Red Hat CLUSTER MANAGER - INSTALLATION AND Manual de instrucciones

Red Hat Cluster Manager

The Red Hat Cluster Manager Installation and

Administration Guide

ISBN: N/A

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iii

Acknowledgments

The Red Hat Cluster Manager software was originally based on the open source Kimberlite

http://oss.missioncriticallinux.com/kimberlite/ cluster project which was developed by Mission

Critical Linux, Inc.

Subsequent to its inception based on Kimberlite, developers at Red Hat have made a large number

of enhancements and modifications. The following is a non-comprehensive list highlighting some of

these enhancements.

• Packaging and integration into the Red Hat installation paradigm in order to simplify the end user’s

experience.

• Addition of support for high availability NFS services.

• Addition of support for high availability Samba services.

• Addition of support for using watchdog timers as a data integrity provision

• Addition of service monitoring which will automatically restart a failed application.

• Rewrite of the service manager to facilitate additional cluster-wide operations.

• Addition of the Red Hat Cluster Manager GUI, a graphical monitoring tool.

• A set of miscellaneous bug fixes.

The Red Hat Cluster Manager software incorporates STONITH compliant power switch modules

from the Linux-HA project http://www.linux-ha.org/stonith/.

Contents

Red Hat Cluster Manager

Acknowledgments........................................................................ iii

Chapter 1 Introduction to Red Hat Cluster Manager........... 7

1.1 Cluster Overview ................................................................. 7

1.2 Cluster Features.................................................................. 9

1.3 How To Use This Manual ........................................................ 12

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Operating System

Configuration............................................................. 13

2.1 Choosing a Hardware Configuration ........................................... 13

2.2 Steps for Setting Up the Cluster Systems ..................................... 30

2.3 Steps for Installing and Configuring the Red Hat Linux Distribution ........ 33

2.4 Steps for Setting Up and Connecting the Cluster Hardware................. 39

Chapter 3 Cluster Software Installation and Configuration 55

3.1 Steps for Installing and Initializing the Cluster Software...................... 55

3.2 Checking the Cluster Configuration............................................. 62

3.3 Configuring syslog Event Logging .............................................. 65

3.4 Using the cluadmin Utility........................................................ 67

Chapter 4 Service Configuration and Administration......... 73

4.1 Configuring a Service ............................................................ 73

4.2 Displaying a Service Configuration............................................. 77

4.3 Disabling a Service............................................................... 79

4.4 Enabling a Service ............................................................... 79

4.5 Modifying a Service .............................................................. 80

4.6 Relocating a Service ............................................................. 80

4.7 Deleting a Service................................................................ 81

4.8 Handling Services that Fail to Start............................................. 81

Chapter 5 Database Services.................................................. 83

5.1 Setting Up an Oracle Service ................................................... 83

5.2 Tuning Oracle Services .......................................................... 91

5.3 Setting Up a MySQL Service.................................................... 92

5.4 Setting Up a DB2 Service ....................................................... 96

Chapter 6 Network File Sharing Services............................. 103

6.1 Setting Up an NFS Service...................................................... 103

6.2 Setting Up a High Availability Samba Service................................. 112

Chapter 7 Apache Services..................................................... 123

7.1 Setting Up an Apache Service .................................................. 123

Chapter 8 Cluster Administration .......................................... 129

8.1 Displaying Cluster and Service Status ......................................... 129

8.2 Starting and Stopping the Cluster Software ................................... 132

8.3 Removing a Cluster Member.................................................... 132

8.4 Modifying the Cluster Configuration ............................................ 133

8.5 Backing Up and Restoring the Cluster Database ............................. 133

8.6 Modifying Cluster Event Logging ............................................... 134

8.7 Updating the Cluster Software .................................................. 135

8.8 Reloading the Cluster Database................................................ 136

8.9 Changing the Cluster Name..................................................... 136

8.10 Reinitializing the Cluster ......................................................... 136

8.11 Disabling the Cluster Software.................................................. 137

8.12 Diagnosing and Correcting Problems in a Cluster ............................ 137

Chapter 9 Configuring and using the Red Hat Cluster

Manager GUI............................................................... 145

9.1 Setting up the JRE ............................................................... 145

9.2 Configuring Cluster Monitoring Parameters ................................... 146

9.3 Enabling the Web Server ........................................................ 147

9.4 Starting the Red Hat Cluster Manager GUI.................................... 147

Appendix A Supplementary Hardware Information ................ 151

A.1 Setting Up Power Switches...................................................... 151

A.2 SCSI Bus Configuration Requirements ........................................ 160

A.3 SCSI Bus Termination............................................................ 161

A.4 SCSI Bus Length ................................................................. 162

A.5 SCSI Identification Numbers .................................................... 162

A.6 Host Bus Adapter Features and Configuration Requirements............... 163

A.7 Tuning the Failover Interval...................................................... 168

Appendix B Supplementary Software Information ................. 171

B.1 Cluster Communication Mechanisms .......................................... 171

B.2 Cluster Daemons................................................................. 172

B.3 Failover and Recovery Scenarios............................................... 173

B.4 Cluster Database Fields ......................................................... 177

B.5 Using Red Hat Cluster Manager with Piranha................................. 179

Section 1.1:Cluster Overview 7

1 Introduction to Red Hat Cluster

Manager

The Red Hat Cluster Manager is a collection of technologies working together to provide data in-

tegrity and the ability to maintain application availability in the event of a failure. Using redundant

hardware, shared disk storage, power management, and robust cluster communication and application

failover mechanisms, a cluster can meet the needs of the enterprise market.

