VMware 4817V62 - vSphere - PC Manual de instrucciones

vSphere Basic System Administration

vCenter Server 4.0

ESX 4.0

ESXi 4.0

This document supports the version of each product listed and

supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced

by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this

document, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.

EN-000105-08

vSphere Basic System Administration

2 VMware, Inc.

You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at:

http://www.vmware.com/support/

The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.

If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to:

[email protected]

intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at

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VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks

and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.

VMware, Inc.

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Contents

Updated Information 9

About This Book 11

Getting Started

1vSphere Components 15

Components of vSphere 15

vSphere Client Interfaces 17

Functional Components 17

Managed Components 19

Access Privileges Components 21

vCenter Server Modules 21

vCenter Components That Require Tomcat 22

Optional vCenter Server Components 22

2Starting and Stopping the vSphere Components 25

Start an ESX/ESXi Host 25

Reboot or Shut Down an ESX/ESXi Host 25

Stop an ESX Host Manually 26

Starting vCenter Server 26

Start the vSphere Client and Log In 27

Stop the vSphere Client and Log Out 28

vSphere Web Access 28

VMware Service Console 29

3Using vCenter Server in Linked Mode 31

Linked Mode Prerequisites 31

Linked Mode Considerations 32

Join a Linked Mode Group After Installation 32

Reconciling Roles When Connecting vCenter Server to a Linked Mode Group 33

Isolate a vCenter Server Instance from a Linked Mode Group 34

Change the Domain of a vCenter Server System in a Linked Mode Group 34

Configure the URLs on a Linked Mode vCenter Server System 34

Linked Mode Troubleshooting 35

Monitor vCenter Server Services 37

4Using the vSphere Client 39

Getting Started Tabs 40

Status Bar, Recent Tasks, and Triggered Alarms 40

Panel Sections 40

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View Virtual Machine Console 41

