Red Hat GFS 6.1 - Manual de servicio

Red Hat GFS 6.1

Administrator’s Guide

Red Hat GFS 6.1: Administrator’s Guide

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Table of Contents

Introduction........................................................................................................................ i

1. Audience .............................................................................................................. i

2. Document Conventions........................................................................................ i

3. More to Come .................................................................................................... iv

3.1. Send in Your Feedback ....................................................................... iv

4. Activate Your Subscription ..................................................................................v

4.1. Provide a Red Hat Login.......................................................................v

4.2. Provide Your Subscription Number .................................................... vi

4.3. Connect Your System.......................................................................... vi

5. Recommended References................................................................................. vi

1. GFS Overview ................................................................................................................1

1.1. New and Changed Features...............................................................................1

1.2. Performance, Scalability, and Economy ...........................................................3

1.2.1. Superior Performance and Scalability ...............................................3

1.2.2. Performance, Scalability, Moderate Price..........................................4

1.2.3. Economy and Performance ................................................................5

1.3. GFS Functions ..................................................................................................6

1.4. GFS Software Subsystems................................................................................7

1.5. Before Setting Up GFS .....................................................................................9

2. System Requirements ..................................................................................................11

2.1. Platform Requirements ...................................................................................11

2.2. Red Hat Cluster Suite......................................................................................11

2.3. Fencing............................................................................................................12

2.4. Fibre Channel Storage Network......................................................................12

2.5. Fibre Channel Storage Devices.......................................................................12

2.6. Network Power Switches ................................................................................13

2.7. Console Access ...............................................................................................13

3. Installing GFS ..............................................................................................................15

3.1. Installing the Red Hat Cluster Suite Packages................................................15

3.1.1. Automatic RPM Installation ............................................................16

3.1.2. Custom RPM Installation.................................................................17

4. Getting Started .............................................................................................................27

4.1. Prerequisite Tasks ...........................................................................................27

4.2. Initial Setup Tasks...........................................................................................27

5. Managing GFS .............................................................................................................29

5.1. Making a File System .....................................................................................29

5.1.1. Usage................................................................................................29

5.1.2. Examples..........................................................................................30

5.1.3. Complete Options ............................................................................31

5.2. Mounting a File System..................................................................................32

5.2.1. Usage................................................................................................32

5.2.2. Example ...........................................................................................33

5.2.3. Complete Usage...............................................................................33

5.3. Unmounting a File System .............................................................................35

5.3.1. Usage................................................................................................35

5.4. GFS Quota Management.................................................................................36

5.4.1. Setting Quotas..................................................................................36

5.4.2. Displaying Quota Limits and Usage................................................37

5.4.3. Synchronizing Quotas......................................................................39

5.4.4. Disabling/Enabling Quota Enforcement ..........................................40

5.4.5. Disabling/Enabling Quota Accounting............................................41

5.5. Growing a File System....................................................................................42

5.5.1. Usage................................................................................................43

5.5.2. Comments ........................................................................................43

5.5.3. Examples..........................................................................................43

5.5.4. Complete Usage...............................................................................44

5.6. Adding Journals to a File System ...................................................................44

5.6.1. Usage................................................................................................45

5.6.2. Comments ........................................................................................45

5.6.3. Examples..........................................................................................45

5.6.4. Complete Usage...............................................................................46

5.7. Direct I/O ........................................................................................................47

5.7.1. O_DIRECT ........................................................................................47

5.7.2. GFS File Attribute............................................................................47

5.7.3. GFS Directory Attribute ..................................................................48

5.8. Data Journaling ...............................................................................................49

5.8.1. Usage................................................................................................49

5.8.2. Examples..........................................................................................50

5.9. Conﬁguring atime Updates ...........................................................................50

5.9.1. Mount with noatime.......................................................................50

5.9.2. Tune GFS atime Quantum .............................................................51

5.10. Suspending Activity on a File System ..........................................................52

5.10.1. Usage..............................................................................................52

5.10.2. Examples........................................................................................53

5.11. Displaying Extended GFS Information and Statistics ..................................53

5.11.1. Usage..............................................................................................53

5.11.2. Examples........................................................................................54

5.12. Repairing a File System................................................................................54

5.12.1. Usage..............................................................................................55

5.12.2. Example .........................................................................................55

5.13. Context-Dependent Path Names ...................................................................55

5.13.1. Usage..............................................................................................55

5.13.2. Example .........................................................................................57

6. Using GNBD with Red Hat GFS ................................................................................59

6.1. GNBD Driver and Command Usage ..............................................................59

6.1.1. Exporting a GNBD from a Server ...................................................60

6.1.2. Importing a GNBD on a Client........................................................61

6.2. Running GFS on a GNBD Server Node .........................................................61

A. Upgrading GFS ...........................................................................................................63

Index..................................................................................................................................67

Colophon...........................................................................................................................71

Introduction

Welcome to the Red Hat GFS Administrator’s Guide. This book provides information

about installing, conﬁguring, and maintaining Red Hat GFS (Red Hat Global File Sys-

tem). Red Hat GFS depends on the cluster infrastructure of Red Hat Cluster Suite. For

information about Red Hat Cluster Suite refer to Red Hat Cluster Suite Conﬁguring and

Managing a Cluster.

