HP Series 200 Guía del usuario

Hewlett-Packard Series 200, 400, and 600

Routers

HP Routing Services

and Applications

Company1994.

Publication Number

5962-8770E

Edition 1, July 1994

Printed in Singapore

Product Numbers and Soft-

ware Version

This guide provides informa-

tion for Hewlett-Packard

routers running software

with the following version

numbers:

A.08 series

B.08 series

C.08 series

Earlier and later software

versions may operate differ-

ently than described in this

manual.

Warranty

The information contained in

this guide is entirely

unwarranted.

This document contains

proprietary information,

which is protected by copy-

right. No part of this docu-

ment may be photocopied,

reproduced, or translated

into another language

without the prior written

consent of Hewlett-Packard.

The information contained in

this document is subject to

change without notice.

Microsoft is a U.S. registered

trademark of Microsoft Corp.

UNIX® is a registered

trademark in the United

States and other countries,

licensed exclusively through

X/Open company Limited.

Hewlett-Packard

8000 Foothills Boulevard

Roseville, California 95747-6588

916-786-8000

Contents

1 Product Notes

Features of HP Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Architecture and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

Branch Office Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35

2 Routing Services Notes

Bridging Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Internet Protocol Routing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-55

Novell IPX Routing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-95

AppleTalk Phase 2 Routing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-107

DECnet Routing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-115

A Primer on HP Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-125

Data Compression for WAN Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-133

3 Application Notes and Case Studies

Improving Network Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

ISDN Wide Area Network Design:

Dry Creek Joint Elem. School District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31

Shining a Light on FDDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

Using Synchronous Pass-Through to Consolidate

Synchronous Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-57

Routing with OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-69

Linking Up with Frame Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-85

Frame Relay Network Design: Fleet Call, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-105

Contents

Product Notes

Features of HP Routers

Architecture and Technology

Branch Office Routing

Product Notes

1-2

Features of HP Routers

Each HP router is a multiprotocol router and multiport bridge. The router is

used to form an internetwork using local area connections (such as

Ethernet, IEEE 802.3, token ring, and FDDI) and wide area connections

(such as leased lines, X.25, frame relay, SMDS, and ISDN services).

This product note summarizes the features of HP’s AdvanceStack line of

routers in general. Each specific router product may not support all of the

features described here. For cost-effective branch routing, for example,

some routers in the 400 series have a fixed selection of ports, and routers in

the 200 series have a partial selection of routing services. And for a central

site router, the HP Router 650, port modules allow you to select the types

and number of port connections needed. For the features available and

unavailable on specific routers, see the HP Network Connectivity Product

Catalog, or the installation manual and release notes for your specific router

product.

Routing Services and Protocols

The standard configuration of HP routers supports concurrent operation of

five popular routing services: Internet Protocol (the TCP/IP protocol suite),

Novell IPX, AppleTalk Phase 2, DECnet Phase IV, and Xerox XNS. For

packets that cannot be routed, the router can function as a learning bridge,

source-routing bridge, or translational bridge, and can use the IEEE 802.1

Spanning Tree Protocol.

Each routing service may be enabled independently of the others, and it

builds and maintains its routing database independently of the others. Like-

wise, the bridging service may be enabled independently of any of the rout-

ing services; if not enabled, then the router will drop packets with protocol

types not enabled or supported (such as IBM SNA or DEC LAT). Because of

the independent routing services, the HP router is often referred to as an IP

Product Notes

1-3

router, a DECnet router, a bridge, and so on, when the associated service is

enabled.

On HP routers, routing services should be used when possible for their band-

width-conserving value, and they must be used for links between dissimilar

physical-layer and data-link-layer operations. Bridging is usually required as

well for unsupported protocols and for such services as synchronous

pass-through.

Bridging

With bridging enabled, an HP router provides protocol-transparent bridging

between similar LAN types, such as Ethernet to Ethernet. It learns the

location of nodes on the network—based on their data-link-layer

addresses—and builds a dynamic bridging table for use in deciding whether

or not to forward an incoming frame. Frames may be bridged to other LANs

that are local or located at a remote site over wide area connections. It is

possible to use the HP router solely as a bridge by not enabling any of the

routing services.

As an Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 transparent bridge (or learning bridge), an HP

router supports a variety of filtering options at the MAC layer, such as

source and destination address and protocol type. The IEEE Spanning Tree

Protocol (STP) is available for management of bridged networks with mesh

topologies. STP allows a bridged network to have redundant paths. In the

event of a primary link failure, a backup link takes over, thereby ensuring

continued data transmission between all reachable network segments.

