Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 SP2 - ARCHITECTURE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION... Manual de usuario

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

www.novell.com10

May08,2008 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration

Legal Notice

This manual is protected under Novell intellectual property rights. By reproducing, duplicating or

distributing this manual you explicitly agree to conform to the terms and conditions of this license

agreement.

This manual may be freely reproduced, duplicated and distributed either as such or as part of a bundled

package in electronic and/or printed format, provided however that the following conditions are ful-

lled:

That this copyright notice and the names of authors and contributors appear clearly and distinctively

on all reproduced, duplicated and distributed copies. That this manual, specically for the printed

format, is reproduced and/or distributed for noncommercial use only. The express authorization of

Novell, Inc must be obtained prior to any other use of any manual or part thereof.

For Novell trademarks, see the Novell Trademark and Service Mark list http://www.novell

.com/company/legal/trademarks/tmlist.html. * Linux is a registered trademark of

Linus Torvalds. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. A trademark

symbol (®, ™ etc.) denotes a Novell trademark; an asterisk (*) denotes a third party trademark.

All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this

does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Novell, Inc., SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, the authors,

nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Contents

About This Guide xv

Part I Deployment 1

1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3

1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2Deployment Strategies 7

2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3Installation with YaST 17

3.1 IBM POWER: System Start-Up for Network Installation . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.3 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.4 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.5 TheBootScreen......................... 20

3.6 Language ............................ 24

3.7 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.8 MediaCheck........................... 27

3.9 LicenseAgreement........................ 27

3.10 InstallationMode......................... 28

3.11 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.12 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.13 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3.14 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.15 GraphicalLogin.......................... 44

4Remote Installation 47

4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 56

4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

5Automated Installation 85

5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 103

6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.2 Customizing the Firstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

7Advanced Disk Setup 115

7.1 LVMConguration........................ 115

7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

8System Conguration with YaST 129

8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 130

8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

8.3 Software............................ 132

8.4 Hardware............................ 146

8.5 System............................. 153

8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 164

8.7 NetworkServices........................ 165

8.8 AppArmor ........................... 172

8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

8.10 Virtualization.......................... 181

8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 182

8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 185

8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

8.14 SaX2.............................. 191

8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 197

8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

9Managing Software with ZENworks 199

9.1 Update from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 211

10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Part II Administration 239

11 OpenWBEM 241

11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 248

11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 271

12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

13 iSNS for Linux Overview 281

13.1 HowiSNSWorks......................... 281

13.2 iSNS for Linux Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

13.3 SettingUpiSNS......................... 283

13.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 287

14.1 O2CB Cluster Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

14.2 DiskHeartbeat ......................... 289

14.3 In-Memory File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

14.4 Management Utilities and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

14.5 OCFS2Packages......................... 293

14.6 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

14.7 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

14.8 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

15 Access Control Lists in Linux 301

15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

15.3 Denitions........................... 303

15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 304

15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

16 RPM—the Package Manager 313

16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 314

16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 315

16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 318

16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

17 System Monitoring Utilities 325

17.1 Debugging........................... 326

17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

17.4 Networking........................... 333

17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 334

17.6 Processes............................ 337

17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 345

18 Working with the Shell 347

18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 374

Part III System 379

19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 381

19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 382

19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 387

20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 391

20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

21 The Boot Loader 403

21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 420

21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

22 Special System Features 423

22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 430

22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

23 Printer Operation 437

23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 445

23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 453

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 461

24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 461

24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 464

24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

25 File Systems in Linux 469

25.1 Terminology........................... 469

25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

26 The X Window System 481

26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

27 Authentication with PAM 495

27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

28 Power Management 503

28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

28.2 APM.............................. 505

28.3 ACPI.............................. 507

28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

29 Wireless Communication 529

29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 529

Part IV Services 541

30 Basic Networking 543

30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

30.3 NameResolution ........................ 558

30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

30.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 579

30.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

30.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

31 SLP Services in the Network 601

31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 601

31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

32 Time Synchronization with NTP 605

32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

33 The Domain Name System 611

33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 611

33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 628

33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 635

33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

34 DHCP 637

34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

35 Using NIS 655

35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

36 LDAP—A Directory Service 663

36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 664

36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684

36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

37 Samba 699

37.1 Terminology........................... 699

37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 709

37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 715

38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728

38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728

39 File Synchronization 729

39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734

39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737

Otros manuales para LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 SP2 - ARCHITECTURE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION...

Este manual sirve para los siguientes modelos

Tabla de contenidos

Otros manuales de Software de Novell

Novell

Novell OPEN ENTERPRISE SERVER 2 SP2 - LAB GUIDE... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell SUSE LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 SP1 - 8-18-2010 VIRTUALIZATION WITH... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell EDIRECTORY 8.8 - GUIDE Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 7 - MULTI-SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION 8.0 - INTEGRATION AND STREAMING GUIDE... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 8 - MONITOR Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell eBook Reader Manual de instrucciones

Novell

Novell OPEN ENTERPRISE SERVER CLUSTER SERVICES 1.8.2 -... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS 10 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT SP3 - COMMAND LINE UTILITIES REFERENCE 10.3... Manual de programación

Novell

Novell ADMINSTUDIO 9.5 Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell OPEN WORKGROUP SUITE SMALL BUSINESS EDITION 2.0 - ... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell CLIENT FOR LINUX 2.0 SP1 - ADMINISTRATION Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 8 - MONITOR Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell IFOLDER 3.X - SECURITY ADMINISTRATOR GUIDE... Manual de servicio

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 SP1 - ARCHITECTURE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION... Manual

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 7 GATEWAY FOR MICROSOFT EXCHANGE - INSTALLATION AND... Manual de instrucciones

Novell

Novell BUSINESS CONTINUITY CLUSTERING FOR NETWARE 1.1 -... Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell BUSINESS CONTINUITY CLUSTERING 1.1 SP2 -... Manual de instrucciones

Novell

Novell ACCESS MANAGER 3.1 SP1 - ADMINISTRATION Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS PATCH MANAGEMENT 6.4 - S Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell CUSTOMER CENTER 2.3 - GUIDE 4-8-2009 Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 8 - LINUX-MAC CLIENT Manual de usuario

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 8 - SECURITY POLICIES Manual de usuario

Manuales populares de Software de otras marcas

COMPRO

COMPRO COMPROFM Manual de usuario

Muratec

Muratec OFFICEBRIDGE ONLINE Manual de usuario

Oracle

Oracle Contact Center Anywhere 8.1 Manual de usuario

Adobe

Adobe 65007312 - Photoshop Lightroom Manual

Avaya

Avaya NULL One-X for RIM Blackberry Manual de usuario

HP ProLiant BL420c Manual de usuario

PS Audio

PS Audio PowerPlay Manual del propietario

Brady

Brady LOCKOUT PRO 3.0 Manual de servicio

Avaya

Avaya Interaction Center Manual de usuario

Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments TI-83 Plus Silver Edition Manual

Oracle

Oracle Application 9i Manual de usuario

Acer

Acer RDM Manual de usuario

Canon

Canon Vixia HF21 Manual de usuario

Canon

Canon ZR950 Manual de usuario

Samsung

Samsung Auto Backup Manual de usuario

Polycom

Polycom Vortex EF2201 Instrucciones de instalación y funcionamiento

Brocade Communications Systems

Brocade Communications Systems Brocade 8/12c Manual de usuario

Lexmark

Lexmark Apps Manual de servicio