Texas Instruments TI-83 - Plus Graphing Calculator Guía de inicio rápido

CHAPTER 1 Calculator Notes for the TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

Note 1A • Setting the Mode

Press to display a screen like that shown here. The settings highlighted are

the ones that you will use most often in this course. If your calculator does not

display these settings, follow the steps below to change them.

1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the setting you want to choose.

2. Press to register your selection.

3. When you have selected the settings you want, press [QUIT] to exit

from the mode screen.

In this class you will need to change some of these settings during the year. The

comments below may not mean much to you now, but your textbook will refer

you back to this note several times during the course.

a. NORMAL and SCIentific refer to the way in which numbers are

displayed. Both modes are used in the chapter on exponents. Usually

this setting should be on NORMAL mode.

b. FLOAT and 0 1 2... refer to other ways in which numbers are displayed.

FLOAT mode is useful in hiding long decimal answers and will make

some numbers clearer. It is best to leave this setting on FLOAT,except

in applications such as money, where only two decimal places make

more sense. Remember to change this setting back to FLOAT when you

are done.

c. In this course you will use only the DEGREE mode. This setting is not

important until you reach Chapter 11.

d. FUNCtion and PARametric are two different types of graphing modes.

Most of the work in this course will be in FUNC mode.

e. SEQUENTIAL and SIMULtaneous tell the calculator to graph the

equations one at a time, or to graph all the equations simultaneously.

f. Usually you’ll want your screen set to FULL. Occasionally, after you have

been working with a program, you may find that you are left with a

split screen. If this happens, be sure to change this setting back to FULL.

The remaining settings in the mode screen are not important in this course. If

you find that your screen looks very strange when you try to do something, it’s

a good idea to look at the mode screen and check to see if any settings have

been changed.

2nd

ENTER

MODE

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 7

TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

Note 1B • Entering Lists

There are six pre-set lists in the calculator: lists L1through L6.You can create

other named lists if needed. You can enter 999 elements into a list if enough

memory is available.

Clearing Data

If a list already has data in it, move the cursor up so that the list name is

highlighted and press .

Entering Data Directly into a List

Follow the steps below to enter data (such as 400, 455, 390, 450, 360, 320,

480, 480) into a list.

a. Press (Edit...).

b. Enter each number into list L1.Ifyou do not see list L1,see the sections

Resetting a List or Recalling a List that follow. After entering each data

value, press . When you are finished entering the data, press

[QUIT].Ifyou wish to add a data value in the middle of the list, move

the cursor to the place of insertion, press [INS],and then enter the

number. To remove an entry from a list, highlight the entry and

press .

Entering Data into a List from the Home Screen

If you are working with a short list, you may want to enter it from the

Home screen. To enter the data 1, 2, 3, 4 into list L1from the Home screen

press [{] [}] [L1].

ENTER

2nd

STO

2nd4,3,2,1

2nd

DEL

2nd

2ndENTER

1STAT

ENTERCLEAR

(continued)

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 8

You can also enter a list into the Home screen without storing it in a stat list.

Naming a List

If you name a list, then you can save it for later use. To name a list, highlight the

name of any list, for example L1,L2,and so on, and press [INS].Anew list

will appear to the left of the list you highlighted. Enter a name for the list, for

example, YEAR.(The flashing Atells you that you are in Alpha mode, so unless

you want to enter a number as part of the name, you can just enter the list

name.) Press and you will see that the list now has a name.

Resetting a List

To reset the calculator so that only lists L1through L6are displayed, press

and select 5:SetUpEditor.This action will not delete a named list from the

calculator’s memory and you will still be able to recall a named list with its

stored data.

Deleting and Archiving a List on the TI-83 Plus or TI-84 Plus

To delete a list, press [MEM],select 2:Mem Mgnt/Del...,and then 4:List..., arrow to

the list you want to delete, and press .You can delete a pre-set list or a named

list. If you delete a list, you lose the data in the list. To avoid losing the data,instead

of pressing , you can press to mark the list with an asterisk. This is called

archiving and will temporarily disable the list(s) you mark.An archived list will

not appear on the screen when you press (Edit...).Bypressing [LIST] you

can see that each archived list is preceded by an asterisk.An archived list retains

its data but cannot be used until it is enabled. To enable an archived list, press

[MEM] (MemMgnt/Del...)(List...),arrow to the list you want to enable,and

press .The asterisk disappears. Press [QUIT] to return to the Home screen.

2ndENTER

422nd

2nd1STAT

ENTER

DEL

2nd

STAT

ENTER

2nd

Note 1B • Entering Lists (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

(continued)

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 9

Note 1B • Entering Lists (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

Deleting a List on the TI-83

To delete a list, press [MEM],select 2:Delete...,and then 4:List...,arrowto the

list you want to delete, and press . You can delete a pre-set list or a named

list. If you delete a list, you lose the data in the list. Press [QUIT] to return to

the Home screen.

