HP 8712C Manual de usuario

User’s Guide

8712C

and

8714C

Network

Analyzers

Notice

HP part number: 08712-90056

Printed in USA

February 1998 Supersedes: October 1997

The information contained in this document is subject to change without

notice.

Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,

including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and

fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shah not be liable for errors

contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection

with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Safety Information

For safety and regulatory information see Chapter 11. For warranty and

assistance information see Chapter 10.

Firmware Revision

This manual documents analyzers with firmware revisions

C.04.50

and

above. Some features will not be available or will require different keystrokes

in analyzers with earlier hrmware revisions. For full compatibility, you

can upgrade your firmware to the latest version. Contact your nearest

Hewlett-Packard sales or service office for information.

Acknowledgements

ExcelTM

is a product of Microsoft Corp.

Lotus@l-2-3@

are U.S. registered trademarks of Lotus Development

Corporation.

Microsoft@ is a U.S. registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.

QuickBasicTM

is a product of Microsoft Corp.

Windows@ is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.

Portions of the software include source code from the Info-ZIP

group.This

code is freely available on the Internet by anonymous ftp

asftp.uu.net:/pub/archiving/zip/unzip51.

tar.Z,

and from CompuServe

a.sunz51.zip

in the

IBMPRO

form, library 10 (data compression).

@Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1996, 1997, 1998

written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway, Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799, USA

I...

871X

and HP

8714C

RF Network Analyzers

The HP

8712C

and HP

8714C

are easy-to-use RF network analyzers optimized

for production measurements

,of

reflection and transmission parameters. The

instrument integrates an RF synthesized source, transmission/reflection test

set, multi-mode receivers, and display in one compact box.

The source features 1 Hz resolution, 50 ms (or faster) sweep time, and up

to + 16

dBm

output power.

The three-channel, dual mode receivers provide dynamic range of greater

than 100

in narrowband measurement mode. For measurements of

frequency-translating devices, the network analyzer features broadband

internal and external detector inputs. The receivers incorporate digital signal

processing and microprocessor control to speed operation and measurement

throughput.

Two independent measurement channels and a large CRT display the

measured results of one or two receiver channels in several user-selectable

formats. An external VGA monitor can be connected to the rear panel for

enhanced measurement viewing in color.

Measurement functions are selected with front panel hardkeys and

softkey

menus. Measurements can be printed or plotted directly with a compatible

peripheral. Instrument states can be saved to the internal floppy disk,

internal non-volatile memory, or internal volatile memory. Built-in service

diagnostics are available to simplify troubleshooting procedures.

Measurement calibrations and data averaging provide performance

improvement and flexibility. Measurement calibrations consist of normalizing

data, utilizing the internal factory calibration, or calibrating with external

standards. Measurement calibration reduces errors associated with directivity,

frequency response, and source match. Directivity is corrected to 40

and

source match to 30

for unproved measurements.

111

-1

I-

How to Use This Guide

The first 7 chapters of this guide explain how to perform measurements,

calibrate the instrument, and use the most common instrument functions.

Chapters 8 through 12 are reference material. Use these chapters to look

up information such as front panel features, specific key functions and

specifications.

I-

Contents

1. Installing the Analyzer

Step 1. Check the Shipment .............

Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements .

Step 3. Check the Analyzer Operation .........

Step 4. Configure the Analyzer ............

Connecting Peripherals and Controllers .......

Installing the Analyzer In a Rack ..........

Preventive Maintenance ...............

2. Getting Started

Front Panel Tour ..................

Entering Measurement Parameters ...........

Performing the Operator’s Check ...........

Equipment List ..................

Make a Transmission Measurement .........

Make a Reflection Measurement ...........

If the Analyzer Fails the Operator’s Check ......

3. Making Measurements

Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer .....

When to Use Attenuation and Amplification in a

Measurement Setup ...............

When to Change the System Impedance .......

The Typical Measurement Sequence .........

Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements .....

lJiZi!i]

Key Overview

................

Using the

[m)

Key To Configure Measurements

....

The User BEGIN Function (Option

lC2

only) ....

Measuring Transmission Response ...........

Enter the Measurement Parameters .........

Calibrate For a Transmission Response Measurement

Connect the DUT .................

View and Interpret the Transmission Measurement

Results ....................

Measuring Reflection Response ............

