Blackbe;rry JAVA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT - - FUNDAMENTALS... Manual de usuario

BlackBerry Java Development Environment

Version: 4.7.0

Fundamentals Guide

SWDT499912-499912-1212115921-001

Contents

1 Understanding BlackBerry and programming for BlackBerry devices............................................................................... 5

Design principles for BlackBerry devices..................................................................................................................................... 5

Release cycles and versions........................................................................................................................................................... 6

BlackBerry Java Development Environment................................................................................................................................ 6

Java ME and Java APIs for BlackBerry.......................................................................................................................................... 7

Support for standard Java APIs............................................................................................................................................. 7

Support for Java API extensions........................................................................................................................................... 8

BlackBerry solutions....................................................................................................................................................................... 8

BlackBerry Enterprise Solution............................................................................................................................................. 9

BlackBerry Internet Service................................................................................................................................................... 9

BlackBerry MDS...................................................................................................................................................................... 9

2BlackBerry Java Application design.......................................................................................................................................... 10

Standalone applications................................................................................................................................................................. 10

Applications with desktop synchronization................................................................................................................................. 10

Applications with wireless access, wireless synchronization, or wireless alerting.................................................................. 10

MIDlet applications........................................................................................................................................................................ 10

CLDC applications.......................................................................................................................................................................... 11

API control and code signing........................................................................................................................................................ 12

Object modeling.............................................................................................................................................................................. 12

Multithreading................................................................................................................................................................................. 12

Best practice: Using multithreading.................................................................................................................................... 12

Best practices for writing an efficient BlackBerry Java Application......................................................................................... 13

Best practice: Writing efficient code.................................................................................................................................... 13

Best practice: Using objects judiciously.............................................................................................................................. 18

Best practice: Reducing the size of compiled code............................................................................................................ 18

Multilanguage support................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Best practice: Storing text strings in resource files............................................................................................................ 20

Multimedia support......................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Audio support.......................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Imaging support..................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Video support.......................................................................................................................................................................... 21

3 UI and navigation design........................................................................................................................................................... 22

BlackBerry device user input and navigation.............................................................................................................................. 22

Trackwheel versus Trackball.................................................................................................................................................. 22

Creating a UI that is consistent with standard BlackBerry UIs................................................................................................. 23

4 Memory management................................................................................................................................................................. 24

Managing memory.......................................................................................................................................................................... 24

BlackBerry device memory.................................................................................................................................................... 24

Key resources to reserve........................................................................................................................................................ 24

Best practice: Minimizing memory use................................................................................................................................ 25

Managing low memory availability............................................................................................................................................... 25

Identifying low memory availability on a BlackBerry device............................................................................................. 25

Conserving resources..................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Best practice: Using efficient data structure selection...................................................................................................... 25

Best practice: Consolidating objects into object groups................................................................................................... 26

Garbage collection on a BlackBerry device................................................................................................................................. 27

RAM garbage collection on a BlackBerry device................................................................................................................ 27

Full garbage collection on a BlackBerry device.................................................................................................................. 27

Idle garbage collection on a BlackBerry device.................................................................................................................. 27

5 Data management....................................................................................................................................................................... 28

Support for APIs to store data to persistent memory................................................................................................................. 28

Persistent Store APIs.............................................................................................................................................................. 28

MIDP Record management system APIs............................................................................................................................. 28

File Connections APIs............................................................................................................................................................ 28

Storage on removable media......................................................................................................................................................... 29

Accessing data on the microSD media card....................................................................................................................... 29

Backing up and synchronizing data.............................................................................................................................................. 29

6 Wireless data transport............................................................................................................................................................... 31

Wireless gateways........................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Using the BlackBerry Enterprise Server as an network gateway...................................................................................... 31

Using the wireless service provider's Internet gateway.................................................................................................... 31

Alternative data transport options................................................................................................................................................ 32

Using email to transport data............................................................................................................................................... 32

Using SMS to transport data................................................................................................................................................ 32

Using PIN messaging to transport data.............................................................................................................................. 32

7 BlackBerry application integration........................................................................................................................................... 33

Adding custom menu items........................................................................................................................................................... 33

Integrating with BlackBerry Device Software applications....................................................................................................... 33

Accessing email and organizer data............................................................................................................................................. 33

Using BlackBerry Messenger with a BlackBerry Application.................................................................................................... 33

Using listeners to respond to application changes.................................................................................................................... 34

8 Security considerations.............................................................................................................................................................. 35

Data encryption and the BlackBerry Application........................................................................................................................ 35

Data encryption in transport................................................................................................................................................. 35

Data encryption on the BlackBerry device.......................................................................................................................... 35

Access to memory........................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Authentication................................................................................................................................................................................. 36

BlackBerry device authentication and IT policy.................................................................................................................. 36

Application authentication.................................................................................................................................................... 36

Server-side authentication.................................................................................................................................................... 36

Controlled APIs and code signing................................................................................................................................................. 36

BlackBerry APIs with controlled access........................................................................................................................................ 37

IT policy support.............................................................................................................................................................................. 38

Application control.......................................................................................................................................................................... 38

