Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION... Manual de usuario

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

www.novell.com10

May11,2007 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration

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Contents

About This Guide xv

Part I Deployment 1

1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3

1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2Deployment Strategies 7

2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3Installation with YaST 17

3.1 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.3 TheBootScreen......................... 19

3.4 Language ............................ 21

3.5 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.6 LicenseAgreement........................ 24

3.7 SystemAnalysis.......................... 24

3.8 TimeZone............................ 25

3.9 Installation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.10 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.11 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3.12 GraphicalLogin.......................... 41

4Remote Installation 43

4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 52

4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

5Automated Installation 81

5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 99

6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

6.2 Customizing the rstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

7Advanced Disk Setup 111

7.1 LVMConguration........................ 111

7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

8System Conguration with YaST 125

8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 126

8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

8.3 Software............................ 127

8.4 Hardware............................ 141

8.5 System............................. 147

8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 159

8.7 NetworkServices........................ 160

8.8 AppArmor ........................... 167

8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

8.10 Virtualization.......................... 176

8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 176

8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 179

8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

8.14 SaX2.............................. 186

8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 192

8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

9Managing Software with ZENworks 193

9.1 Managing Packages from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . 194

9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 203

10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Part II Administration 225

11 OpenWBEM 227

11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 234

11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 257

12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

13 Oracle Cluster File System 2 267

13.1 Overview of OCFS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

13.2 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

13.3 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

13.4 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

14 Access Control Lists in Linux 281

14.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

14.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

14.3 Denitions........................... 283

14.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 284

14.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

14.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

15 RPM—the Package Manager 295

15.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

15.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 296

15.3 RPMandPatches........................ 297

15.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

15.5 RPMQueries.......................... 300

15.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

15.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

15.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

16 System Monitoring Utilities 307

16.1 Debugging........................... 308

16.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

16.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

16.4 Networking........................... 315

16.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 316

16.6 Processes............................ 320

16.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

16.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

16.9 TimeandDate.......................... 329

17 Working with the Shell 331

17.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

17.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

17.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

17.4 TheviEditor.......................... 358

Part III System 363

18 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 365

18.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 366

18.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

18.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

18.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

19 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 371

19.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

19.2 TheinitProcess......................... 375

19.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

20 The Boot Loader 387

20.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

20.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

20.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

20.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

20.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

20.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

20.7 Troubleshooting......................... 405

20.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

21 Special System Features 407

21.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

21.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 414

21.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

21.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

22 Virtualization 421

22.1 System and Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

22.2 Virtualization Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

22.3 Installing Virtualization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

22.4 Starting the Virtualization Host Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

22.5 Managing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

22.6 Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

22.7 Windows Server 2003 Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

22.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

23 Printer Operation 435

23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 443

23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 452

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 461

24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 461

24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 464

24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

25 File Systems in Linux 469

25.1 Terminology........................... 469

25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

26 The X Window System 481

26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

27 Authentication with PAM 495

27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

28 Power Management 503

28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

28.2 APM.............................. 505

28.3 ACPI.............................. 507

28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

29 Wireless Communication 529

29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 529

Part IV Services 541

30 Basic Networking 543

30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

30.3 NameResolution ........................ 559

30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

30.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 578

30.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

30.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

31 SLP Services in the Network 599

31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 599

31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

32 Time Synchronization with NTP 603

32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

33 The Domain Name System 609

33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 609

33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 626

33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 633

33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

34 DHCP 635

34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

35 Using NIS 653

35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

36 LDAP—A Directory Service 661

36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 662

36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672

36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690

36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692

36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

37 Samba 695

37.1 Terminology........................... 695

37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 705

37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709

38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 711

38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

39 File Synchronization 725

39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727

39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

40 The Apache HTTP Server 737

40.1 QuickStart........................... 737

40.2 Conguring Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

40.3 Starting and Stopping Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754

40.4 Installing, Activating, and Conguring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 756

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