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Agilent 6800 Series

AC Power Source/Analyzer

Product Note

Using the Agilent Technologies 6800 Series

AC Power Source/Analyzers for Generation

and Measurement

Applications:

• Simulating AC Line Sub-Cycle Dropouts

• Generating MIL-STD-704D Waveforms

• Performing IEC 555-2 Measurements

• Performing Inrush Current Measurements

• Generating User-Defined Waveforms

• Operating the Agilent 6812A and 6813A

at Low Frequencies

Introduction

This note provides information on how you can

use the features of the Agilent Technologies 6800

series ac power source/analyzers to address a

variety of applications. Although your exact appli-

cation may not be listed here, the capabilities

described can be generalized and applied to your

specific needs. The programming examples are

given in QBASIC.

These are the capabilities that are discussed and

a description of how they can be applied:

Table of Contents

Introduction to the Agilent 6800 AC Power Source/Analyzer

Agilent 6800 Series Output Transients

Agilent 6800 Series Triggering

Agilent 6800 Series Measurements

Application 1: Simulating AC Line Sub-Cycle Dropouts

Application 2: Generating MIL-STD-704D Waveforms

Application 3: Performing IEC 555-2 Measurements

Application 4: Performing Inrush Current Measurements

Application 5: Generating User-Defined Waveforms

Application 6: Operating the Agilent 6812A and 6813A

at Low Frequencies

The 6800 series ac power source/analyzers are

members of the Agilent Technologies “One-Box”

Solution power products family. These products

offer an integrated solution for ac power testing

applications.

The 6800 series combines the functionality of the

following instruments in one box:

• power amplifier

• arbitrary waveform generator

• power analyzer

• harmonic analyzer

• waveform digitizer

The power amplifier and arbitrary waveform

generator capabilities produce waveforms with

programmable amplitude, frequency, and wave-

shape. Each model has pre-programmed sine,

square, and clipped sine waveshapes. For added

flexibility, twelve user-defined waveforms can

be created and stored in non-volatile memory.

Waveforms can be programmed using the 6800

series transient generation system to simulate

sophisticated and repeatable ac line disturbances

or output sequences.

The power analyzer and harmonic analyzer capa-

bilities provide high precision measurements

including:

• rms, dc, ac+dc voltage and current

• peak voltage and current

• real, apparent, and reactive power

• harmonic analysis of voltage and current wave-

forms providing amplitude and phase up to the

50th harmonic

• total harmonic distortion

• triggered acquisition of digitized voltage and

current

The 6800 series can be used in bench or ATE appli-

cations. The fully featured front panel and built-in

GPIB and RS-232 interfaces allow you to program

waveforms, measure parameters, and monitor the

status of the ac power source/analyzer.

Each model features a SCPI (Standard Commands

for Programmable Instruments) command set. This

industry standard command set simplifies test sys-

tem development by offering command set common-

ality between all types of instrumentation. Instru-

ments performing the same function use the same

self-documenting SCPI instructions. For example,

the same commands are used to program a wave-

shape on the 6800 series ac power source/analyzers

as on a function generator. Because you spend less

time learning device commands, you can get your

application up and running faster.

The following sections of this product note explain

how to optimize your usage of the features of the

6800 series products. At the end of this product

note there are practical examples that show how

these features can be applied.

Introduction to the Agilent 6800 AC Power Source/Analyzer

A programmable output value of the ac power

source/analyzer can operate in one of four modes:

FIXED, Step, Pulse, or List. The default setting is

FIXED mode, where the output will stay “fixed” at

the programmed value until another command is

sent to change it. The remaining three operating

modes constitute the Transient Subsystem. Output

transients are used to:

• synchronize output changes with a particular

phase of the voltage waveform

• synchronize output changes with trigger signals

• simulate ac line disturbances with precise dura-

tion and phase control

• create sequences of output changes

Output transients are triggered actions and will

cause the output of the ac power source/analyzer

to react in a manner defined by the selected mode.

What Programmable Functions can be

Controlled by the Transient Subsystem?

