PASCO PASPORT PS-2152 Manual de usuario

Instruction Manual

No. 012-08856A

Spirometer

PS-2152

Introduction

The PASPORT Spirometer allows students to collect accurate air-flow data from a pulmonary

function test (PFT). The subject breathes through a sanitary, single-use mouthpiece as data is

recorded and displayed on your computer or PASPORT interface. From the graphed data

students can measure tidal volume, forced expiratory volume, and other important lung

volumes and capacities.

Included Equipment Part Number

Electronics enclosure and handle PS-2152

Single-use mouthpiece (2 included) PS-2522 (10-pack)

CD-ROM containing DataStudio workbook files 013-09084

Additional Equipment Required

PASPORT interface See PASCO catalog or www.pasco.com

DataStudio or DataStudio Lite

(required for computer-based data collection)

See PASCO catalog or www.pasco.com

DS Lite available for free download

Additional Equipment Recommended

Additional single-use mouthpieces PS-2522 (10-pack)

PS-2152

WAIT READY

Spirometer How it works

2®

How it works

When the test subject breathes through the mouthpiece, a screen in the

mouthpiece induces a minute resistance to the air flow. This resistance

leads to a pressure differential across the screen that is measured via two air

lines that lead to a differential pressure transducer in the electronics

enclosure. The Spirometer contains onboard reference data of differential

pressures from known flow rates (a non-linear relationship). It determines

the test subject's flow rate by comparing the measured differential pressure

to the stored reference data. It calculates volume exchanged by integrating

the flow rate over time.

Sensor Setup

Connect a mouthpiece to the handle; note the small pin on the mouthpiece

and the aligning notch on the handle. Connect the electronics enclosure of

the sensor to your PASPORT interface.

(When you remove a used mouthpiece, pull it straight out from the handle

without rocking or wiggling it.)

Data Collection

Option 1:

DataStudio Workbook File

On your computer, open the DataStudio file “Spirometer PFT.”*This file is

configured to collect and display data for a pulmonary function test. On-

screen instructions will guide students through data collection and analysis.

Students can review the test procedure and interpretation of PFT data by

completing the workbook, “Spirometer Background” before starting

“Spirometer PFT.”

Option 2:

If you are not using the workbook file

Your PASPORT interface will record Flow Rate and Max Flow Rate (in

liters/second) and Total Flow (in liters), at a sampling rate of 50 Hz.

Flow Rate is the rate at which air flows through the mouthpiece. Air

expired from the lungs is measured as positive flow, inspired air as

negative. Max Flow Rate is the maximum exhaled flow rate measured

during the test. The sensor calculates Flow Volume by integrating Flow

Rate data over time. Flow Volume is the net volume of expired air (total

expired volume minus total inspired volume).

Plug in the sensor and launch DataStudio (if you are using a computer.)

The sensor will automatically be set up to record PFT data.

Mouthpiece and

Handle

*The Spirometer

workbook files are

located on the

included CD-ROM.

If you have installed

DataStudio version

1.9.5 or later, the

workbook files have

already been copied

to your computer.

Plug in the

Spirometer (with

DataStudio

not

running) and select

the workbook from

the list that appears.

Model No. PS-2152 Data Collection

Pulmonary Function Test Procedure

1. Use a nose clip or have the test

subject hold his or her nose to

ensure that all breathing is

done through the mouth.

2. Hold the mouthpiece of the

Spirometer stationary and

away from air currents

(including expired air). Start

data collection; note the

flashing red WAIT indicator on

the sensor. Wait until the green

READY indicator is

illuminated before you move

the mouthpiece or expose it to

air currents.

3. After the green READY

indicator has illuminated, place

the tapered end of the

mouthpiece between the test

subjects’s front teeth with the

lips creating a seal to ensure

that all inspired and expired air

flows through the mouthpiece.

4. Have the test subject perform

the following sequence of

breathing:

5. Stop data collection.

• Breathe quietly for about four breaths.

• Perform a forced inspiration followed immediately

by a maximum-effort forced expiration.*

• Breath quietly for two breaths.

PS-2152

WAIT READY

Indicator

Lights

*When performing the forced

inspiration and expiration, the

subject should try to fill his or

her lungs to maximum capacity,

then exhale as fast and

completely as possible.

Spirometer Data Collection

4®

Procedure Notes

Observing the following conditions will allow you to collect consistent and

accurate data.

• You may need to run the test a few times in order to get satisfactory

data.

• The subject should sit up or stand comfortably.

• Talk the subject through each inspiration and expiration (this will

prevent the subject from being distracted by counting breathes or

remembering the sequence.)

