ZyXEL Communications P-660 series Manual

P-660 series

Support Notes

(For P-660R-T1/T3/T7)

Version3.40

Nov. 2005

P-660 Series Support Notes

INDEX

ZyNOS FAQ.............................................................................................................3

1. What is ZyNOS?................................................................................................3

2. How do I access the Prestige SMT menu?.........................................................3

3. What is the default console port baud rate? Moreover, how do I change it? ....3

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?......................................3

5. How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via console?................................3

6. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client program

via LAN?................................................................................................................4

7. How do I upload ROMFILE via console port?..................................................4

8. How do I restore SMT configurations by using TFTP client program via LAN?

................................................................................................................................4

9. What should I do if I forget the system password?............................................4

10. How to use the Reset button?...........................................................................5

11.What is SUA? When should I use SUA?..........................................................5

12. What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT?...................................5

13. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside Internet?

If possible, how?....................................................................................................6

14. When do I need Multi-NAT?...........................................................................6

15. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?...........................................6

16. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?...................................7

17. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?...................................................7

18. Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?..................................8

19. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?...............................................8

General FAQ ............................................................................................................9

1. How can I manage P-660?.................................................................................9

2. What is the default user name and password to loging web configurator? .......9

3. How do I know the P-660's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP? .................9

4. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?......................................................9

5. The P-660 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the difference between

them ?.....................................................................................................................9

6. How do I know I am using PPPoE?.................................................................10

7. Why does my provider use PPPoE?.................................................................10

8. What is DDNS?................................................................................................10

9. When do I need DDNS service?......................................................................10

10. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-660 support DDNS wildcard? ...........11

11. Can the P-660's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec gateway?......11

12. How do I setup my P-660 for routing IPSec packets over SUA?..................11

13. What is Traffic Shaping?...............................................................................11

14. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?.......................................12

15.Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-660 ?.........................................12

ADSL FAQ .............................................................................................................13

1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems? ................................................13

2. What is the expected throughput?....................................................................13

P-660 Series Support Notes

3. What is the micro filter used for? ....................................................................13

4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?..............................................................13

5. How does the P-660 work on a noisy ADSL?.................................................13

6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based

multiplexing? .......................................................................................................14

7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?..................................14

8.What are the possible reasons when the ADSL link is down? .........................14

9.What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?.......................................14

General Application Notes....................................................................................15

1. Internet Access Using P-660 under Bridge mode............................................15

2. Internet Access Using P-660 under Router mode............................................18

3. Setup the P-660 as a DHCP Relay...................................................................21

4. SUA Notes.......................................................................................................22

5. Using Multi-NAT.............................................................................................31

6. About Filter & Filter Examples .......................................................................50

7. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)...................................................................70

8. Network Management Using SNMP...............................................................72

9. Using syslog.....................................................................................................78

10. Using IP Alias................................................................................................82

11. Using IP Policy Routing ................................................................................84

12. Using Call Scheduling ...................................................................................89

13. Using IP Multicast .........................................................................................92

14. Using Zero-Configuration..............................................................................94

Support Tool...........................................................................................................99

1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace.................................................................................99

Online Trace.........................................................................................99

Offline Trace......................................................................................104

2. Firmware/Configurations Uploading and Downloading using TFTP ...........105

Using TFTP client software...............................................................105

Using TFTP command on Windows NT...........................................106

Using TFTP command on UNIX.......................................................107

3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files........................108

Using FTP command in terminal.......................................................108

Using FTP client software .................................................................109

CI Command Reference......................................................................................112

P-660 Series Support Notes

ZyNOS FAQ

1. What is ZyNOS?

ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on all

Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is designed in a

modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features. New ZyNOS

software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites as they become

available.

2. How do I access the Prestige SMT menu?

The SMT interface is a menu driven interface, which can be accessed via a RS232

console or a Telnet connection. To access the Prestige via SMT console port, a

computer equipped with communication software such as HyperTerminal must be

configured with the following parameters.

•VT100 terminal emulation

•9600bps baud rate

•N81 data format (No Parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit)

The default console port baud rate is 9600bps, you can change it to 115200bps in

Menu 24.2.2 to speed up the SMT access.

