Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION... Manual de usuario

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

www.novell.com10

August04,2006 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration

List of Authors: Jörg Arndt, Steve Bearnson, Stefan Behlert, Frank Bodammer, James Branam,

Volker Buzek, Klara Cihlarova, Catherine Craft, Olaf Dabrunz, Stefan Dirsch, Olaf Donjak, Roman

Drahtmüller, Thorsten Dubiel, Torsten Duwe, Thomas Fehr, Stefan Fent, Werner Fink, Jakub Friedl,

Kurt Garloff, Joachim Gleißner, Todd Grant, Carsten Groß, Andreas Grünbacher, Berthold Gunreben,

Franz Hassels, Andreas Jaeger, Jana Jaeger, Denise Jewkes, Klaus Kämpf, Andi Kleen, Hubert

Mantel, Lars Marowsky-Bree, Chris Mason, Johannes Meixner, Lars Müller, Matthias Nagorni, Anas

Nashif, Siegfried Olschner, Edith Parzefall, Peter Pöml, Thomas Renninger, Hannes Reinecke, Scott

Rhoades, Thomas Rölz, Heiko Rommel, Tanja Roth, Marcus Schäfer, Thomas Schraitle, Kay Sievers,

Klaus Singvogel, Frank Sundermeyer, Elisabeth Tobiasson, Hendrik Vogelsang, Klaus G. Wagner,

Rebecca Walter, Christian Zoz

This publication is intellectual property of Novell Inc.

Its contents can be duplicated, either in part or in whole, provided that a copyright label is visibly lo-

cated on each copy.

All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this

does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LINUX GmbH, the authors, nor the translators

shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Novell, the Novell logo, the N logo and SUSE are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United

States and other countries. * Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other third party

trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Contents

About This Guide xv

Part I Deployment 19

1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 21

1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . 23

1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2Deployment Strategies 25

2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3Installation with YaST 35

3.1 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3.2 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.3 TheBootScreen......................... 38

3.4 Language Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3.5 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3.6 LicenseAgreement........................ 42

3.7 SystemAnalysis.......................... 43

3.8 TimeZone............................ 43

3.9 Installation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.10 Conguration .......................... 57

3.11 GraphicalLogin.......................... 67

4Remote Installation 69

4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 78

4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

5Automated Installation 105

5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

6Advanced Disk Setup 123

6.1 LVMConguration........................ 123

6.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

7System Conguration with YaST 137

7.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 138

7.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

7.3 Software............................ 139

7.4 Hardware............................ 152

7.5 System............................. 158

7.6 NetworkDevices......................... 169

7.7 NetworkServices........................ 170

7.8 AppArmor ........................... 176

7.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

7.10 Miscellaneous.......................... 181

7.11 YaSTinTextMode........................ 184

7.12 Update from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

7.13 SaX2.............................. 190

7.14 Troubleshooting......................... 196

7.15 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

8Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 199

8.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

8.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

8.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Part II Administration 221

9OpenWBEM 223

9.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

9.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 230

9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

10 Multipath IO 251

10.1 Supported Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

10.2 System Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

10.3 Software Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

10.4 Using the Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

11 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 259

11.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

11.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

12 High Availability under Linux 269

12.1 ImportantTerms......................... 269

12.2 A Sample Minimum Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

12.3 Components of a High Availability Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

12.4 The Software Side of High Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

12.5 Clustering............................ 275

12.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

13 Installing a Heartbeat 2 Cluster Using YaST 279

13.1 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

13.2 Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

13.3 Shared Disk System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

13.4 Installing Heartbeat 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

13.5 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 285

14.1 Overview of OCFS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

14.2 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

14.3 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

14.4 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

15 Access Control Lists in Linux 299

15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

15.3 Denitions........................... 301

15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 302

15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

16 RPM—the Package Manager 311

16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 312

16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 313

16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 316

16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

17 System Monitoring Utilities 323

17.1 Debugging........................... 324

17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

17.4 Networking........................... 330

17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 332

17.6 Processes............................ 335

17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 343

18 Working with the Shell 345

18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 372

Part III System 377

19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 379

19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 380

19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 385

20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 389

20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

21 The Boot Loader 401

21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 418

21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

22 Special Features of SUSE Linux Enterprise 421

22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 428

22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

23 Virtual Machine Server 435

23.1 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

23.2 Benets of Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

23.3 Terminology........................... 438

23.4 Virtual Machine Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

23.5 Virtual Machine Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

23.6 Setting up the Virtual Machine Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

23.7 Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

23.8 Managing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

24 Printer Operation 451

24.1 Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

24.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

24.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

24.4 Conguring the Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

24.5 Conguration for Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

24.6 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

24.7 Troubleshooting......................... 466

25 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 475

25.1 The /dev Directory....................... 475

25.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

25.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

25.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

25.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

25.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 478

25.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

25.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

25.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

26 File Systems in Linux 483

26.1 Terminology........................... 483

26.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

26.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

26.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

26.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

27 The X Window System 495

27.1 X11 Setup with SaX2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

27.2 Optimizing the X Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

27.3 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

27.4 OpenGL—3D Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

28 Authentication with PAM 513

28.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

28.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

28.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

28.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

29 Power Management 521

29.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

29.2 APM.............................. 523

29.3 ACPI.............................. 524

29.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

29.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

29.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

30 Wireless Communication 547

30.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 547

Part IV Services 559

31 Basic Networking 561

31.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

31.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

31.3 NameResolution ........................ 577

31.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

31.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 597

31.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

31.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

32 SLP Services in the Network 619

32.1 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

32.2 Registering Your Own Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

32.3 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

32.4 ActivatingSLP.......................... 622

32.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

33 Time Synchronization with NTP 623

33.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

33.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

33.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

34 The Domain Name System 629

34.1 DNSTerminology........................ 629

34.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

34.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

34.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

34.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 646

34.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

34.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

34.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 652

34.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

35 DHCP 655

35.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

35.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

35.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668

35.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

36 Using NIS 673

36.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

36.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

37 LDAP—A Directory Service 681

37.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 682

37.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

37.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686

37.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691

37.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

37.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698

37.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706

37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

38 Samba 709

38.1 Terminology........................... 709

38.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

38.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

38.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

38.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

38.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 719

38.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

38.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

39 Sharing File Systems with NFS 725

39.1 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

39.2 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726

39.3 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726

39.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728

40 File Synchronization 729

40.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

40.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

40.3 Introduction to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736

40.4 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

40.5 Introduction to Subversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

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