Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 SP2 - ARCHITECTURE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION... Manual de usuario

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

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May08,2008 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration

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Contents

About This Guide xv

Part I Deployment 1

1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3

1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2Deployment Strategies 7

2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3Installation with YaST 17

3.1 IBM POWER: System Start-Up for Network Installation . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.3 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.4 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.5 TheBootScreen......................... 20

3.6 Language ............................ 24

3.7 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.8 MediaCheck........................... 27

3.9 LicenseAgreement........................ 27

3.10 InstallationMode......................... 28

3.11 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.12 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.13 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3.14 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.15 GraphicalLogin.......................... 44

4Remote Installation 47

4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 56

4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

5Automated Installation 85

5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 103

6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.2 Customizing the Firstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

7Advanced Disk Setup 115

7.1 LVMConguration........................ 115

7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

8System Conguration with YaST 129

8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 130

8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

8.3 Software............................ 132

8.4 Hardware............................ 146

8.5 System............................. 153

8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 164

8.7 NetworkServices........................ 165

8.8 AppArmor ........................... 172

8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

8.10 Virtualization.......................... 181

8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 182

8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 185

8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

8.14 SaX2.............................. 191

8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 197

8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

9Managing Software with ZENworks 199

9.1 Update from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 211

10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Part II Administration 239

11 OpenWBEM 241

11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 248

11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 271

12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

13 iSNS for Linux Overview 281

13.1 HowiSNSWorks......................... 281

13.2 iSNS for Linux Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

13.3 SettingUpiSNS......................... 283

13.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 287

14.1 O2CB Cluster Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

14.2 DiskHeartbeat ......................... 289

14.3 In-Memory File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

14.4 Management Utilities and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

14.5 OCFS2Packages......................... 293

14.6 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

14.7 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

14.8 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

15 Access Control Lists in Linux 301

15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

15.3 Denitions........................... 303

15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 304

15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

16 RPM—the Package Manager 313

16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 314

16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 315

16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 318

16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

17 System Monitoring Utilities 325

17.1 Debugging........................... 326

17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

17.4 Networking........................... 333

17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 334

17.6 Processes............................ 337

17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 345

18 Working with the Shell 347

18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 374

Part III System 379

19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 381

19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 382

19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 387

20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 391

20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

21 The Boot Loader 403

21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 420

21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

22 Special System Features 423

22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 430

22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

23 Printer Operation 437

23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 445

23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 453

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 461

24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 461

24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 464

24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

25 File Systems in Linux 469

25.1 Terminology........................... 469

25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

26 The X Window System 481

26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

27 Authentication with PAM 495

27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

28 Power Management 503

28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

28.2 APM.............................. 505

28.3 ACPI.............................. 507

28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

29 Wireless Communication 529

29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 529

Part IV Services 541

30 Basic Networking 543

30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

30.3 NameResolution ........................ 558

30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

30.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 579

30.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

30.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

31 SLP Services in the Network 601

31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 601

31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

32 Time Synchronization with NTP 605

32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

33 The Domain Name System 611

33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 611

33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 628

33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 635

33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

34 DHCP 637

34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

35 Using NIS 655

35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

36 LDAP—A Directory Service 663

36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 664

36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684

36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

37 Samba 699

37.1 Terminology........................... 699

37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 709

37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 715

38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728

38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728

39 File Synchronization 729

39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734

39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737

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