Omega HHAQ-108 Manual de usuario

HHAQ-108

Formaldehyde Meter

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User’s Guide

The information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA accepts no

liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.

Servicing North America:

U.S.A.: Omega Engineering, Inc., One Omega Drive, P.O. Box 4047

Stamford, CT 06907-0047 USA

Toll-Free: 1-800-826-6342 (USA & Canada only)

Customer Service: 1-800-622-2378 (USA & Canada only)

Engineering Service: 1-800-872-9436 (USA & Canada only)

Tel: (203) 359-1660 Fax: (203) 359-7700

e-mail: [email protected]

For Other Locations Visit omega.com/worldwide

omega.com [email protected]

FORMALDEHYDE METER

USER’S MANUAL

HHAQ-108

Please read this manual carefully and thoroughly before using this product

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Operating and Maintenance Tips ............................. 15-18

Specifications .......................................................... 14-15

Operating Instructions ............................................. 10-14

Install Batteries ................................................ 9-10

Setup Instructions ..................................................... 9-10

Product Overview ........................................................ 8-9

What’s in thePackage ...................................................... 8

Key Features .................................................................... 7

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing OMEGA’s HHAQ-108 Formaldehyde

Meter. Please read this user’s manual carefully and thoroughly

before using the product.

The HHAQ-108 is an easy-to-use handheld instrument for

measuring levels of gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) as part of

a workplace indoor air quality (IAQ) maintenance program or

to spot-check a residential environment.

Exposure to formaldehyde has a significant impact on human

health. In 2011, the U.S. National Toxicology Program

described formaldehyde as “known to be a human

carcinogen.” It can also be toxic and allergenic.

Formaldehyde—which is colorless and has a characteristic

pungent, irritating odor—is ubiquitous. It is produced by the

oxidation or combustion of methane and other carbon

compounds and is therefore present in forest fires,

automobile exhaust, and tobacco smoke. When produced in

the atmosphere by the action of sunlight and oxygen on

atmospheric methane and other hydrocarbons, formaldehyde

becomes part of smog.

The primary exposure concern is for the workers in the

industries producing or using formaldehyde. Including indirect

employment, over 4 million people work in the formaldehyde

industry across approximately 11,900 plants in the U.S. and

Canada alone. For example, the textile industry uses

formaldehyde-based resins as finishers to make fabrics

crease-resistant. Formaldehyde-based materials are key to

the manufacture of automobile transmissions, electrical

systems, engine blocks, door panels, axles and brake shoes.

Occupational exposure to formaldehyde by inhalation is

mainly from three types of sources: thermal or chemical

decomposition of formaldehyde-based resins, formaldehyde

emission from aqueous solutions (for example, embalming

fluids), and combustion of a variety of organic compounds.

Because formaldehyde resins are used in many construction

materials it is one of the more common indoor air pollutants.

At concentrations above 0.1 ppm in air, formaldehyde can

irritate the eyes and mucous membranes, resulting in watery

eyes. Formaldehyde inhaled at this concentration may cause

headaches, a burning sensation in the throat and difficulty

breathing, and can trigger or aggravate asthma symptoms.

When treated with phenol, urea, or melamine, formaldehyde

produces polymer resins that are commonly used as

permanent adhesives in plywood and carpeting, in nail

hardeners and nail polish, and as the wet-strength material

added to sanitary paper products such as facial tissue, table

napkins and roll towels. Production of formaldehyde resins

accounts for more than half of formaldehyde consumption.

Other formaldehyde derivatives include methylene diphenyl

diisocyanate, an important ingredient of polyurethane paints

and foams. Formaldehyde has been found as a contaminant

in several bath products, at levels from 54 to 610 ppm; it is

thought to arise from the breakdown of preservatives in the

products. Since 2006, formaldehyde (methylene glycol) is also

used in hair smoothing treatments in order to straighten

wavy/curly hair and make hair less prone to frizz in humid

weather. OSHA Oregon has reported these treatments as

unsafe for human health.

An aqueous solution of formaldehyde can be useful as a

disinfectant as it kills most bacteria and fungi, including their

spores. Formaldehyde solutions are applied topically in

medicine to dry the skin, such as in the treatment of warts.

Urinary tract infections are often treated with a derivative of

formaldehyde (methenamine), a method often chosen

because it prevents overuse of antibiotics and the resultant

development of bacterial resistance to them. Some topical

creams, cosmetics and personal hygiene products contain

derivatives of formaldehyde as the active ingredients that

prevent the growth of potentially harmful bacteria.

A 1988 Canadian study of houses with urea-formaldehyde

foam insulation found that formaldehyde levels as low as

0.046 ppm were positively correlated with eye and nasal

irritation. A recent review of studies has shown a strong

association between exposure to formaldehyde and the

development of childhood asthma. Chronic exposure at higher

levels, starting at around 1.9 ppm, has been shown to result in

significant damage to pulmonary function, resulting in reduced

maximum mid-expiratory flow and forced vital capacity. There

is also research that supports the theory that formaldehyde

exposure contributes to reproductive problems in women.

RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE

In the residential environment, formaldehyde exposure comes

from a number of different routes; formaldehyde can off-gas

from wood products, such as plywood or particle board, but it

is produced by paints, varnishes, floor finishes, and cigarette

smoke as well.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allows no

more than 0.016 ppm formaldehyde in the air in new

buildings constructed for that agency. An EPA study found

that a new home measured 0.076 ppm when brand new and

0.045 ppm after 30 days. The agency recommends the use of

“exterior-grade” pressed-wood products with phenol instead

of urea resin to limit formaldehyde exposure, since pressed-

wood products containing formaldehyde resins are often a

significant source of formaldehyde in homes.

People who suffer allergic reactions to formaldehyde tend to

display lesions on the skin in the areas that have had direct

contact with the substance, such as the neck or thighs (often

due to formaldehyde released from permanent-press

clothing) or dermatitis on the face (typically from cosmetics).

Formaldehyde has been banned in cosmetics in both Sweden

and Japan.

The eyes are most sensitive to formaldehyde exposure: The

lowest level at which many people can begin to smell

formaldehyde is about 0.05 ppm and the highest level is

1 ppm. The maximum concentration value at the workplace is

0.3 ppm. In controlled chamber studies, individuals begin to

sense eye irritation at about 0.5 ppm; 5 to 20% report eye

irritation at 0.5 to 1 ppm; and greater certainty for sensory

irritation occurred at 1 ppm and above. While some agencies

have used a level as low as 0.1 ppm as a threshold for

irritation, the expert panel found that a level of 0.3 ppm would

protect against nearly all irritation. In fact, the expert panel

found that a level of 1.0 ppm would avoid eye irritation—the

most sensitive endpoint—in 75 to 95% of all people exposed.

Formaldehyde emits from a variety of construction materials,

furnishings, and consumer products. The three products that

emit the highest concentrations are medium-density

fiberboard, hardwood plywood, and particle board.

Environmental factors such as temperature and relative

humidity can elevate levels because formaldehyde has a high

vapor pressure. Formaldehyde levels from building materials

are the highest when a building first opens because materials

have had less time to off-gas. Formaldehyde levels decrease

over time as the sources suppress.

A Guide to Formaldehyde Exposure Levels

0.03 ppm Average outdoor level

0.10 ppm Recommend upper short-term exposure

limit (STEL) limit for residences by ASHRAE,

ANSI, EPA, and NIOSH

0.40 ppm Recommended upper STEL for

manufactured homes

0.50 ppm OSHA’s workplace limit

0.75 ppm OSHA’s 15-minute time-weighted average

(TWA) limit

0.80 ppm Level at which most people first detect odor

2.00 ppm OSHA’s STEL limit

KEY FEATURES

•Electrochemical sensor measures real-time formaldehyde

gas concentration from 0 to 5 ppm with ±5% accuracy and

0.01 ppm resolution

•Also tracks, calculates and displays three cumulative

formaldehyde gas metrics: 8-hour TWA (time-weighted

average), 1-hour average, and 15-minute STEL (short-term

exposure limit)

•One-button calibration to 0 ppm in fresh air

•User-adjustable high concentration audible alarm threshold

•Also measures relative humidity (RH) and temperature in

°F or °C

•Manually offsetable long-term drift of temperature and RH

accuracy

•Min/Max memory and data hold

•Large backlit dual-readout LCD

•15-minute Auto Power Off (can be disabled)

•Low battery indication

•Tripod mount

•Powered by (4) “AAA” batteries

•CE and RoHS approved

•2 year limited warranty

Fig. 1. The controls,

indicators and physical

structures of the

HHAQ-108

WHAT’S IN THE PACKAGE

The HHAQ-108, a 110VAC adaptor and this user’s manual

come in a soft pouch inside a white box.

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

Fig. 1 shows all controls, indicators

and physical structures of the

HHAQ-108. Fig. 2 shows all possible

indications on the LCD. Familiarize

yourself with the locations and

functions of the control buttons

and the meanings of the display

icons before moving on to the

Setup Instructions and Operating

Instructions.

1. Formaldehyde gas sensor inside

vented ball housing

2. Dual-readout LCD

3. Control buttons

HOLD. Freezes both readouts.

Also used to increment

individual digits of high

concentration alarm.

MODE. Pressed and held, calibrates meter to 0 ppm in

fresh air. Pressed briefly in high alarm adjustment mode,

shifts one digit to left.

PWR. Pressed briefly with meter off, powers meter on.

Pressed briefly with meter on, arms/disarms high

concentration alarm. Pressed and held with meter on,

powers meter off.

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