Recalling a List

Press (Edit...) to display the current lists. Next, create a blank, nameless

list by highlighting a list name and pressing [INS].You now have a blank,

nameless list ready to be named. To recall one of the pre-set lists (lists L1through

L6) that you previously deleted, press [L1]or [L2]and so on, and .

The name is back, but not the data. (You can recall all deleted pre-set list names

by using the Resetting a List procedure.) To recall a previously named list that

was hidden from view by Resetting a List, press [LIST],arrowdown to the

list you want to recall, and press . The list name and data reappear.

On the TI-83 Plus or TI-84 Plus, to recall a list that is archived, you must enable

the list first and then recall it. Using the Resetting a List procedure will enable

lists L1through L6whether they are archived or not.

Moving a List

To move a list, begin by highlighting the name of an empty list. Press [LIST],

arrow down to the name of the list you want to move, and press .

The list data appears. You can now delete or overwrite the data in the original

list, and the data will remain in the new list.

ENTERENTER

2nd

ENTERENTER

2nd

ENTER2nd2nd

2nd

1STAT

2nd

ENTER

2nd

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 10

TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

(continued)

Note 1C • Median and Mean

Enter the data into a list, and return to the Home screen by pressing [QUIT].

(See Note 1B if you don’t remember how to enter data into a list. The screen

here uses the same data as the first list entered in Note 1B.)

a. Press [LIST] and arrow over to MATH.

b. Choose 4:Median( or 3:Mean(.

c. Press [L1](or whichever list contains the data) and close

the parentheses.

d. Press to find the value.

You can also calculate all the statistical values of a data set at once, including

the median, mean, and the five summary values.

a. Press and arrow over to CALC.

b. Choose 1:1–Var Stats.

c. Press [L1](or whichever list contains the data).

d. Press .

ENTER

2nd

STAT

ENTER

2nd

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 11

Note 1C • Median and Mean (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

(continued)

Use the down arrow to display the entire list of values.



416.875 the mean

x3335 the sum of the x-values

x21414425 the sum of the squares of the x-values

Sx58.73290025 the sample standard deviation

x54.93959751 the population standard deviation

n8the number of data values

minX 320 the minimum data value

Q1 375 the first quartile

Med 425 the median

Q3 467.5 the third quartile

maxX 480 the maximum data value

Errors

If you select 1–Var Stats and forget to enter the list name, the calculator default

will be list L1.Ifyou get ERR:INVALID DIM,you have selected a blank list.

Note 1D • Box Plots

Entering the Data

Enter the data set into a list. List L1is used for this example. (See Note 1B if you

need help entering data.)

Setting the WINDOW Values

Press and enter the following values into the WINDOW screen.

Xmin a number slightly less than the minimum of the data.

Xmax a number slightly greater than the maximum of the data.

Xscl the distance between tick marks. Although this number is not

critical to graphing a box plot, if it’s too small, the tick marks will

make the x-axis appear too thick.

Ymin 0.

Ymax 10. This number is not important for a box plot. Any number

greater than Ymin will work.

Yscl 0. This number does not affect a box plot.

Xres 1. This number does not affect a box plot.

WINDOW

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 12

Note 1D • Box Plots (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

(continued)

Displaying the Box Plot

This example uses the data in list L1,but you can choose any list.

a. Clear or turn off any equations in the Yscreen. (Press . Place the

cursor anywhere in an equation and press to delete the equation.

Or, move the cursor over the highlighted equal sign of any equation

you don’t want to delete, and press to turn off the equation.)

b. Press [STAT PLOT] (Plot1...).(You can choose any of the three

stat plots.)

c. Select On, Box Plot,L1,1.(To select list L1press [L1].)

Note that there are two types of box plots available. The first type will

not connect outliers to the rest of the plot. The second type will. If you

choose the first type, you will also have to indicate the mark you want

to use for any outlying points.

d. Press .

Tracing on a Box Plot

Press . The trace option allows you to see the five number summary

values for the box plot by pressing the left and right arrows. If you press the up

and down arrows, you move from one box plot to another. (See the Graphing

More Than One Box Plot section that follows.) Look in the upper-left corner

of the calculator screen to see which plot the calculator is tracing. The trace

option always starts with the stat plots and then moves to equations on the

Yscreen (if any are turned on), even if you can’t see them in the current

window. Be sure to turn off any plots and any equations you do not want to

see or trace.

Graphing More Than One Box Plot

The calculator can graph up to three box plots at the same time. Follow the

directions for making a box plot and set up Plot2,Plot3,or both. Be sure the list

in which you’ve entered the data matches the list you select when setting up

each box plot.

Errors

If you don’t see a graph, then check the Xmin and Xmax values to make sure

that your data lies between them. If you get ERR:INVALID DIM when you try to

TRACE

GRAPH

2nd

12nd

ENTER

CLEAR

Y

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 13

Note 1D • Box Plots (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

graph, you have selected a blank list. If you get ERR:WINDOW RANGE,you have

probably assigned an Xmax value that is less than the Xmin value or a Ymax

value that is less than the Ymin value.