File encryption on microSD cards................................................................................................................................................. 38

Encryption of data on a microSD media card..................................................................................................................... 38

Using the microSD media card with more than one BlackBerry device.......................................................................... 39

IT policies and the microSD media card.............................................................................................................................. 39

9 Test a BlackBerry Java Application........................................................................................................................................... 40

Obfuscating a BlackBerry Java Application................................................................................................................................. 40

Preverifying a BlackBerry Java Application.................................................................................................................................. 40

Testing applications on a BlackBerry Smartphone Simulator................................................................................................... 40

Testing applications on a BlackBerry device............................................................................................................................... 41

BlackBerry simulators..................................................................................................................................................................... 41

BlackBerry Smartphone Simulator....................................................................................................................................... 41

BlackBerry MDS Simulator.................................................................................................................................................... 41

BlackBerry Email Simulator................................................................................................................................................... 42

10 Making applications available................................................................................................................................................... 43

Application distribution through a computer connection.......................................................................................................... 43

Distribute an application from a computer......................................................................................................................... 43

Distribute an application from a web page......................................................................................................................... 43

Distribute an application for testing.................................................................................................................................... 43

Application distribution over the wireless network..................................................................................................................... 43

Wireless pull (user-initiated)................................................................................................................................................. 44

Wireless push (server-initiated)............................................................................................................................................ 44

11 Glossary......................................................................................................................................................................................... 45

12 Legal notice.................................................................................................................................................................................. 48

Understanding BlackBerry and programming for

BlackBerry devices 1

BlackBerry® devices provide a Java® ME wireless environment that supports client/server applications. Application developers

can create a BlackBerry® Java Application that has sophisticated UIs for data entry and searching, and that supports

multithreading, internationalization, network communication, and local data storage. Applications can communicate with

networks using standard TCP and HTTP connections, regardless of the underlying wireless network.

Application developers can also create a BlackBerry Java Application that integrates tightly with core BlackBerry device

applications, such as the message list, organizer applications, phone, and browser, for an essentially seamless user experience.

Design principles for BlackBerry devices

Applications designed for BlackBerry® devices should provide a balance between the best possible user experience and a long

battery life. When you design your BlackBerry device application, consider the differences between mobile devices and computers.

Mobile devices

• have a smaller screen size that can display a limited number of characters

• have slower processor speeds

• use wireless networks that have a longer latency period than standard LANs

• have less available memory

• have shorter battery life

• display one screen at a time

Mobile device users use applications on their mobile device differently than they would use applications on a computer. On

mobile devices, users expect to find information quickly. For example, a CRM system can provide a massive amount of information,

but users only require a small amount of that information at one time. The BlackBerry device UI is designed so that users can

perform tasks easily and access information quickly.

When you design applications for BlackBerry devices, try to be as consistent as possible with other BlackBerry device applications.

Consider the following guidelines:

• Use or extend existing UI components where possible so that your application can inherit the default behavior of the

component.

• Follow the standard navigation model as closely as possible so that users can make full use of the keyboard and trackball.

•Make all actions available from the menu. Verify that the actions available in the menu are relevant to users' current context.

When you design your application, also consider the following guidelines:

• Stay focused on users' immediate task. Simplify data selection and presentation to display only the information that users

need at any one moment.

Fundamentals Guide Understanding BlackBerry and programming for BlackBerry devices

• Display information in a way that makes effective use of the small screen.

Before you design your application, consider using the core applications on the BlackBerry device or the BlackBerry Smartphone

Simulator to learn more about the navigation model and best practices for designing your application's UI.

Release cycles and versions

All BlackBerry® devices include a specific version of the BlackBerry® Device Software and the BlackBerry® Java® Virtual Machine.

To determine the version of the BlackBerry Device Software for a BlackBerry device, in the device Options, click About. You can

upgrade the BlackBerry Device Software. For example, you can upgrade a BlackBerry device with BlackBerry Device Software

version 4.0 to BlackBerry Device Software version 4.1.

With each major release of the BlackBerry Device Software and the BlackBerry JVM, Research In Motion includes the

corresponding Java APIs and version of the BlackBerry® Java® Development Environment. The version of the BlackBerry Device

Software determines the version of the BlackBerry® Integrated Development Environment that you can use to develop

applications. For example, RIM released BlackBerry Device Software version 4.0 and BlackBerry JDE version 4.0 at the same

time. BlackBerry JDE version 4.0 includes support for the APIs that were introduced in BlackBerry Device Software version 4.0

and BlackBerry JVM version 4.0. Applications that you create using BlackBerry JDE Version 4.0 only work on BlackBerry devices

running BlackBerry Device Software version 4.0 or later.

You can use the following criteria to decide which version of the BlackBerry JDE to use to develop an application:

•If the application does not need to use specific BlackBerry device hardware features or newly released API extensions, use

BlackBerry JDE version 4.0 to develop the application.

• If the application is designed to run only on the BlackBerry® Pearl™ 8100 smartphone, use BlackBerry JDE version 4.2 or

later.

