SAT-Kabel IRM 5 Manual de usuario

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Chemnitzer Straße 11 .09217 Burgstädt

Satelliten- und Kabelfernsehanlagen/Industrievertretung GmbH

SAT

Kabel

IRM 5

Pulse reflectometer

This instruction has been performed to the best of our knowledge. Developments and

technical amendments are subject to change without notice.

Topical made operating instructions in a PDF format can also downloaded from our Internet

homepage www.sat-kabel.de.

We thank you for buying of a product of the company SAT-Kabel

This operating instructions shall help you to understand the functions of the instrument and

to ease its use. If you have questions about this instrument or suggestions for further

improvements, please get in touch with us.

®.

Content

1. General 4

2. Delivery volume 4

4. Charging 4

5. Important Notes 5

6. Operational elements 5

7. Operating 5

7.1 Operating functions standard 5

7.2 Advanced operating functions 6

7.2.1 Pulse Amplifier 6

7.2.2 Parameter of length measurement adjust 6

7.2.3 Vertical resolution 7

7.2.4 Start mode setting 7

7.3 Change of the cable characteristic values 8

8. Measuring with the pulse reflectometer 8

8.1 Basic principle 8

8.2 Propagation factor

8.3 Length, distance measurement - for the practitioner 10

8.4 Measure the return loss - for the practitioner 12

9. Technical data 13

10. Operating scheme IRM 5 14

Measuring of the return loss 14

Measuring without return loss 15

11. Stored cable data 16

12. Cleaning 19

13. Guarantee 19

Measurement principle 4

(v/c or pulse velocity) 9

1. General

2. Delivery volume

4. Charging

3. Measurement principle

The is a impulse reflectometer, processor controlled, with LCD display for check and

locate faults in telecommunication and power cables. For a more accurate analysis the

return loss of coaxial cables is measured additionally. It is handy and easy to operate. The

special features are:

already 20 cable types are pre-programmed, additional types can be added in the

length measurement at the leading edge of the reflected pulse

return loss measurement on the reflected pulse

pulse amplification adjustable at cable bruise, bad connectors and other

components withtoo less return loss

IRM 5

1 , incl. high-quality NiMH accumulator

1 plugin charging device AC/AC

1 operating instructions

Symmetrical measuring cable with adapter

F measuring cable with adapter

Car charging cable

Plastic case

Imitation leather bag

Protective housing green, with carrying strap

IRM 5

optional available:

SMK-IRM

MKA 150HQ

KFZ-LK

TKSI

KLT

SGW

Connect the plugin charging device (containing in

the delivery volume) to the charging socket of the

IRM 7 (ø5.5/2.1 mm, plus pole inside). The power

supply voltage (11...24 V) and charging control is

shown on the display.

Fed into a cable measuring pulses are reflected by the inhomogenities of the cable

impedance (cable fault) and made visible on the display. From the form and the time

displacement of the reflection, the nature of the fault and the fault distance can be

determined. It is also advisable to acquire practical experience by sample

measurements.

3 Operating keys

LCD-Display

Charging socket

Measuring socket

123

down up mode

123

down up mode

= push long the single key >1 s

(here key 3)

= simultaneously push long two keys >1 s

(here keys 1 and 2)

= simultaneously push long two keys >1 s

(here keys 1 and 3 – reserved for storage)

= push shortly the single key (here key 3)

= push shortly one of the two keys

(here key 2 or 1 – one step forward /back)

5. Important notes

6. Operational elements

•

• Do not expose incident solar radiation, heath and extreme coldness!

• The working temperature range is 0 °C until +40 °C

• Avoid shocks by bumps or falling down. We recommend the use of the

imitation leather bag.

• The F-measuring socket is a high-quality component. This one is

designed for a maximum diameter of 1.1 mm of the inner conductor. We

recommend for a good care of the socket to use a measuring cable with

F-connector plus an according adapter.

Measurement only on strain-free objects!