Clean-up

When you are finished graphing box plots, you might want to turn off

all the plots so that they don’t interfere with other graphing screens.

Press [STAT PLOT] (PlotsOff) , or press , arrow to any plot

that is highlighted, and press .

Note 1E • Histograms

Entering the Data

Enter the data into a list. List L1is used for this example. (See Note 1B if you

need help entering the data.)

Setting the WINDOW Values

Press and enter the following values into the WINDOW screen.

Xmin a number equal to or slightly less than the minimum of the data.

Xmax a number greater than the maximum of the data.

Xscl the width of each bar. Use an integer value that is approximately

equal to



Xmax 

8Xmin



Ymin 2. Using a negative value for Ymin allows you to trace on the

graph without the trace values interfering with the graph itself.

Ymax the height of the tallest bar. Make an intelligent guess. You may have

to revise this value when you look at the graph. Tracing on the

graph can help you determine the maximum bar height.

Yscl the distance between tick marks on the y-axis. The number you

choose will depend on the Ymax value. You don’t want tick marks

that are too close together, or the y-axis will appear too thick.

Xres 1. This number does not affect a histogram.

The Xscl value determines the width of the histogram bars. You may need to

extend the range one bar-width beyond what you think it should be by

increasing the Xmax value. You may want to create a histogram with as few as

five or as many as ten bars. Experiment with different values for Xscl to see

what effect each has on the graph.

WINDOW

ENTER

Y

ENTER

2nd

(continued)

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 14

Note 1E • Histograms (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

Displaying the Histogram

This example assumes the data is in list L1,but you can choose any list.

a. Clear or turn off any equations in the Yscreen. (Press . Place the

cursor anywhere in an equation and press to delete the equation.

Or, move the cursor over the highlighted equal sign of any equation

you don’t want to delete, and press to turn off the equation.)

b. Press [STAT PLOT] (Plot1...). (You can choose any of the three

stat plots.)

c. Select On, Histogram,L1,1.(To select list L1press [L1].)

d. Press .

Tracing on a Histogram

Press . The trace option always starts with the stat plots and then moves

to equations in the Yscreen (if any are turned on), even if you can’t see them

in the current window. Be sure to turn off any plots and any equations you do

not want to see or trace.

Errors

You will get ERR:STAT if you try to create a histogram with more than

47 intervals (bars). Make the Xscl value larger to correct this error. You may

also get an error message if you haven’t turned off a plot you’re not interested

in seeing or you have changed the data or the window settings.

Clean-up

When you are finished graphing histograms, you might want to turn off all

the plots so that they don’t interfere with other graphing screens. Press

[STAT PLOT] (PlotsOff) , or press , arrow to any plot that is

highlighted, and press .

Note 1F • Scatter Plots

Entering the Data

Enter the x-coordinates (horizontal axis) into one list and the y-coordinates

(vertical axis) into another list. List L1and list L2are used for this example.

(See Note 1B if you need help entering the data.)

ENTER

Y

ENTER4

2nd

TRACE

GRAPH

2nd

12nd

ENTER

CLEAR

Y

(continued)

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 15

Note 1F • Scatter Plots (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

(continued)

Setting the WINDOW Values

Press and enter the following values into the WINDOW screen.

Xmin a number less than the minimum value in the list of x-coordinates.

Xmax a number greater than the maximum value in the list of

x-coordinates.

Xscl the distance between tick marks. You can use 0 (no tick marks) or a

value usually less than or equal to



Xmax1



0Xmin



.Ifyour Xscl value is

too small, the x-axis will appear too thick.

Ymin a number less than the minimum value in the list of y-coordinates.

Ymax a number greater than the maximum value in the list of

y-coordinates.

Yscl the distance between tick marks. You can use 0 (no tick marks) or a

value usually less than or equal to



Ymax1



0Ymin



.Ifyour Yscl value is

too small, the y-axis will appear too thick.

Xres 1. This number does not affect a scatter plot.

Displaying the Scatter Plot

a. Clear or turn off any equations in the Yscreen. (Press . Place the

cursor anywhere in an equation and press to delete the equation.

Or, move the cursor over the highlighted equal sign of any equation

you don’t want to delete, and press to turn off the equation.)

b. Press [STAT PLOT] (Plot1...). (You can choose any of the three

stat plots.)

c. Select On,ScatterPlot,L1for Xlist (if your x-coordinates are in list L1);

L2for Ylist (if your y-coordinates are in list L2), and choose a mark type

to indicate the data points.

d. Press .

Tracing on a Scatter Plot

Press . The trace option always starts with the stat plots and then moves

to equations in the Yscreen (if any are turned on), even if you can’t see them

in the current window. Be sure to turn off any plots and any equations you do

not want to see or trace.

TRACE

GRAPH

12nd

ENTER

CLEAR

Y

WINDOW

DA2CN_773_01.qxd 10/19/05 9:53 Page 16

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