BlackBerry Java Development Environment

The BlackBerry® Java® Development Environmentis a fully integrated development and simulation environment for building a

BlackBerry® Java Application for BlackBerry devices. With the BlackBerry JDE, developers can build applications using the Java®

ME programming language and the extended Java APIs for BlackBerry.

The BlackBerry Java Development Environment includes the following development tools:

• BlackBerry® Integrated Development Environment

• BlackBerry Smartphone Simulator

• Java ME APIs and BlackBerry APIs

• sample applications

The BlackBerry IDE includes a full suite of editing and debugging tools that are optimized for the development of a BlackBerry

Java Application. TheBlackBerry Smartphone Simulator provides a complete Windows® type environment, and is designed to

simulate UIs and user interaction, network connections, email services, and wireless data synchronization.

Fundamentals Guide Release cycles and versions

The BlackBerry Java Development Environment Component Package includes the following development tools for development

within third-party IDEs such as NetBeans™ or Eclipse™:

• RAPC: You can use this command prompt compiler to compile .java and .jar files into .cod files that you can run in the

BlackBerry Smartphone Simulator or on a BlackBerry device.

•JavaLoader: You can use this tool to add or update an application on a BlackBerry device for testing, and to view information

about application .cod files.

• BlackBerry® Signature Tool: You can use this tool to send code signature requests to the BlackBerry® Signing Authority

Tool.

•Preverify Tool: You can use this tool to partially verify your classes before you load your application onto a BlackBerry device.

• JDWP: You can use this tool to debug applications using third-party integrated development environments.

Java ME and Java APIs for BlackBerry

Java® ME is an industry standard platform that defines common sets of Java APIs for different types of wireless and embedded

devices. A Java ME application on a BlackBerry® device runs in the BlackBerry® Java® Virtual Machine, which provides all of the

runtime services to the applications and performs functions such as typical memory allocations, security checks, and garbage

collection.

The Java ME MIDP standard addresses the API and BlackBerry JVM needs of a constrained wireless device with a user interface.

The BlackBerry device supports the Java ME MIDP standard as defined in JSR 118. The Java MEMIDP standard provides a core

set of Java APIs that any BlackBerry device can support, regardless of its underlying operating system. Developers can often build

one Java application using the MIDP standard APIs and run that application on many different types of devices.

Support for standard Java APIs

The BlackBerry® device and the BlackBerry® Java® Development Environment support the Java® ME MIDP standard, which

providesacoresetofJavaAPIsthatyoucanusetodevelopwirelessdeviceapplications.TheBlackBerrydeviceandtheBlackBerry®

Java® Development Environment also support the following JSRs:

• JSR 30: Connected Limited Device Configuration Version 1.0

(supported on devices with BlackBerry® Device Software version 4.0 or earlier)

• JSR 37: Mobile Information Device Profile Version 1.0

(supported on devices with BlackBerry Device Software Version 4.0 or earlier)

• JSR 75: Portable Optional Packages for the J2ME Platform (PDAP) support for the PIM APIs only and the File Connection

API for Java ME (supported on devices with BlackBerry Device Software version 4.2 or later)

• JSR 82: Java APIs for Bluetooth®

• JSR 118: Mobile Information Device Profile Version 2.0

• JSR 120: Wireless Messaging API (WMA) Version 1.1

• JSR 135: Mobile Media APIs (MM API) Version 1.1

Fundamentals Guide Java ME and Java APIs for BlackBerry

• JSR 139: Connected Limited Device Configuration Version 1.1

• JSR 172: J2ME Web Services

• JSR 177: Security and Trust Services API for J2ME (SATSA)

• JSR 179: Location API for Java ME

• JSR 185: Java Technology for the Wireless Industry (JTWI)

• JSR 205: Wireless Messaging API 2.0

• JSR 211: Content Handler API

• JSR 226: Scalable 2D Vector Graphics API for Java ME

• JSR 238: Mobile Internationalization API

Support for Java API extensions

BlackBerry® devices support the following Java® APIs that are not part of the standard JSR definitions and that can provide

greater features and functionality over what is available in the standard MIDP API libraries.

API Description

User Interface APIs You can use these APIs to create screens, menu items, and all the components of

the user interface.

Persistent Data Storage APIs You can use these APIs to store custom data locally within your application.

Networking and I/O APIs You can use these APIs to establish network connections and read or write data to

a server-side application.

Event Listeners You can use the Event Listeners to respond to BlackBerry device user or system-

initiated events on a BlackBerry device.

Application Integration APIs You can use these APIs to integrate with the existing BlackBerry email, phone,

calendar, contacts, browser, camera, media player, and task list applications.

Additional Utilities You can use these additional APIs for data encryption and compression, XML

parsing, Bluetooth® connectivity, location-based services, and so on.

BlackBerry solutions

BlackBerry® device users might use either the BlackBerry® Enterprise Server or the BlackBerry® Internet Service, or they can

useboth onthe samedevice. Understandingthe differencesbetween theBlackBerryEnterprise Serverand theBlackBerry Internet

Service, and which types of users you plan to support, is important, as it might impact which modes of transport you use and how

you manage data synchronization.

Fundamentals Guide BlackBerry solutions

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