3. What is the default console port baud rate? Moreover, how do I change it?

The default console port baud rate is 9600bps. When configuring the SMT, please

make sure the terminal baud rate is also 9600bps. You can change the console baud

rate from 9600bps to 115200bps in SMT menu 24.2.2.

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?

You can upload the firmware and configuration file to Prestige using console port,

FTP or TFTP client software. You CAN NOT upload the firmware and configuration

file via Telnet because the Telnet connection will be dropped during uploading the

firmware. Please do not power off the router right after the FTP or TFTP uploading is

finished, the router will upload the firmware to its flash at this moment.

5. How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via console?

The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via console is as follows.

a. Enter debug mode when powering on the Prestige using a terminal emulator

b. Enter 'ATUR' to start the uploading

P-660 Series Support Notes

c. Use X-modem protocol to transfer the ZyNOS code

d. Enter 'ATGO' to restart the Prestige

6. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client

program via LAN?

The Prestige allows you to transfer the firmware to Prestige by using TFTP program

via LAN. The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via TFTP is as follows.

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your Prestige.

b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' in menu 24.8 to disable console idle timeout

c. To upgrade firmware, use TFTP client program to put firmware in file 'ras' in

the Prestige. After data transfer is finished, the Prestige will program the

upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and reboot itself.

d. To backup your firmware, use the TFTP client program to get file 'ras' from

the Prestige.

7. How do I upload ROMFILE via console port?

In some situations, you may need to upload the ROMFILE, such as losing the system

password, or the need of resetting SMT to factory default.

The procedure for uploading ROMFILE via the console port is as follows.

a. Enter debug mode when powering on the Prestige using a terminal emulator

b. Enter 'ATLC' to start the uploading

c. Use X-modem protocol to transfer ROMFILE

d. Enter 'ATGO' to restart the Prestige

8. How do I restore SMT configurations by using TFTP client program via

LAN?

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your Prestige.

b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' in menu 24.8 to disable console idle timeout.

c. To backup the SMT configurations, use TFTP client program to get file

'rom-0' from the Prestige.

d. To restore the SMT configurations, use the TFTP client program to put your

configuration in file rom-0 in the Prestige.

9. What should I do if I forget the system password?

In case you forget the system password, you can erase the current configuration and

restore factory defaults in three way.

a. Use the Web Configurator.

P-660 Series Support Notes

b. Use the RESET button on the rear panel of P-660 to reset the router. After

the router is reset, the LAN IP address and the SMT password will be reset to

'192.168.1.1' and '1234'. So now you can reach the router through console

port or telnet again.

c. Upload the default ROMFILE via console port to reset the SMT to factory

default. After uploading ROMFILE, the default system password is '1234'.

10. How to use the Reset button?

a. Turn your Prestige off and then on. Make sure the SYS led is on (not blinking)

b. Press the RESET button for five seconds and then release it. If the SYS LED

begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the Prestige restarts.

11.What is SUA? When should I use SUA?

SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by Prestige router which

allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a single user

account.

When Prestige acting as SUA receives a packet from a local client destined for the

outside Internet, it replaces the source address in the IP packet header with its own

address and the source port in the TCP or UDP header with another value chosen out

of a local pool. It then recomputes the appropriate header checksums and forwards the

packet to the Internet as if it is originated from Prestige using the IP address assigned

by ISP. When reply packets from the external Internet are received by Prestige, the

original IP source address and TCP/UDP source port numbers are written into the

destination fields of the packet (since it is now moving in the opposite direction), the

checksums are recomputed, and the packet is delivered to its true destination. This is

because SUA keeps a table of the IP addresses and port numbers of the local systems

currently using it.

12. What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT?

SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2 rules,

Many-to-One and Server. The P-660 now has Full Feature NAT support to map

global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers. With multiple global IP

addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP servers) are allowed on the

LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS versions that supported SUA 'visible'

servers had to be of different types. The P-660 supports NAT sets on a remote node

basis. They are reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-660

supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default SUA (Read Only) Set in

menu 15.1.255 is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set,

sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in

previous ZyNOS versions.

P-660 Series Support Notes

13. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside Internet?

If possible, how?

Yes, it is possible because P-660 delivers the packet to the local server by looking up

to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server accessible to the outside users,

the port number and the inside IP address of the server must be configured in Menu

15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup.