Specially suited for database applications, network file servers, and World Wide Web (Web) servers

with dynamic content, a cluster can also be used in conjunction with the Piranha load balancing cluster

software, based on the Linux Virtual Server (LVS) project, to deploy a highly available e-commerce

site that has complete data integrity and application availability, in addition to load balancing capabil-

ities. See Section B.5, Using

Red Hat Cluster Manager

with Piranha for more information.

1.1 Cluster Overview

To set up a cluster, an administrator must connect the cluster systems (often referred to as member

systems) to the cluster hardware, and configure the systems into the cluster environment. The foun-

dation of a cluster is an advanced host membership algorithm. This algorithm ensures that the cluster

maintains complete data integrity at all times by using the following methods of inter-node commu-

nication:

•Quorum partitions on shared disk storage to hold system status

• Ethernet and serial connections between the cluster systems for heartbeat channels

To make an application and data highly available in a cluster, the administrator must configure a clus-

ter service — a discrete group of service properties and resources, such as an application and shared

disk storage. A service can be assigned an IP address to provide transparent client access to the ser-

vice. For example, an administrator can set up a cluster service that provides clients with access to

highly-available database application data.

Both cluster systems can run any service and access the service data on shared disk storage. However,

each service can run on only one cluster system at a time, in order to maintain data integrity. Adminis-

trators can set up an active-active configuration in which both cluster systems run different services,

or a hot-standby configuration in which a primary cluster system runs all the services, and a backup

cluster system takes over only if the primary system fails.

8 Chapter 1:Introduction to Red Hat Cluster Manager

Figure 1–1 Example Cluster

Figure 1–1, Example Cluster shows an example of a cluster in an active-active configuration.

If a hardware or software failure occurs, the cluster will automatically restart the failed system’s ser-

vices on the functional cluster system. This service failover capability ensures that no data is lost,

and there is little disruption to users. When the failed system recovers, the cluster can re-balance the

services across the two systems.

In addition, a cluster administrator can cleanly stop the services running on a cluster system and then

restart them on the other system. This service relocation capability enables the administrator to main-

tain application and data availability when a cluster system requires maintenance.

Section 1.2:Cluster Features 9

1.2 Cluster Features

A cluster includes the following features:

• No-single-point-of-failure hardware configuration

Clusters can include a dual-controller RAID array, multiple network and serial communication

channels, and redundant uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems to ensure that no single fail-

ure results in application down time or loss of data.

Alternately, a low-cost cluster can be set up to provide less availability than a no-single-point-of-

failure cluster. For example, an administrator can set up a cluster with a single-controller RAID

array and only a single heartbeat channel.

Note

Certain low-cost alternatives, such as software RAID and multi-initiator

parallel SCSI, are not compatible or appropriate for use on the shared

cluster storage. Refer to Section 2.1, Choosing a Hardware Configura-

tion, for more information.

• Service configuration framework

Clusters enable an administrator to easily configure individual services to make data and appli-

cations highly available. To create a service, an administrator specifies the resources used in the

service and properties for the service, including the service name, application start and stop script,

disk partitions, mount points, and the cluster system on which an administrator prefers to run the

service. After the administrator adds a service, the cluster enters the information into the cluster

database on shared storage, where it can be accessed by both cluster systems.

The cluster provides an easy-to-use framework for database applications. For example, a database

service serves highly-available data to a database application. The application running on a cluster

system provides network access to database client systems, such as Web servers. If the service

fails over to another cluster system, the application can still access the shared database data. A

network-accessible database service is usually assigned an IP address, which is failed over along

with the service to maintain transparent access for clients.

The cluster service framework can be easily extended to other applications, as well.

• Data integrity assurance

To ensure data integrity, only one cluster system can run a service and access service data at one

time. Using power switches in the cluster configuration enable each cluster system to power-cycle

the other cluster system before restarting its services during the failover process. This prevents

10 Chapter 1:Introduction to Red Hat Cluster Manager

the two systems from simultaneously accessing the same data and corrupting it. Although not

required, it is recommended that power switches are used to guarantee data integrity under all

failure conditions. Watchdog timers are an optional variety of power control to ensure correct

operation of service failover.

• Cluster administration user interface

A user interface simplifies cluster administration and enables an administrator to easily create,

start, stop, relocate services, and monitor the cluster.

• Multiple cluster communication methods

To monitor the health of the other cluster system, each cluster system monitors the health of the

remote power switch, if any, and issues heartbeat pings over network and serial channels to mon-

itor the health of the other cluster system. In addition, each cluster system periodically writes a

timestamp and cluster state information to two quorum partitions located on shared disk storage.

System state information includes whether the system is an active cluster member. Service state

information includes whether the service is running and which cluster system is running the ser-

vice. Each cluster system checks to ensure that the other system’s status is up to date.

To ensure correct cluster operation, if a system is unable to write to both quorum partitions at

startup time, it will not be allowed to join the cluster. In addition, if a cluster system is not updating

its timestamp, and if heartbeats to the system fail, the cluster system will be removed from the

cluster.

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