Enter the Measurement Parameters .........

l-3

l-4

l-9

l-10

l-11

1-17

1-18

2-3

2-4

2-13

2-14

2-15

2-17

2-19

3-3

3-9

3-10

3-11

3-12

3-13

3-15

3-17

3-18

3-19

3-21

3-22

3-24

Contents-l

I-

Calibrate For a Reflection Response Measurement ...

Connect the DUT ...................

View and Interpret the Reflection Measurement Results

Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection

Enter the Measurement Parameters .........

Connect the DUT .................

View and Interpret the Power Measurement Results . .

Measuring Conversion Loss ..............

Enter the Measurement Parameters .........

Perform a Normalization Calibration .........

Connect the DUT .................

View and Interpret the Conversion Loss Results ....

Measuring AM Delay (Option 1DA or 1DB) ......

Enter the Measurement Parameters .........

Calibrate For an AM Delay Measurement ......

Connect the DUT .................

View and Interpret the AM Delay Results ......

Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input .....

Auxiliary Input Characteristics ...........

Measuring Group Delay ...............

Enter the Measurement Parameters .........

Calibrate For a Transmission Response Measurement

Connect the DUT .................

View and Interpret the Group Delay Measurement

Results ....................

Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart ......

Enter the Measurement Parameters .........

Calibrate For a Reflection Response Measurement ...

Connect the DUT .................

View and Interpret the Results ...........

Measuring Impedance Magnitude ...........

How the Reflection Measurement Works .......

How the Transmission Measurement Works ......

Using a Fixture ..................

3-25

3-27

3-28

3-30

3-31

3-32

3-33

3-35

3-37

3-38

3-39

3-40

3-42

3-43

3-44

3-45

3-46

3-48

3-49

3-50

3-51

3-52

3-53

3-55

3-56

3-57

3-58

3-62

3-63

3-64

3-65

Contents-2

-1

4. Using Instrument Functions

Using Markers ...................

4-3

To Activate Markers ................

4-6

To Turn Markers Off ................

4-7

To Use Marker Search Functions ..........

4-8

To Use Marker Math Functions ...........

4-21

To Use Delta (A) Marker Mode ...........

4-27

‘Ib Use Other Marker Functions ............

4-29

To Use Polar Format Markers ............

4-30

To Use Smith Chart Markers ............

4-30

Using Limit Testing .................

4-31

To Create a Flat Limit Line ............

4-33

To Create a Sloping Limit Line ...........

4-35

To Create a Single Point Limit ...........

4-37

To Use Marker Limit Functions ...........

4-38

To Use Relative Limits ...............

4-44

Other Limit Line Functions .............

4-45

Additional Notes on Limit Testing ..........

4-47

Using Reference Tracking ...............

4-50

To Track the Peak Point ..............

4-51

To Track a Frequency ...............

4-52

Customizing the Display ...............

4-53

Using the Split Display Feature ...........

4-54

Enabling/Disabling Display Features .........

4-55

Modifying Display Annotation ...........

4-57

Expanding the Displayed Measurement ........

4-62

Saving and Recalling Measurement Results .......

4-65

Saving Instrument Data ..............

4-67

To Recall from a Disk or Internal Memory ......

4-71

Other File Utilities ................

4-72

To Use Directory Utilities .............

4-75

Formatting a Floppy Disk .............

4-77

Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters ....

4-78

Select a Compatible Printer or Plotter ........

4-79

Select an Appropriate Interface Cable ........

4-80

Connect the Printer or Plotter ...........

4-81

Configure the Hardcopy Port ............

4-82

Define the Printer or Plotter Settings ........

4-85

Printing and Plotting Measurement Results .......

4-90

To Select the Copy Port ..............

4-91

Define the Output .................

4-92

Contents-3

Using a Keyboard ..................

4-97

Connect the Keyboard ...............

4-97

To Use the Keyboard to Edit ............

4-98

Front Panel Control Using a Keyboard ........

4-99

Using an External VGA Monitor ...........

4-101

Customizing Color on an External Monitor ......

4-102

Synchronizing and Positioning the Display ......

4-104

5. Optimizing Measurements

Increasing Sweep Speed ...............

To Increase the Start Frequency ...........

To Set the Sweep Time to AUTO Mode .......

To Widen the System Bandwidth ..........

To Reduce the Amount of Averaging .........

To Reduce the Number of Measurement Points ....

To View a Single Measurement Channel .......

To Turn Off Alternate Sweep ............