The 6800 series provides control of many output

parameters. Most of these can be programmed as

an output transient. The following output parame-

ters are subject to transient control:

• ac output voltage

•dc output voltage (Agilent 6812A and 6813A only)

•frequency

• phase (Agilent 6834A only)

• waveform shape

• ac voltage slew rate

• dc voltage slew rate (6812A and 6813A only)

• frequency slew rate

• peak current limit (6812A and 6813A only)

• rms current limit

• dwell time (List mode only)

Upon receipt of a trigger, an output parameter set

to Step, Pulse, or List mode will transition from an

immediate level (its initial output setting) to one or

more levels (successive output settings). The num-

ber of successive output settings is, in part, what

differentiates one transient mode from another.

What is a STEP Transient?

A Step transient generates a single triggered out-

put change (from an immediate output level to

ONE successive output level) of one or more of the

output parameters subject to transient control.

Only output parameters programmed to Step mode

will be part of the triggered action. The output

will remain at the final output level once the Step

transient is complete.

What is a PULSE Transient?

A Pulse transient generates a triggered output

change that returns to its immediate output level

after a programmed time period. A Pulse transient

can also be programmed to repeat the output

change more than once or continuously.

What is a LIST Transient?

A List transient generates a sequence of output

changes. Each output change of the sequence is

called a List point. All parameters subject to tran-

sient control can be programmed at each List point.

A List can contain up to one hundred points. The

list of points can be programmed to execute once

or to repeat from one to an infinite number of times.

Agilent’s 6800 series List points can be paced by

external triggers. When paced by triggers, the out-

put will remain at a particular List point until a

trigger is received. Only then will it proceed to the

next programmed point.

List points can also be paced by individual pro-

grammable dwell time parameters associated with

every point. Only when the dwell time for a partic-

ular List point expires will it proceed to the next

List point.

Once the List is completed, the output returns to

the immediate levels.

Agilent 6800 Series Output Transients

Model of the Transient System

In ATE applications, triggers are often a conven-

ient way of synchronizing test system events and

increasing test throughput. These benefits also

apply to the triggering subsystems in the 6800

series products since these products combine the

capabilities of many test instruments. Each model

is equipped with the ability to send and receive

triggers, and to perform or initiate a multitude of

synchronized functions upon receiving a trigger.

Triggers can be used to change the output, syn-

chronize a change to a phase of a waveform cycle,

and synchronize a measurement to an output

change. The effectiveness of the triggering capability

can be shown when measuring worst case inrush

current of a switching power supply. Using the

6800 series triggering subsystem, the output can

be triggered to turn on at a phase near the peak

of the ac cycle for simulating a worst case ac line

condition. Simultaneously, the ac source can be

triggered to take current measurements to charac-

terize the behavior of the power supply under test.

In addition, triggering can be extended to external

test equipment via the Trigger Out connection.

The 6800 series has two main triggering subsystems,

one for generating transients and one for making

measurements. These two subsystems have common

trigger sources that can synchronize transient and

measurement events.

What Actions Can be Triggered?

The following actions of the 6800 series can be

triggered:

• a change in output setting

• the start of a Step, Pulse, or List transient

• the pace of a List sequence

• the acquisition of digitized voltage and current

• the synchronization of an output change to

a phase of the cycle

A programmable time delay can be specified for

triggers that generate output changes. This allows

the insertion of a specified time delay between

the receipt of the trigger and the action of the

ac power source/analyzer output.

What Can Serve as the Source of the Trigger?

The 6800 series can receive triggers from the

following sources:

The GPIB. The computer can send trigger commands

to the ac power source/analyzer. There is a short

command processing time associated with this

source.

External Trigger In. This is the 6800 series TRIGGER

IN connector. It accepts TTL levels, with the falling

edge detected as the trigger.

TTL Trigger. The TTL trigger is an internal trigger

that causes the acquisition of digitized voltage and

current data.

This internal trigger can be generated when an

output transient begins or ends, or as the result

of List step execution.

How Can Triggers be Generated?

The 6800 series can generate a trigger on the

TRIGGER OUT connector as a result of the follow-

ing actions:

• the beginning of a Step, Pulse, or List output

transient

• the completion of a Step or Pulse output

transient

• the completion of a List sequence

• the beginning of a List step

The TRIGGER OUT signal is a nominal

10-microsecond low-true pulse.