HTML and PDF versions of all the ofﬁcial Red Hat Enterprise Linux manuals and release

notes are available online at http://www.redhat.com/docs/.

1. Audience

This book is intended primarily for Linux system administrators who are familiar with the

following activities:

•Linux system administration procedures, including kernel conﬁguration

•Installation and conﬁguration of shared storage networks, such as Fibre Channel SANs

2. Document Conventions

In this manual, certain words are represented in different fonts, typefaces, sizes, and

weights. This highlighting is systematic; different words are represented in the same style

to indicate their inclusion in a speciﬁc category. The types of words that are represented

this way include the following:

command

Linux commands (and other operating system commands, when used) are represented

this way. This style should indicate to you that you can type the word or phrase on

the command line and press [Enter] to invoke a command. Sometimes a command

contains words that would be displayed in a different style on their own (such as ﬁle

names). In these cases, they are considered to be part of the command, so the entire

phrase is displayed as a command. For example:

Use the cat testfile command to view the contents of a ﬁle, named testfile,

in the current working directory.

file name

File names, directory names, paths, and RPM package names are represented this

way. This style indicates that a particular ﬁle or directory exists with that name on

your system. Examples:

ii Introduction

The .bashrc ﬁle in your home directory contains bash shell deﬁnitions and aliases

for your own use.

The /etc/fstab ﬁle contains information about different system devices and ﬁle

systems.

Install the webalizer RPM if you want to use a Web server log ﬁle analysis program.

application

This style indicates that the program is an end-user application (as opposed to system

software). For example:

Use Mozilla to browse the Web.

[key]

A key on the keyboard is shown in this style. For example:

To use [Tab] completion, type in a character and then press the [Tab] key. Your termi-

nal displays the list of ﬁles in the directory that start with that letter.

[key]-[combination]

A combination of keystrokes is represented in this way. For example:

The [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[Backspace] key combination exits your graphical session and returns

you to the graphical login screen or the console.

text found on a GUI interface

A title, word, or phrase found on a GUI interface screen or window is shown in this

style. Text shown in this style indicates that a particular GUI screen or an element on

a GUI screen (such as text associated with a checkbox or ﬁeld). Example:

Select the Require Password checkbox if you would like your screensaver to require

a password before stopping.

top level of a menu on a GUI screen or window

A word in this style indicates that the word is the top level of a pulldown menu. If you

click on the word on the GUI screen, the rest of the menu should appear. For example:

Under File on a GNOME terminal, the New Tab option allows you to open multiple

shell prompts in the same window.

Instructions to type in a sequence of commands from a GUI menu look like the fol-

lowing example:

Go to Applications (the main menu on the panel) => Programming => Emacs Text

Editor to start the Emacs text editor.

Introduction iii

button on a GUI screen or window

This style indicates that the text can be found on a clickable button on a GUI screen.

For example:

Click on the Back button to return to the webpage you last viewed.

computer output

Text in this style indicates text displayed to a shell prompt such as error messages and

responses to commands. For example:

The ls command displays the contents of a directory. For example:

Desktop about.html logs paulwesterberg.png

Mail backupfiles mail reports

The output returned in response to the command (in this case, the contents of the

directory) is shown in this style.

prompt

A prompt, which is a computer’s way of signifying that it is ready for you to input

something, is shown in this style. Examples:

[stephen@maturin stephen]$

leopard login:

user input

Text that the user types, either on the command line or into a text box on a GUI screen,

is displayed in this style. In the following example, text is displayed in this style:

To boot your system into the text based installation program, you must type in the

text command at the boot: prompt.



replaceable



Text used in examples that is meant to be replaced with data provided by the user

is displayed in this style. In the following example,



version-number



is dis-

played in this style:

The directory for the kernel source is /usr/src/kernels/



version-number



where



version-number



is the version and type of kernel installed on this

system.

Additionally, we use several different strategies to draw your attention to certain pieces of

information. In order of urgency, these items are marked as a note, tip, important, caution,

or warning. For example:

iv Introduction

Note

Remember that Linux is case sensitive. In other words, a rose is not a ROSE is not a

rOsE.

Tip

The directory /usr/share/doc/ contains additional documentation for packages installed

on your system.

Important

If you modify the DHCP conﬁguration ﬁle, the changes do not take effect until you restart

the DHCP daemon.

Caution

Do not perform routine tasks as root — use a regular user account unless you need to

use the root account for system administration tasks.

Warning

Be careful to remove only the necessary partitions. Removing other partitions could result

in data loss or a corrupted system environment.

3. More to Come

The Red Hat GFS Administrator’s Guide is part of Red Hat’s growing commitment to

provide useful and timely support to Red Hat Enterprise Linux users.

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