14. When do I need Multi-NAT?

•Make local server accessible from outside Internet

When NAT is enabled the local computers are not accessible from outside. You can

use Multi-NAT to make an internal server accessible from outside.

•Support Non-NAT Friendly Applications

Some servers providing Internet applications such as some mIRC servers do not allow

users to login using the same IP address. Thus, users on the same network can not

No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types, thus each user login to the server

using a unique global IP address.

15. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?

NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: One to One, Many to One,

Many to Many Overload, Many to Many No Overload and Server. The details of the

mapping between ILA and IGA are described as below. Here we define the local IP

addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP addresses as the

Inside Global Address (IGA),

1. One to One

In One-to-One mode, the P-660 maps one ILA to one IGA.

2. Many to One

In Many-to-One mode, the P-660 maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to

SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that

previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA only option in today's routers).

3. Many to Many Overload

In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the P-660 maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.

P-660 Series Support Notes

4. Many One-to-One

In Many One-to-One mode, the P-660 maps each ILA to unique IGA.

5. Server

In Server mode, the P-660 maps multiple inside servers to one global IP address. This

allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind the NAT for outside

access. Note, if you want to map each server to one unique IGA please use the

One-to-One mode.

The following table summarizes these types.

NAT Type IP Mapping

One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1

Many-to-One

(SUA/PAT)

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA1

...

Many-to-Many

Overload

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA2

ILA3<--->IGA1

ILA4<--->IGA2

...

Many

One-to-One

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA2

ILA3<--->IGA3

ILA4<--->IGA4

...

Server Server 1 IP<--->IGA1

Server 2 IP<--->IGA1

16. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?

The Prestige does not limit the number of the users but the number of the sessions.

The P-660 supports 1024 sessions that you can use the 'ip nat iface wanif0 st'

command in menu 24.8 to view the current active sessions.

17. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?

In ZyNOS, the filters have been separated into two groups. One group is called

'device filter group', and the other is called 'protocol filter group'. Generic filters

belong to the 'device filter group', TCP/IP and IPX filters belong to the 'protocol filter

group'.

P-660 Series Support Notes

18. Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?

In ZyNOS, you can not mix different filter groups in the same filter set.

19. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?

The Prestige's filter sets provide a means to protect against IP spoofing attacks. The

basic scheme is as follows:

For the input data filter:

•Deny packets from the outside that claim to be from the inside

•Allow everything that is not spoofing us

Filter rule setup:

•Filter type =TCP/IP Filter Rule

•Active =Yes

•Source IP Addr =a.b.c.d

•Source IP Mask =w.x.y.z

•Action Matched =Drop

•Action Not Matched =Forward

Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your netmask:

For the output data filters:

•Deny bounceback packet

•Allow packets that originate from us

Filter rule setup:

•Filter Type =TCP/IP Filter Rule

•Active =Yes

•Destination IP Addr =a.b.c.d

•Destination IP Mask =w.x.y.z

•Action Matched =Drop

•Action No Matched =Forward

Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your netmask.

P-660 Series Support Notes

General FAQ

1. How can I manage P-660?

Menu driven user interface for easy network management Local and remote

console management

Web configurator

Telnet remote management

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) and FTP firmware upgrade and

configuration backup and restore

2. What is the default user name and password to loging web configurator?

The default user name is 'admin' and password is '1234'. You can change the

password when login to web configurator in the Advanced Setup->Password menu.

Please record your new password whenever you change it. The system will lock

you out if you have forgotten your password.

3. How do I know the P-660's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP?

You can view "My WAN IP <from ISP> : 200.1.1.1" shown in menu 24.1 to check

this IP address.

4. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?

Generally, the voice band uses the lower frequency ranging from 0 to 4KHz, while

ADSL data transmission uses the higher frequency. The micro filter acts as a low-pass

filter for your telephone set to ensure that ADSL transmissions do not interfere with

your voice transmissions. For the details about how to connect the micro filter please

refer to the user's manual.

5. The P-660 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the difference between

them ?

When the ISP limits some specific computers to access Internet, that means only the

traffic to/from these computers will be forwarded and the other will be filtered. In this

case, we use bridge mode which works as an ADSL modem to connect to the ISP.

The ISP will generally give one Internet account and limit only one computer to

access the Internet.

For most Internet users having multiple computers want to share an Internet account

for Internet access, they have to add another Internet sharing device, like a router. In

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