Translational bridging is used between FDDI and either Ethernet or IEEE

802.3 networks. Source-route translational bridging is used for bridging be-

tween token ring (IEEE 802.5) and Ethernet or IEEE 802.3 networks. These

addressing schemes differ at the data-link layer, specifically at the MAC

layer. For more information about translational bridging, refer to the “Bridg-

ing Service” note and to the “Shining a Light on FDDI” application note in

this manual.

Source-routing bridging is used to connect token rings that contain systems

communicating with non-routable protocols such as IBM SNA or NetBIOS.

Thus, when an HP router is configured for source-routing bridging, it can be

used in any application that would otherwise be performed by an IBM

Source Route Bridge. Transparent (also known as learning) bridging is

always enabled with the bridging software, so that when source-routing

bridging is performed concurrently, the HP router is known as a source-rout-

ing/transparent (SRT) bridge.

Features of HP Routers

Routing Services and Protocols

1-4

Notes However, HP routers do nottransparently bridge from a token ring to a

token ring (only between Ethernet/802.3 LANs); source-routing bridging

is used for this function. Also note that the source-routing bridging func-

tion does not provide communication between a source-routing system

on one ring and a non-source-routing system on another ring.

For details on the various types of bridging, refer to the “Bridging Service”

note later in this manual.

HP routers provide source-routing end-node support for the IP, IPX,

AppleTalk, and XNS routing services (described in the following sections).

These routing services are users of the underlying physical and data-link

layers, which allow them to route packets in token ring and mixed-media

environments.

IP Routing

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer of the TCP/IP de facto

standard. It is supported by most major computer vendors and used

extensively in large networks such as the “Internet”.

Generally, each corporation or similar entity sets up an internal network

composed of a number of routers and computers. Within this network, IP

allows the creation of subnets. Subnets usually reflect the organizational and

geographic structure of the entity. Communication between subnets can

optionally be enabled or disabled based on subnet address. This capability

simplifies traffic control and enhances network security.

Within the entity’s internal network, IP routers exchange network informa-

tion using an interior gateway protocol (IGP). HP routers support two IGPs:

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

protocol.

RIP is widely accepted as a standard router-to-router protocol for IP

networks. RIP selects network routes based on the lowest number of hops

required to traverse the network between subnets. In addition to RIP’s stand-

ard features, HP routers allow users to adjust the hop count for a particular

network link to reflect lower link speed, higher delay, or other factors. This

feature allows RIP to be tuned to avoid network bottlenecks.

OSPF is another IGP standard that is better suited to larger, more complex

networks than RIP. OSPF provides more security with an option for pass-

word authentication on routing update messages. OSPF increases network

efficiency by using multicast addresses for update messages, sending

Product Notes

Features of HP Routers

Routing Services and Protocols

1-5

incremental routing updates, and supporting a hierarchical update structure

(using areas).

RIP and OSPF are described in more detail in the “Internet Protocol Routing

Service” note later in this manual.

For connections to external IP networks, HP routers support the standard

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP). EGP provides secure connections

through designated routers to external networks.

The IP router software for HP routers provides full support for transport-

layer protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the Internet

Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

Both ARPA/Berkeley and HP NS upper-layer services are supported, includ-

ing the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) and HP Probe address resolution

protocols. For more information about HP Probe, refer to the note “A Primer

on HP Probe” in this manual.

Novell IPX

HP routers support the Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) and Sequenced

Packet Exchange (SPX) protocols used by Novell’s NetWare. The IPX

routing service integrates NetWare-based PC networks into the enterprise

LAN. The IPX routing service on HP routers is compatible with network

nodes that use Novell NetWare version 2.15 or later. HP routers can

interoperate with routers using Netware and with Novell routers—by

negotiating data-link characteristics when establishing a WAN link (over

PPP, X.25, or frame relay). IPXWAN Version 2 is supported. For more

information about IPX, refer to the “Novell IPX Routing Service” note in this

manual.

AppleTalk

AppleTalk is the protocol suite developed by Apple Computer, Inc., for LAN

communications between Macintosh personal computers. HP routers

support AppleTalk Phase 2, which enhances the original AppleTalk protocol

suite (Phase 1) by expanding the addressing and naming capabilities

previously available. The AppleTalk Phase 2 standard also provides support

for Ethernet and token ring networks in addition to LocalTalk, Apple’s

proprietary data-link-layer protocol.

Features of HP Routers

Routing Services and Protocols

1-6

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