How Can the Agilent 6800 Series be Enabled

to Respond to a Trigger?

The default state of the ac power source/analyzer

is the idle state where trigger detection is disabled.

To respond to a trigger, it must be placed in the

“initiated state.” This can be done via the front

panel or over the bus. Once initiated, the ac power

source/analyzer can detect a trigger from the

selected source.

When the trigger is detected, the ac power source/

analyzer will perform the trigger action after wait-

ing any programmed trigger delay time. Upon com-

pletion of the trigger action, the ac power source/

analyzer will return to the idle state.

Agilent 6800 Series Triggering

Output Transient Trigger Model

Measurement Trigger Model

The built-in power analyzer capability offers many

voltage, current, and power measurements to the

user. While on, the ac power source/analyzers are

continuously sampling instantaneous output volt-

age and current for several output cycles and writ-

ing the data to buffers. Each buffer, one for voltage

and one for current, holds 4096 data points. The

voltage and current data is used to calculate the

requested measurement parameter. There are two

basic methods to obtain a measurement: using the

MEASure command or the FETCh command. These

commands can return a single measured parameter,

an array of voltage and current harmonic data, or

an array of the 4096 voltage or current data values.

What is a MEASure Command?

When this command is sent to the 6800 series

ac power source/analyzer, the unit begins acquir-

ing new voltage and current data into its data

buffers. Upon completing the acquisition of 4096

data points for voltage and current, the unit then

performs the required calculation to return the

requested measurement parameter. When a new

acquisition of instantaneous output voltage and

current data is desired, this command should be

used to return the requested measurement.

What is a FETCh Command?

This command allows the user to retrieve meas-

ured parameters from previously acquired voltage

and current data. For example, the FETCh com-

mand can be used after a MEASure command to

return calculated parameters from the same 4096

data points that were acquired by the MEASure

command. In addition, the FETCh command can

be used to retrieve measurement information after

triggering an acquisition of digitized voltage and

current data. This method provides the flexibility

to synchronize the data acquisition with a triggered

event, and then return many calculations from

the existing voltage and current data buffers.

Agilent 6800 Series Measurements

Pre-event and Post-event Acquisition Triggering

How Can the Acquisition of Voltage and Current

Data be Controlled?

Two characteristics of the voltage and current

acquisition can be controlled: the sample rate,

and the beginning of acquisition relative to the

trigger. The ac power source/analyzer has a sample

rate of approximately 40 kHz (a sample every 25

microseconds) as the default setting. This means

it takes approximately 100 milliseconds for the

data buffers to fill with voltage and current data

points. The sample period can be programmed

from a minimum of 25 microseconds to a maxi-

mum of 250 microseconds (at 25-microsecond

increments).

The acquisition of voltage and current data can

also be initiated relative to the acquisition trigger,

thereby enabling the capture of pre-event and

post-event data. To capture pre-event or post-event

voltage and current data, the offset of data points

relative to the trigger is programmed. The range

of offset that can be programmed is from -4096 to

2xl09points. If the offset is negative, the values at

the beginning of the data buffer represent samples

taken prior to the trigger. If the offset value is zero

(the default setting), all data is acquired directly

after the trigger. If the offset value is positive, the

acquisition of valid buffer data will be delayed

from the receipt of the trigger.

MEASure and FETCh Command Execution Diagram

The following section contains six application

examples. For each application, there is:

• An overview of the application

• A description of the Agilent 6800 series features

used to implement the application

• The advantages and benefits of the 6800 series

solution

•The details of the implementation of the solution

•A sample program in QBASIC using the National

GPIB interface card

• A description of variations on the application

(if applicable)

The following table lists the 6800 series features

used in each of the applications.

Applications

Application

123456

Transient Generation

Step mode •

Pulse mode •

List mode • •

Transient generation with a trigger delay •

Synchronization with output phase • •

User-defined waveform generation •

Voltage slew control •

Frequency slew control

Measurement and Analysis

Synchronization with transients

Harmonic analysis •

Measurement window control •

High resolution current range •

measurements

Digitized data acquisition •

Event-referenced data acquisition •

Data acquisition sample rate control •

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