GE MFE DMS 2 Manual de usuario

Krautkramer DMS 2 / 2E

Operating Manual

Inspection Technologies Ultrasonics

www.ge.com/inspectiontechnologies

DMS 2/DMS 2E

Operating Manual

GE Inspection Technologies Ultrasonics

Ident-Nr. 021-002-151, Rev. H

THIS PAGE

INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Important Notice

DMS 2 Operating Manual Page iii

Important Notice

The following information must be read and understood by any

user of a Krautkramer ultrasonic thickness gauge. Failure to

follow these instructions can lead to errors in thickness mea-

surements or other test results. Decisions based on erroneous

results can, in turn, lead to property damage, personal injury or

death.

General Warnings

Proper use of ultrasonic test equipment requires three essential

elements:

• Selection of the correct test equipment.

• Knowledge of the specific “test application requirements.”

• Training on the part of the instrument operator.

This operating manual provides instruction in the basic set up

and operation of the Krautkramer thickness gauge. There are,

however, additional factors which affect the use of ultrasonic

test equipment. Specific information regarding these additional

factors is beyond the scope of this manual. The operator

should refer to textbooks on the subject of ultrasonic testing for

more detailed information.

Operator Training

Operators must receive adequate training before using ultra-

sonic test equipment. Operators must be trained in general

ultrasonic testing procedures and in the set up and perfor-

mance required by a particular test. Operators must under-

stand:

• Soundwavepropagationtheory.

• Effects of the velocity of sound of the test material.

• Behavior of the sound wave where two different materials

are in contact.

• Areas covered by the sound beam.

More specific information about operator training, qualification,

certification, and test specifications is available from various

technicalsocieties,industrygroups,andgovernmentagencies.

Testing Limitations

In ultrasonic testing, information is obtained only from within the

limits of the sound beam. Operators must exercise great caution

in making inferences about the test material outside the limits of

the sound beam. For example, when testing large materials it

may be impossible or impractical to inspect the entire test piece.

Important Notice

Page iv DMS 2 Operating Manual

When a less-than-complete inspection is to be performed, the

operator must be shown the specific areas to inspect. Infer-

ences about the condition of areas not inspected, based on

data from the evaluated areas, should only be attempted by

personnelfullytrainedinapplicablestatisticalandprobability

techniques. In particular, materials subject to erosion or

corrosion,inwhichconditionscanvarysignificantlyinanygiven

area, should only be evaluated by fully trained and experienced

operators.

Sound beams reflect from the first interior surface encoun-

tered. Because of part geometry and overlapped flaws or

overlapped surfaces, thickness gauges may measure the

distance to an internal flaw rather than to the back wall of the

material. Operators must take steps to ensure that the entire

thickness of the test material is being examined.

Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement Critical Operating

Procedures

The following operating procedures must be observed by all

users of ultrasonic thickness gauges in order to minimize errors

intestresults.

Calibration of Sound Velocity

The principle of operation of an ultrasonic thickness gauge is

that the instrument measures the time of flight of an ultrasonic

pulse through the test piece and multiplies this time by the

velocity of sound in the material. Thickness measuring error is

minimized by ensuring that the sound velocity to which the

instrument is calibrated is the sound velocity of the material

being tested. Actual sound velocities in materials often vary

significantly from the values found in published tables. In all

cases, best results are obtained if the instrument is calibrated

on a velocity reference block made from the same material as

the test piece; this block should be flat and smooth and as thick

as the maximum thickness of the test piece.

Operators should also be aware that the sound velocity may

not be constant in the material being tested; heat treating, for

example, can cause significant changes in sound velocity. This

must be considered when evaluating the accuracy of the

thicknessprovidedbythisinstrument. Instrumentsshould

always be calibrated before testing, and the calibration should

be checked after testing, to minimize testing errors.

Important Notice

DMS 2 Operating Manual Page v

Probe Zero Procedure

The probe zero procedure must be performed as described in

this manual. The probe zero block should be clean, in good

condition, without noticeable wear. Failure to properly perform

the probe zero procedure will cause inaccurate thickness

readings.

Effects of Temperature on Calibration

Temperature variations change the sound velocity of materials

and transducer delay lines and, therefore, calibrations. All

calibrations should be performed on-site, and with test blocks

at the same temperature as the test piece, to minimize errors

due to temperature variations.

Transducer Selection

The transducer used in testing must be in good condition

without noticeable wear of the front surface. Badly worn

transducers will have a reduced effective measuring range.

The specified range of the transducer must include the com-

plete range of thicknesses to be tested. The temperature of

the material to be tested must be within the transducer’s

temperature range.

Use of Couplants

Operators must be familiar with the use of ultrasonic couplants.

Testing skills must be developed so that couplant is used and

applied in a consistent manner to minimize variations in

couplant layer thickness and errors in test results. Calibration

and actual testing should be performed under similar coupling

conditions, using a minimum amount of couplant and applying

consistentpressureonthetransducer.