Searching the vSphere Inventory 41

Using Lists 42

Custom Attributes 43

Select Objects 44

Manage vCenter Server Plug-Ins 45

Save vSphere Client Data 46

5Configuring Hosts and vCenter Server 47

Host Configuration 47

Configuring vCenter Server 48

Access the vCenter Server Settings 48

Configuring Communication Among ESX, vCenter Server, and the vSphere Client 49

Configure vCenter Server SMTP Mail Settings 49

Working with Active Sessions 49

SNMP and vSphere 50

System Log Files 65

6Managing the vSphere Client Inventory 71

Understanding vSphere Client Objects 71

Add an Inventory Object 73

Moving Objects in the Inventory 74

Remove an Inventory Object 74

Browsing Datastores in the vSphere Client Inventory 75

7Managing Hosts in vCenter Server 77

About Hosts 77

Add a Host 78

Completing the Add Host Process 79

Disconnecting and Reconnecting a Host 80

Remove a Host from a Cluster 81

Understanding Managed Host Removal 81

Remove a Managed Host from vCenter Server 82

Monitoring Host Health Status 83

Virtual Machine Management

8Consolidating the Datacenter 87

Consolidation First Time Use 88

Consolidation Prerequisites 88

About Consolidation Services 91

Configuring Consolidation Settings 91

Find and Analyze Physical Systems 92

Viewing Analysis Results 93

Converting Physical Systems to Virtual Machines 93

Viewing Consolidation Tasks 94

Troubleshooting Consolidation 95

vSphere Basic System Administration

4 VMware, Inc.

9Deploying OVF Templates 99

About OVF 99

Deploy an OVF Template 99

Browse VMware Virtual Appliance Marketplace 101

Export an OVF Template 101

10 Managing VMware vApp 103

Create a vApp 103

Populate the vApp 105

Edit vApp Settings 106

Configuring IP Pools 109

Clone a vApp 111

Power On a vApp 111

Power Off a vApp 112

Edit vApp Annotation 112

11 Creating Virtual Machines 113

Access the New Virtual Machine Wizard 113

Select a Path Through the New Virtual Machine Wizard 114

Enter a Name and Location 114

Select a Resource Pool 114

Select a Datastore 115

Select a Virtual Machine Version 115

Select an Operating System 115

Select the Number of Virtual Processors 115

Configure Virtual Memory 116

Configure Networks 116

About VMware Paravirtual SCSI Adapters 116

Select a SCSI Adapter 117

Selecting a Virtual Disk Type 117

Complete Virtual Machine Creation 120

Installing a Guest Operating System 120

Installing and Upgrading VMware Tools 120

12 Managing Virtual Machines 133

Changing Virtual Machine Power States 134

Adding and Removing Virtual Machines 137

Configure Virtual Machine Startup and Shutdown Behavior 138

13 Virtual Machine Configuration 141

Virtual Machine Hardware Versions 141

Virtual Machine Properties Editor 142

Adding New Hardware 156

Converting Virtual Disks from Thin to Thick 163

14 Working with Templates and Clones 165

Creating Templates 165

Contents

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Edit a Template 167

Change Template Name 168

Deploy Virtual Machines from Templates 168

Convert Templates to Virtual Machines 169

Deleting Templates 169

Regain Templates 170

Clone Virtual Machines 170

Create a Scheduled Task to Clone a Virtual Machine 171

15 Customizing Guest Operating Systems 173

Preparing for Guest Customization 173

Customize Windows During Cloning or Deployment 175

Customize Linux During Cloning or Deployment 176

Create a Customization Specification for Linux 177

Create a Customization Specification for Windows 177

Managing Customization Specification 179

Completing a Guest Operating System Customization 180

16 Migrating Virtual Machines 183

Cold Migration 184

Migrating a Suspended Virtual Machine 184

Migration with VMotion 184

Migration with Storage VMotion 193

Migrate a Powered-Off or Suspended Virtual Machine 194

Migrate a Powered-On Virtual Machine with VMotion 195

Migrate a Virtual Machine with Storage VMotion 196

Storage VMotion Command-Line Syntax 198

17 Using Snapshots 201

About Snapshots 201

Using the Snapshot Manager 204

Restore a Snapshot 205

System Administration

18 Managing Users, Groups, Roles, and Permissions 209

Managing vSphere Users 209

Groups 210

Removing or Modifying Users and Groups 211

Best Practices for Users and Groups 211

Using Roles to Assign Privileges 211

Permissions 215

Best Practices for Roles and Permissions 222

Required Privileges for Common Tasks 223

19 Monitoring Storage Resources 225

Working with Storage Reports 225

vSphere Basic System Administration

6 VMware, Inc.

Working with Storage Maps 227

20 Using vCenter Maps 229

vCenter VMotion Maps 230

vCenter Map Icons and Interface Controls 230

View vCenter Maps 231

Print vCenter Maps 231

Export vCenter Maps 231

21 Working with Alarms 233

Alarm Triggers 234

Alarm Actions 243

Alarm Reporting 248

Creating Alarms 248

Managing Alarms 252

Managing Alarm Actions 256

Preconfigured VMware Alarms 259

22 Working with Performance Statistics 261

Statistics Collection for vCenter Server 261

vCenter Server Performance Charts 268

Monitoring and Troubleshooting Performance 273

23 Working with Tasks and Events 279

Managing Tasks 279

Managing Events 285

Appendixes

ADefined Privileges 291

Alarms 292

Datacenter 293

Datastore 293

Distributed Virtual Port Group 294

Distributed Virtual Switch 295

Extensions 296

Folders 296

Global 297

Host CIM 298

Host Configuration 298

Host Inventory 300

Host Local Operations 301

Host Profile 302

Network 302

Performance 303

Permissions 304

Resource 304

Contents

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Scheduled Task 306

Sessions 306

Tasks 307

vApp 307

Virtual Machine Configuration 309

Virtual Machine Interaction 313

Virtual Machine Inventory 316

Virtual Machine Provisioning 317

Virtual Machine State 320

BInstalling the Microsoft Sysprep Tools 321

Install the Microsoft System Preparation Tools from a Microsoft Web Site Download 321

Install the Microsoft Sysprep Tools from the Windows Operating System CD 322

CPerformance Metrics 325

Cluster Services Metrics 326

CPU Metrics 327

Disk Metrics 331

Management Agent Metrics 335

Memory Metrics 336

Network Metrics 344

Storage Utilization Metrics 346

System Metrics 347

Virtual Machine Operations Metrics 348

Index 351

vSphere Basic System Administration

8 VMware, Inc.

Updated Information

This Basic System Administration is updated with each release of the product or when necessary.