Switch on |

Push button 1 and then button 2.Now select with buttons 1 and

2 to the desired cable type and then press button 3 –

Propagation factor and cable loss are preset for the

measurement

Push button 1 and then button 3, selection of the cable type is

skipped –propagation factor and cable loss must be yet adjusted

manually to measure .

7. Operating

7.1 Operating functions standard

7.2 Advanced operating functions

7.2.1 Pulse amplifier

7.2.2 Parameter of length measurement adjust

Resolution | Firstly can be adjusted in the menu the resolution of the trace in steps. By

long pressing of the button 3 - until the icons appear inverted - you get to the first

parameter of the measurement. Here can be set with the buttons 1 or 2 the required

value.

During switching on the state of charge of the battery in the display will briefly appear

(battery is full: ca. 7 V, low battery: ca. 5.5 V). After switching on the is the length

measurement mode. Here enter additional settings for the measurement to be made

(see 8.2).

Push buttons 2 and 3 simultaneously until display disappears

Without operation the device switches off itself after four minutes. If the battery voltage

drop to 5.9 volts, there is a fade-in on the display. At 5.5 V the device switches off to

protect the battery.

IRM 5

Switch off

Move the cursor

Save settings

button 1 »down« press briefly – one step left

button 2 »up« press briefly – one step to the right

Hold down for quick cursor movement the respective key

button 3 »mode« push long (L) – a menu item continue

button 3 »mode« push short (K) – a menu item back

push button 1 and 3 simultaneously– the previous settings will

remain permanent

To increase the sensitivity of the , the gain can be adjusted in 4-dB steps from 0 to

36 dB. The gain »V« is starting from the length display to select by shortly pressing the

button 3. With the buttons 1 and 2 the gain can be stepwise changed. Set it back by a

short push on button 3.

IRM 5

propagation factor

Filter

pulse width

Resolution

measuring trace

(without reflection)

transmit pulse (0,0 m)

Cursor

7.2.3 Vertical resolution

By long pushing of the keys 1 and 2 the zoom can be switched on or off. Referred to the

operating scheme on page 6 and 7, the zoom only can used to functions under the dashed

line. If the zoom is switched on, the entire display is used for the display of the measuring

curve. An already set gain keeps remained. The zoom can switch off by a repeated long

pushing of the keys 1 and 2.

If you want immediately after switching on the to have a certain setting of the

resolution available, it will be stored by pressing button 1 and 3.

IRM 7

Pulse width|

Filter |

Storage space for propagation factors |

Propagation factor|

After repeated long pressing of button 3 (until icon inverted), the pulse

width can be changed. Rule of thumb: short cable - short pulse

Next lets switch a filter. This can make at a restless trace by interference from

external voltages a better visibility. The disadvantage of pulse reflectometer is generally:

The presentation of the measured curve is delayed. In our case, at about three seconds.

The next setting option is to select a stored

propagation factor. If the propagation factor is not already selected when switched on or

it will need a change in use, this can be done here.

As the last the propagation factor can be adjusted manually by

repeatedly long press of the button 3. The propagation factor must always be set

accordingly before measuring the cable.

If the necessary settings have been made, by briefly pressing button 3 the parameter

settings are stepwise leaving again.

7.2.4 Setting start mode

0.80 / 3.50 CPE

P: 1 v/c=0.83 5.7 dB

8. Measuring with the pulse reflectometer

8.1 Basic principle

The basic physical principle is the echo. There are here signals sent out in e.g. the form

of sound. If they hit an obstacle, then a part of it is sent back again, therefore reflected.

Simple examples are the echo of a rock wall or the sonar in the maritime.

This principle works the same as well on electric lines. Only one takes as a signal

electrical pulses - one can not call into a cable. It therefore is sent these impulses into a

cable and must only measure the time after which a reflection of it arrives

7.3 Change of the cable characteristic values

1|To enter the programming mode, when switched off the device, the buttons 1 +2 are

to press simultaneously so long until the display of the memory locations appear.

