Keysight Technologies N5251A Series Manual de usuario

INSTALLATION AND SERVICE GUIDE

)

Keysight Technologies

N5251A PNA Series 2-Port and

Microwave Network Analyzer

System

(10 MHz - 110 GHz)

Use this manual in conjunction with the following

documents:

- PNA Series Network Analyzer Embedded Help

System

(Online at: https://support.keysight.com)

- PNA Series Network Analyzer Installation and

Quick Start Guide

Part Number E8356-90001

- N5227A PNA Series Microwave Network

Analyzer Service Guide

Part Number N5227-90001

- N5261A and N5262A Millimeter Head

Controller User's and Service Guide Part

Number: N5262-90001

This is the Service Guide for the N5251A 2- and 4-Port Series Microwave Network Analyzer Systems.

i Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001

Notices

2012-2023

No part of this manual may be

reproduced in any form or by any

means (including electronic storage

and retrieval or translation into a

foreign language) without prior

agreement and written consent

from Keysight Technologies, Inc. as

governed by United States and

international copyright laws.

Trademark Acknowledgments

Manual Part Number

N5251-90001

Edition

Edition 1, January 2023

Supersedes: February 2017

Printed in USA/Malaysia

Published by:

Keysight Technologies

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa

Rosa, CA 95403

Warranty

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN

THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS

IS,” AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING

CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN

FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO

THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED

BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT

DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,

EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH

REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND

ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED

HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT

LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS

FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE

FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL

OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN

CONNECTION WITH THE

FURNISHING, USE, OR

PERFORMANCE OF THIS

DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION

CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD

KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A

SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT

WITH WARRANTY TERMS

COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS

DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH

THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY

TERMS IN THE SEPARATE

AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software

described in this document are

furnished under a license and may be

used or copied only in accordance

with the terms of such license.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is “commercial

computer software,” as defined

by Federal Acquisition Regulation

(“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR

12.212 and 27.405-3 and

Department of Defense FAR

Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202,

the U.S. government acquires

commercial computer software

under the same terms by which

the software is customarily

provided to the public.

Accordingly, Keysight provides

the Software to U.S. government

customers under its standard

commercial license, which is

embodied in its End User License

Agreement (EULA), a copy of

which can be found at

http://www.keysight.com/find/sweula

The license set forth in the EULA

represents the exclusive authority

by which the U.S. government

may use, modify, distribute, or

disclose the Software. The EULA

and the license set forth therein,

does not require or permit,

among other things, that

Keysight: (1) Furnish technical

information related to

commercial computer software

or commercial computer

software documentation that is

not customarily provided to the

public; or (2) Relinquish to, or

otherwise provide, the

government rights in excess of

these rights customarily provided

to the public to use, modify,

reproduce, release, perform,

display, or disclose commercial

computer software or

commercial computer software

documentation. No additional

government requirements

beyond those set forth in the

EULA shall apply, except to the

extent that those terms, rights, or

licenses are explicitly required

from all providers of commercial

computer software pursuant to

the FAR and the DFARS and are

set forth specifically in writing

elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight

shall be under no obligation to

update, revise or otherwise

modify the Software. With

respect to any technical data as

defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant

to FAR 12.211 and 27.404.2 and

DFARS 227.7102, the U.S.

government acquires no greater

than Limited Rights as defined in

FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5

(c), as applicable in any technical

data.

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It

calls attention to an operating

procedure, practice, or the like that,

if not correctly performed or adhered

to, could result in damage to the

product or loss of important data. Do

not proceed beyond a CAUTION

notice until the indicated conditions

are fully understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard.

It calls attention to an operating

procedure, practice, or the like that,

if not correctly performed or adhered

to, could result in personal injury or

death. Do not proceed beyond a

WARNING notice until the indicated

conditions are fully understood and

met.

Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001 ii

•Enter the document’s part number (example, N5251-90001) in the Search box.

•Click Search.

•Click the appropriate hyperlink to view the document PDF.

•Print the document.

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available

for Keysight Technologies, Inc. products. For information about these agreements and

for other assistance, contact Keysight. Refer to “Contacting Keysight” on page 5-4.

Safety and Regulatory Information

The safety and regulatory information pertaining to this product is located in Chapter 1,

“Safety and Regulatory Information”.