• Do not allow the test subject to see the data as it is collected.

• Use a nose clip, or have the subject pinch his or her nose during the

test.

• Place the mouthpiece and handle on a table before you start data

collection. Do not pick it up until the red WAIT indicator has stopped

blinking and the green READY indicator is illuminated. While the

WAIT indicator is blinking, the sensor is measuring the ambient

pressure in order to establish a baseline reading. It is important not to

expose the sensor to any pressure change or airflow during the wait

period.

• The electronics enclosure contains a high-resolution differential

pressure sensing element that is sensitive to orientation. The orientation

with respect to vertical or horizontal is not important, but it must

remain constant during the wait period and data collecting.

• Single-use mouthpieces are intended for a single test occasion, which

may include several tests with the same individual. However, with each

test, liquid and particles can accumulate on the screen of the

mouthpiece, which increase the resistance to air flow, leading to

unrealistically high readings of Flow Rate and Total Volume in

subsequent tests. Replace the mouthpiece if you observe evidence of

screen contamination. For the most accurate results, use a new

mouthpiece for every test.

Model No. PS-2152 Interpretation of PFT Data

Interpretation of PFT Data

Total Flow vs. Time

Total Flow is the net volume of air that flows out from the lungs through

the Spirometer, equal to the total expired volume minus the total inspired

volume. View the graph of Total Flow vs. Time. Four specific lung

volumes and two lung capacities can be interpreted from this graph.*

Tidal Volume (TV) is the volume of one breath, or the amount of air

moved into and out of the lungs during quiet breathing (breathing without

effort).

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the amount of air moved out of the

lungs during a forced expiration, beyond the level of tidal expiration.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the amount of air moved into the

lungs during a forced inspiration, beyond the level of tidal inspiration.

Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1.0)is the volume of air

moved out of the lungs in the first second of a forceful expiration following

a maximal inspiration.

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is the maximum amount of air that can be

inspired after a normal expiration (IC = TV + IRV).

Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum movable amount of air contained by

the lungs (VC = TV + IRV + ERV).

FEV1.0% = FEV1.0 ÷VC × 100% is a common comparison of FEV1.0 to VC.

ERV

IRV

FEV1.0

1 sec.

*To measure these

quantities from the

graph in DataStudio,

click the Smart Tool

button:

If you are viewing

the data on the

Xplorer GLX

(without a

computer), select

Smart Tool or Delta

Tool from the Tools

menu.

Spirometer Interpretation of PFT Data

6®

Lung Volume vs. Time

Lung Volume is the constantly-changing amount of air in the lungs. A

spirometer can measure how it changes, but cannot directly measure its

absolute value. Lung volume can be calculated if one of two specific

absolute volumes, residual volume (RV) or functional residual capacity

(FRC), is known or estimated.

Residual volume (RV) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the

end of a forced expiration. A typical RV is 1.2 L.

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the amount of air left in the lungs

after a normal expiration (FRC = RV + ERV). A typical FRC is 2.5 liters.

The formula for Lung Volume is:

Lung Volume = V0- TotalFlow

V0is the lung volume when the subject first starts to breath through the

Spirometer. Set V0equal to the subject's FRC, or 2.5 L. Once you have

acquired data, you may need to adjust V0so that the graph reflects the

subject's known or estimated FRC or RV.*

ERV

IRV

FEV1.0

1 sec.

FRC

TLC

*See DataStudio

Online Help, or the

Xplorer GLX manual

for instructions on

entering and

graphing this

calculation.

Model No. PS-2152 Factors That May Affect Results

Factors That May Affect Results

In your graphs of Total Flow and Lung Volume, you may notice a slow

drift or slight fluctuation in the baseline. These can be eliminated, in most

cases, as described below. Note that slow baseline changes usually do not

significantly affect the measurements of volumes and capacities that you

take from the graphs.

• Air pressure changes in the environment during the measurement

period can influence the sensor readings. Sources of such pressure

changes include doors opening or closing, heating/cooling/ventilation

systems starting or stopping, and air movement within the testing room.

In most cases environmental pressure variation is tolerably low over

the typical 30-second test period.

• The sensor calculates Total Flow by integrating the measured Flow

Rate over time. Because of this time integration, a very small offset in

the Flow Rate measurement may result in a noticeable upward or

downward trend in the baseline of the Total Flow (or Lung Volume)

data. This trend usually does not have a significant effect on the volume

and capacity measurements taken from the graph, since each

measurement is made between two data points recorded within a few

seconds. In DataStudio you can eliminate the trend with this

calculation:

Total Flow = integral((1 - inrange(0, .03, abs(smooth(10, R)))) * R)

Define R as the Flow Rate. Use the calculated data in place of the data

directly from the sensor. If the trend is still apparent, increase the “.03”

parameter so that it is slightly larger than Flow Rate offset.