To Turn Off Markers and Marker Tracking ......

To Turn Off Spur Avoidance ............

To Avoid Frequency Bandcrossings by Minimizing the

Span (HP 8714C only) .............

Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range ......

To Increase the Receiver Input Power ........

To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor .........

Reducing Trace Noise ................

To Activate Averaging for Reducing Trace Noise ...

To Change System Bandwidth for Reducing Trace Noise

To Eliminate Receiver Spurious Responses ......

Reducing Mismatch Errors ..............

Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Reflection Measurement

Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Transmission

Measurement ...

Reducing Mismatch. Errors When’

Measuring’Bbth

...

5-3

5-4

5-5

5-6

5-7

5-8

5-9

5-10

5-11

5-13

5-14

5-17

5-18

Reflection and Transmission ...........

5-18

Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups . .

5-19

Port Extensions ..................

5-19

Electrical Delay ..................

5-20

Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay .....

5-21

Contents-4

Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy

Measurement Calibration Overview ..........

6-3

The Calibration Reference Plane ..........

6-5

Determine if a Calibration is Necessary ..........

6-7

When a Calibration

Not Necessary .........

6-7

When a Calibration

Necessary ...........

6-7

Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method .......

6-8

To Perform a Normalization Calibration ....... 6-10

To Perform a Transmission Calibration ........

6-11

To Perform a Reflection Calibration .........

6-13

To Perform a Conversion Loss Calibration ......

6-15

To Perform an AM Delay Calibration (Option

1DA

1DB

only) ...................

6-16

To Perform a Calibration With Non-Standard

Connectors ..................

6-17

Writing or Editing Your Own Cal Kit File ......

6-19

Save the Calibration .................

6-25

Check the Calibration ................

6-26

Using Calibration Check for Analysis and

Troubleshooting ................

6-26

To Perform a Calibration Check ...........

6-27

Error Term Descriptions and Typical Values .....

6-28

7. Automating Measurements

Configuring Your Test System ............

Measurement System Topology ...........

Expandability and Large Systems ..........

Throughput Considerations .............

Selecting a Measurement Controller .........

Selecting a Programming Language .........

Operator Interaction .................

Prompting the Operator ..............

Using Graphics to Create On-Screen Diagrams ....

User-Defined

@Xl

Key Menu

............

Data Entry Using a Barcode Reader .........

Data Entry Using an External Keyboard .......

Using the Analyzer’s Title Feature ..........

Hot Keys on External Keyboard For Common Functions

User-Defined TTL Input/Output ..........

Using a Foot Switch or Button Box .........

Limit Test Pass/Fail TTL Input/Output .......

7-5

7-12

7-13

7-15

7-18

7-20

7-21

7-22

7-29

7-30

7-31

7-32

7-34

7-35

7-37

Contents-5

Analyzer Port Numbers ..............

7-39

Output for Large Screen External Monitor ........

7-40

Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall ....

7-41

Using Fast Recall with the Front Panel or a Keyboard

7-41

Using Fast Recall with a Switch ...........

7-43

Automated Measurement Setup and Control ......

7-44

Setting the Instrument State ............

7-46

SCPI Commands That Modify a Single Parameter ...

7-49

Fast Iterative Control ...............

7-50

Responsive Communication using SRQs .......

7-52

Using Both of the Analyzer’s Measurement Channels

7-52

AUTOST files ..................

7-53

Controlling Peripherals ................

7-54

Using the Parallel Port ...............

7-54

Writing to the Parallel Port .............

7-56

Reading from the Parallel Port ...........

7-59

Hardcopy Considerations ..............

7-60

Using the Serial Port ...............

7-61

Displaying Measurement Results ...........

7-62

Graticule On/Off .................

7-63

Limit Testing ...................

7-64

Customized X-axis Annotation ...........

7-66

Customized Measurement Channel Annotation ....

7-68

Markers

Title and Clock

7-69

7-71

Saving Measurement Results .............

7-72

Querying Measurement Data ............

7-72

Saving the Measurement to Disk-Save ASCII ....

7-73

Saving the Measurement to Disk-Save Data .....

7-74

Querying Marker Searches .............

7-74

Saving Measurement Results to Disk .........

7-75

Using Hardcopy Features to Print or Plot Results ...

7-76

Custom Data Sheets ................

7-80

Statistical Process Control .............

7-82

Transferring Files .................

7-82

Contents-6

-1

I-

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