Printing Copies of the Documentation from the Web

To print copies of documentation from the Web, download the PDF file from the

Keysight web site at: www.keysight.com

iii Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001

Contents

Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001 Contents-1

1 Safety and Regulatory Information

Safety Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

General Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Safety Earth Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Before Applying Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Electrostatic Discharge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Instrument Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Lithium Battery Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

EMC and Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

2System Description

N5251A Network Analyzer System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Basic System Measurement Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Coaxial Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Wafer Probe Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

N5261A and N5262A Millimeter Head Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Millimeter-Wave Test Head Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Theory of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

3 System Installation

Receiving the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

The System as Shipped. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Keysight Technologies Customer Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

System Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Site Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Power Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Review the Principles of Connector Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Space Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

PNA, Controller, and Test Head Module Interconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Mount PNA on Top of Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Rear Panel Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Front Panel Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Configuring the PNA Software for the N5251A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

4 System Specifications

Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

System Specifications (typical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

N5227A Rear Panel Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

N5251A Test Head Bias-Tees Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Test Head Module Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Contents-2 Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001

Contents

Physical Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Electrical Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Caring for Waveguide (WG) Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

Principles of Connector Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

Keysight Support, Services, and Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Service and Support Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Contacting Keysight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Shipping an Item to Keysight for Service or Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

6 Performance Tests and Checks

System Preparation and Analyzer Warm Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Torquing Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Long Term Storage of Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Review the Principles of Connector Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

System Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

System Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

When to Verify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6

Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

General Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Verification Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Verification Results Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-11

Interpreting the Verification Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-15

Improving the Verification Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16

Saving Verification Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16

7 Replaceable Parts

Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Replaceable Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

5 Maintenance and Support

Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001 1-1

1 Safety and Regulatory Information

1-2 Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001

Safety and Regulatory Information

Safety Symbols

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzer System

N5251A

Safety Symbols

The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with each of

the symbols and its meaning before operating this instrument.

Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly

performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument.

Do not proceed beyond a caution note until the indicated conditions are fully

understood and met.

Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly

performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond

a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

General Safety Considerations

Safety Earth Ground

This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing ground

incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket

outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective

conductor, inside or outside of the instrument, will make the instrument dangerous.

Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this product. Failure

to ensure adequate grounding by not using this cord may cause product

damage.

Before Applying Power

Make sure that the analyzer line voltage selector switch is set to the voltage of

the power supply and the correct fuse is installed.

If this product is to be energized via an autotransformer make sure the common

terminal is connected to the neutral (grounded side of the mains supply).

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2.

Servicing

These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To avoid

electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do

so.

Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001 1-3

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzer System

N5251A

Safety and Regulatory Information

General Safety Considerations

The opening of covers or removal of parts may expose dangerous voltages.

Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is opened.

Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with

the same or equivalent type recommended. Discard used batteries

according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Procedures described in this document may be performed with power

supplied to the product while protective covers are removed. Energy

available at many points may, if contacted, result in personal injury.

The power cord is connected to internal capacitors that may remain live for

10 seconds after disconnecting the plug from its power supply.

For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only with same

type and rating. The use of other fuses or material is prohibited.

The detachable power cord is the instrument disconnecting device. It

disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the

instrument. The front panel switch is only a standby switch and is not a LINE

switch (disconnecting device).

1-4 Installation and Service Guide N5251-90001

Safety and Regulatory Information

Electrostatic Discharge Protection

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzer System

N5251A

Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD) is essential while removing assemblies from or

connecting cables to the system components. Static electricity can build up on your body and

can easily damage sensitive internal circuit elements when discharged. Static discharges too

small to be felt can cause permanent damage. To prevent damage to the instrument:

•always have a grounded, conductive table mat in front of your test equipment.

•always wear a grounded wrist strap, connected to a grounded conductive table mat, having a

1 M resistor in series with it, when handling components and assemblies or when making

connections.

•always wear a heel strap when working in an area with a conductive floor. If you are uncertain

about the conductivity of your floor, wear a heel strap.

•always ground yourself before you clean, inspect, or make a connection to a static-sensitive

device or test port. You can, for example, grasp the grounded outer shell of the test port or

cable connector briefly.

•always ground the center conductor of a test cable before making a connection to the

analyzer test port or other static-sensitive device. This can be done as follows:

1. Connect a short (from your calibration kit) to one end of the cable to short the center

conductor to the outer conductor.

2. While wearing a grounded wrist strap, grasp the outer shell of the cable connector.

3. Connect the other end of the cable to the test port and remove the short from the cable.

Figure 1-1 shows a typical ESD protection setup using a grounded mat and wrist strap.

Figure 1-1 ESD Protection Setup

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