Troubleshooting

Problem Solutions

Drift or fluctuation

in the baseline of

Total Flow or Lung

Volume

Slow drift (less than 0.3 L in 30 s) is insignificant and can be ignored.

Protect the mouthpiece from movement, air currents and pressure

changes while the WAIT indicator is blinking.

Do not move the electronics enclosure during the entire test.

Use the calculation described above.

Large shift in

baseline of Total

Flow or Lung

Volume after forced

expiration

Use a nose clip or have the subject pinch his or her nose to prevent

airflow through the nose.

Ensure a good seal of the subject's lips around the mouthpiece.

Replace the mouthpiece with an unused one.

Unrealistically high

Total Flow or Flow

Rate readings

Protect the mouthpiece from movement, air currents and pressure

changes while the WAIT indicator is blinking.

Replace the mouthpiece with an unused one.

Model No. PS-2152 Spirometer

Specifications

The spirometer is an educational instrument.

It is not designed, tested, or intended for

medical use.

Safety

Read the instructions before using this

product. Students should be supervised

by their instructors. When using this

product, follow the instructions in this

manual and all local safety guidelines

that apply to you.

Do not share mouthpieces.

In medical settings, pulmonary function

tests are performed under the supervision

of a medical professional. When using a

spirometer without medical supervision,

use extra caution. A person with a

medical condition that may be affected

by a pulmonary function test should not

use the PASCO Spirometer. Discontinue

use if the subject encounters breathing

difficulty or discomfort.

Technical Support

For assistance with any PASCO product,

contact PASCO at:

Address: PASCO scientific

10101 Foothills Blvd.

Roseville, CA 95747-7100

Phone: (916) 786-3800

(800) 772-8700

Fax: (916) 786-3292

Web: www.pasco.com

Email: techsupp@pasco.com

The PASCO scientific 012-08856A

Spirometer Instruction Manual is

Permission is granted to non-profit

educational institutions for reproduction of

any part of this manual, providing the

reproductions are used only in their

laboratories and classrooms, and are not sold

for profit. Reproduction under any other

circumstances, without the written consent

of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.

Limited Warranty

For a description of the product warranty,

see the PASCO catalog.

Total Flow 5% accuracy when

used as described

above

Default

Sampling Rate

50 Hz

Flexible Air

Lines

90 cm

Authors: Steve Pon, Alec Ogston

DataStudio workbooks and portions of this manual reviewed

by A. Greenwell and T. Kjos, Sacramento City College,

Biology Department

Tabla de contenidos

Otros manuales de Instrumento de medición de PASCO

PASCO

PASCO ME-8598 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO SP-9285 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-2600 Manual de uso y cuidado

PASCO

PASCO OS-8525A Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-3222 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO OS-9171 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-3215 Manual de uso y cuidado

PASCO

PASCO PS-2600 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-3216 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO Pasport PS-2136 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-3238 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-3234 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PASPort Xplorer PS-2000 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-3217 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PASPORT PS-2204 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO Wireless Smart Gate Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO OS-8516A Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO OS-8525A Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-2136A Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PASPORT PS-2174 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO OS-8458 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO PS-3237 Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO OS-8526A Manual de usuario

PASCO

PASCO TD-8513 Manual de usuario

Manuales populares de Instrumento de medición de otras marcas

Suaoki

Suaoki D40 Manual de usuario

Elster

Elster BK-G1.6 Manual de usuario

Endress+Hauser

Endress+Hauser Deltabar FMD71 Manual

Duratool

Duratool D03128 Manual de usuario

Vega

Vega VEGAPULS 65 Manual de usuario

Tonghui

Tonghui TH2618B Manual de usuario

Tenmars

Tenmars TM-801 Manual de usuario

MSR

MSR 145 Manual de usuario

TPS

TPS WP-82 Manual de usuario

ELMETRON

ELMETRON CP-511 Manual de usuario

PCB Piezotronics

PCB Piezotronics 003C30 Manual de usuario

Tenma

Tenma 72-10465 Manual de usuario

Endress+Hauser

Endress+Hauser Proline Promag 50 Especificaciones técnicas

Siemens

Siemens SITRANS F Coriolis FCT030 Manual de lista de piezas

KLINGER

KLINGER CMF V Series Manual de usuario

EXFO

EXFO FTB-2 Manual de operación y mantenimiento

Keysight

Keysight M8290A Manual de usuario

ADTEK

ADTEK MW-5 Manual de usuario