is in statistics mode. That is,

the statistics register contains data.

A number and operation are stored as a

constant.

A number other than zero is stored in

memory.

An error has occurred. You must press

to clear the error.

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Scientific Notation

In scientific notation, a number is expressed as a mantissa

multiplied by 10 raised to a power (exponent).

Key

Function

Example: To enter 1.2345 × 10

1.2345

6 1.2345 06

Removes a displayed result from scientific

notation and displays it in standard decimal

format.

Entering a Number in Scientific Notation

1. Enter the mantissa. If it is negative, press @.

2. Press a. Two zeros appear on the right side of the

display.

3. Enter the exponent (one or two digits). If it is negative,

press @. If you press an incorrect digit key, just

reenter the correct digits.

Converting a Number to Scientific Notation

To convert a displayed number from standard display

format to scientific notation, press n1 al.

mantissa

exponent

floating mantissa sign

exponent sign

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Correcting Entry Errors

At any point in a calculation, you can press -twice to

clear all calculations, including any errors, and start over.

Clearing an Error Condition

The display shows Ewhen an error, overflow, or underflow

occurs or when you enter an improper operation. No entry

from the keyboard is accepted until you press -, which

clears the error condition and all pending operations.

Order of Calculations

The Algebraic Operating System (AOS™) of the TI-25X

Solar completes operations in the order of priority listed

below.

1. Single-variable functions (trigonometric, logarithmic,

square, square root, factorial, percent, reciprocal, angle

conversion, and change sign).

2. Two-variable functions:

¦Exponential (yx)and roots (x‡y)

¦Multiplication and division

¦Addition and subtraction

3. lcompletes all operations.

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Basic Functions

Key

Function

Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication,

and division.

Example: 12

120.

Completes all pending operations.

Example: 4

29.

Changes the sign (positive or negative) of

the displayed number.

Example: 8

Operations enclosed in parentheses are

given priority over operations outside the

parentheses. You can enter up to 15 levels

of parentheses.

closes any open

parenthetical expressions.

Example: 12

132.

{

Enters the value of p.

Calculates the factorial of the displayed

number.

Example: 5

120.

Converts the displayed number from a

percentage to a decimal.

Example: 25

0.25

Adds n% to the displayed number.

Subtracts n% from the displayed number.

Multiplies the displayed number by n%.

Divides the displayed number by n%.

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Key

Function

Calculates the square of the displayed

number.

Calculates the square root of the displayed

number.

Calculates the reciprocal (x

−

) of the

displayed number.

Raises the displayed number (y) to a

specified power (x).

Calculates a specified root (x) of the

displayed number (y).

Calculates the common logarithm (base 10)

of the displayed number.

Calculates the common antilogarithm of the

displayed number (10 raised to the power of

the number).

Calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of

the displayed number.

Calculates the natural antilogarithm of the

displayed number (eraised to the power of

the number).

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Using the Memory

The calculator’s memory can store data as long as the

calculator is on. You can store a number in memory for

repeated use in a calculation or to keep a running total.

Key

Function

Stores the displayed number in memory,

replacing any previously stored number. To

clear the memory, press

when zero is

displayed.

Example: 23

M25.

Recalls and displays the number stored in

memory. Does not change or clear the

number in memory.

Example:

M26.

Adds the displayed number to the current

number in memory. Does not affect the

displayed number or any calculation in

progress.

Example: 4

M4.

M27.

Swaps the number in memory with the

displayed number. The displayed number is

stored, and the previously stored number is

displayed.

Example: 3

M15.

M27.

M15.

Note: +clears the memory. -does not clear the

memory.

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Constant Calculations

The constant key hsimplifies repetitive calculations by

storing a number and its associated operation for repeated

use.

To enter a constant operation:

1. Key in the repetitive number (m).

2. Press the operation key you want.

3. Press h.

Key

Function

Adds mto each subsequent entry.

Subtracts mfrom each subsequent entry.

Multiplies each subsequent entry by m.

Divides each subsequent entry by m.

Raises each subsequent entry to the mth

power.

Takes the mth root of each subsequent

entry.

After storing the constant, you can complete each repeated

calculation by simply entering the new number and pressing

l. To erase the constant, clear the calculator or enter any

of the above arithmetic keys.

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Angle-Unit Setting

Before starting a trigonometric calculation, use the Kkey

to select the appropriate angle-unit setting (D—Degree,

R—Radian,or G—Grad).

Key

Function

Changes the angle-unit setting without

affecting the displayed angle value.

Changes the angle-unit setting and converts

the displayed angle value to its equivalent

for the new setting.

Example: Convert 45

. (If necessary, press

until Dis displayed.)

45 D45.

xR0.7853982

xG50.

xD45.

Trigonometric Functions

Key

Function

Calculates the sine, cosine, or tangent of

the displayed angle.

Example:

0.1339746

Calculates arcsine, arccosine, or arctangent

of the displayed value.

Example: 1 `u90.

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Degree Format Conversions

An angle measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds

(DMS) must be converted to decimal degrees (DD) before

you can use it in a calculation.

Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds

DMS angles are entered in D.MMSSsss format.

DDegrees (°)—0 to 8 digits

.Decimal point separator

MM Minutes (')—must be 2 digits

SS Seconds (")—must be 2 digits

sss Fractional part of a second

For example, enter 48°5'3.5" as 48.05035.

Decimal Degrees

DD angles are entered in D.ddddddd format.

DDegrees (°)

.Decimal point separator

ddddddd Fractional part of a degree

For example, enter 34.047°as 34.047.

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