This table provides the update history of the Basic System Administration.

Revision Description

EN-000105-08 Changed a point in “Configuring Communication Among ESX, vCenter Server, and the vSphere Client,”

on page 49 section.

EN-000105-07 nThe topics “Windows Requirements for Guest Customization,” on page 174 and “Linux Requirements

for Guest Customization,” on page 175 now have reference to the vSphere Compatibility Matrixes

document for information on the list of operating system that are supported for guest OS cutomization.

nThe topic “About Snapshots,” on page 201 now reflects that VMware does not support snapshots of

virtual machines configured with bus-sharing.

nIn “Disk Metrics,” on page 331, corrected the table. The latency counters were marked as available for

V (virtual machines) and H (hosts), when they are actually only available for hosts.

nIn “Memory Metrics,” on page 336, corrected the table. The sharedcommon counter was marked as

available for V (virtual machines) and H (hosts), when it is actually only available for hosts.

EN-000105-06 nIn certain topics, removed references to Microsoft Outlook Express.

nIn “Upgrade VMware Tools Manually,” on page 128, updated Step 5to show that you do not have to

power-off the virtual machines when upgrading VMware Tools manually.

EN-000105-05 nIn “Specify an IP Address Range,” on page 109, updated the incorrect IPv4 address from 10.209.60.13

to 10.20.60.13.

nIn Chapter 17, “Using Snapshots,” on page 201, added information that you can use snapshot as a

restoration point during a linear or iterative process.

nIn “About Snapshots,” on page 201, added a link to a KB article.

nIn “Revert to Snapshot Command,” on page 205, added information about taking the snapshot when

the virtual machine is powered off.

nIn “Collection Intervals,” on page 263, updated that ESXi retains real-time statistics for one hour instead

of 30 minutes.

nIn “Disk Metrics,” on page 331, updated the Stats Type as rate and Unit as kiloBytesPerSecond in the

usage counter of the Table C-3.

EN-000105-04 nIn “Edit vApp Startup and Shutdown Options,” on page 106 the tab name is changed from Start up to

Start Order.

nA note added to “View vApp License Agreement,” on page 107 clarifies the condition required to view

the vApp license agreement.

nThe alarms Virtual Machine CPU Ready, Virtual machine disk commands canceled, and Virtual

machine disk reset are removed from the Default VMware Alarms table in “Preconfigured VMware

Alarms,” on page 259.

n“How Metrics Are Stored in the vCenter Server Database,” on page 267 now reflects that the maximum

number of years for which the vCenter Server Database can store statistical data is 5 years.

EN-000105-03 nThe list of supported guest operating systems in topic “Linux Requirements for Guest

Customization,” on page 175 has been revised.

VMware, Inc. 9

Revision Description

EN-000105-02 nThe following sentence has been removed from the note in“Change the Virtual Processor or CPU

Configuration,” on page 148: "Changing the number of processors an imported virtual machine uses

is not supported." This information no longer pertains to vSphere.

nAdded information to “About Snapshots,” on page 201 that clarifies the issue of using snapshots for

virtual machine backups.

EN-000105-01 nThe topic “Add a USB Controller to a Virtual Machine,” on page 163 now reflects that although you

can add a USB controller to a virtual machine, adding USB devices is not supported.

nChapter 16, “Migrating Virtual Machines,” on page 183 has been revised to remove references to

VMware Server. VMware Server hosts are not supported by vCenter Server.

nIn Table A-22 the description for the Host USB device privilege now reflects that adding USB devices

to virtual machines is not supported.

nMinor revisions.

EN-000105-00 Initial release.

vSphere Basic System Administration

10 VMware, Inc.

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