By shortly pressing of the button 3 parameter to be changed are to be selected

(inverted display) and to change by the buttons 1 and 2. Unused memory locations can

be displayed and disappear here with the parameter »ON« or »OFF«. Disappeared

storage locations do not appear when switching on.

The adjustable parameters are:

0.80 – diameter inner conductor

3.50 – diameter screening

CPE – dielectric

ON/OFF – memory location displayed/disappeared

P: 1 – memory location (e. g. 1)

v/c=0.83 – propagation factor – 0.83 here

5.7 dB – cable attenuation at 100 m at 50 MHz

The saving is done by simultaneously pressing buttons 1 and 3 – DO NOT FORGET!|

If necessary the cable parameters can be changed in the memory locations or also add

new ones. It is essential to ensure to work very carefully, because these values are

critical for each measurement. It may happen, for example, that the propagation factor

must be determined first. A method is described under item 8.2.

back at the sending point. To get accurate results, you need to pay attention to

something: e. g., that the cable offers a resistance to the signals. This in turn depends on

the structure of the cable. There is except of the cable loss still a very important

parameter - the propagation factor. Very important for coaxial cable is the characteristic

impedance and consequently the adaptation or matching. On this basis the

measurements are made.

For the practitioner the inner workings of a pulse reflectometer is not essential. The

manufacturer takes care of this. More important is to get involved with the process of a

practical measurement. For it must be said in advance that measurements with a pulse

reflectometer the most diverse displays shown. Therefore practical experiences that

include test measurements and tests, are a prerequisite for reliable interpretation of the

displayed waveforms. Here applies the old saw »Practice makes perfect!«

Before to further details still 3 basic principles in practice:

• Only measure on de-energized cables!

The input of the device is NOT designed for high voltages (max. 65 V )

• If possible measure of both cable ends. This increases the accuracy.

• Work for longer cables with an assistant. It simplifies recognition of the

correct cable end

AC/DC

8.2 Propagations factor (v/c or pulse velocity)

The Propagation factor (v/c or pulse velocity) declares the velocity of electrical signals in

the cable in relation to the speed of light.The propagation factor of the cable under test must

always preset before the length measurement. If the propagation factor is unknown, a

approximate value is set and the fault is determined from both ends of the cable

Power cables 0.49–0,57, (ca. 0.53)

Coaxial cable with PE dielectric 0.66

Coaxial cable with foam-PE 0.77–0.85

Air isolation 0.88–0.92

ropagations factors of standard cable

Measuring of the propagation factor (v/c) of the cable

Connect a cable with known length (e.g. 100 m) on the . Set the cursor on the cable

length and change the propagation factor so that the pulse echo appears behind the cursor.

IRM 5

Measuring cursor

determined length propagation factor

8.3 Length and distance measurement - for the practitioner

The main application of a pulse reflectometer is determining the cable length, either the

length of a laid cable or the distance routed to a certain modification, such as cable

failure, inserted component. There are only two ideal states:

1. The cable matches - only transmit pulse recognizable

Resistance equal to 75 ohms (coaxial cable)

2. The cable has mismatches - there will be reflections

The 2. state in turn knows also two ideal cases:

1. The cable end is open - the transmit pulse and reflection

Resistance is greater than 75 ohms - reflected pulse upward

2. The cable end is shorted - transmit pulse and reflection

Resistance is less than 75 ohm - reflected pulse down

On the basis of this behavior can quickly an open or a shorted cable end are recognized.

Even in longer cables if the open end is short-circuited by an assistant at intervals, so

the cable end can be seen by changing deflection of the reflected pulse from top to

bottom and vice versa clearly.

Now missing is the distance to the reflection point, so the cable end or the defective part

in the cable or a component (connector, tap, etc.). For it the cursor is required. This is

positioned with buttons 1 and 2 to the leading edge of the first recognizable reflection.

Immediately to the left bottom of the screen is displayed the distance in meters.

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