Doubling

Ultrasonicthicknessgaugeswill,undercertainconditions,

display readings which are twice (or, in some cases, three

times) the actual material thickness being measured. This

effect, commonly known as “doubling,” can occur below the

minimum specified range of the transducer. If the transducer

being used is worn, doubling is possible at a thickness greater

than the minimum of the specified range.

When using a new transducer, any reading which is less than

twice the minimum specified range of the transducer may be a

“doubled” reading, and the thickness of the material being

tested should be verified by the use of other methods. If the

transducer shows any sign of wear, doubling may occur at a

Important Notice

Page vi DMS 2 Operating Manual

thickness greater than twice the minimum of the specified

range. This thickness should be determined by calibrating the

instrument/transducer combination on reference blocks that

represent the complete range of possible thicknesses that may

be encountered in testing. This is particularly important when

the test piece is being ultrasonically measured for the first time

or in any case where the history of thickness of the test

specimenisunknown.

Table of Contents

DMS 2 Operating Manual Page vii

Contents

................................................................................... Page

1. Getting Started................................................................ 1

1.1 How To Use This Manual..........................................1

1.2 Ten Steps to Launch Your Gauge............................. 1

1.3 How the DMS 2 Measures Thickness .................... 14

1.4 Important Features of the DMS 2 ...........................19

1.5 What’s in this Manual.............................................. 20

2. Understanding the DMS 2 Keyboard, Menu

System, and Displays ...................................................22

2.1 Recognizing Displays ............................................. 22

2.2 Menu System.......................................................... 24

2.3 Display Screen Features ........................................35

2.4 Keypad Features .................................................... 43

3. Setting Up the DMS 2..................................................... 45

3.1 BatteryInstallation .................................................. 45

........................................................................... Page

3.2 InitialInstrument Setup ...........................................46

3.2.1 DisplayAdjustment ..................................... 48

3.2.2 GlobalSettings ........................................... 50

3.2.3 OPER (Operation) Settings ........................ 52

3.3 Thickness Gauging Setup ......................................55

3.3.1 Probe Type/Measurement Mode

Specification ...............................................55

3.3.2 ALARMSettings .........................................62

3.3.3 Probe Zeroing Procedures .........................65

3.3.4 Calibration Procedures............................... 66

3.3.5 Locking the Instrument Settings .................69

3.4 Storing Data in the Data Recorder.......................... 71

3.4.1 Data Recorder Capabilities......................... 71

3.4.2 Building a Master Comment List ( )

and Using the Virtual Keyboard.................. 74

Table of Contents

Page viii DMS 2 Operating Manual

................................................................................... Page

3.4.3 Creating a Data File.................................... 75

3.4.4 Editing the Names of Elevations,

Locations, and other File Content Labels ... 82

3.4.5 Storing A-scans with Thickness

Measurements............................................84

3.4.6 Additional Information on Working with

DataFiles....................................................85

4. Measuring Thickness ................................................... 90

4.1 Working in the Test Mode ....................................... 91

4.1.1 Activatingthe Test Mode............................. 91

4.1.2 Freezing the A-scan Display

(TEST-FREEZE)......................................... 94

4.1.3 Using the Minimum-Capture Mode for

Enhanced Measurement ............................95

4.2 Measuring and Recording Thickness .....................97

4.2.1 Opening an Existing Data File .................... 97

4.2.2 Activating the Test Mode and Storing

Measurements............................................98

4.2.3 Closing a Data File ................................... 101

................................................................................... Page

4.3 Data Enhancement Features................................ 102

4.3.1 Attaching Comments to a Data Point........ 102

4.3.2 Recording Detailed Measurements with a

Micro-Grid................................................. 104

4.3.3 EditingExisting Files with theAppend,

Insert, and Delete Functions..................... 106

4.3.4 Changing the Digital Thickness Display to

Indicate an Uncoupled Probe

(I/O — LAST R) ........................................ 110

4.4 Adjusting theA-scan Display .................................111

4.4.1 How the A-scan Display can be Modified ..111

4.4.2 Adjusting the Instrument’s Gain................ 114

4.4.3 Adjusting Range ....................................... 115

4.4.4 PositioningtheA-scan with DELAY .......... 117

4.4.5 Purpose of the A-gate and B-gate ............ 118

4.4.6 Choosing the Rectification Method ........... 124

4.5 Working with B-scan Thickness Mapping.............126

4.6 Saving, Recalling, Clearing TG Setups

(Parameter Sets) .................................................. 130

............................................................................................

Table of Contents

DMS 2 Operating Manual Page ix

................................................................................... Page

5. Working with Stored Data ...........................................135

5.1 Introduction to the Data Recorder (DR) Mode...... 135

5.1.1 Selecting an Existing Data File ................. 140

5.1.2 Interpreting the DR Mode / RECORD

Submenu Display .....................................140

5.1.3 Closing (De-selecting) a Data File............ 143

5.1.4 Deletinga Data File .................................. 143

5.2 Navigating in the Data Recorder Mode ................ 144

5.2.1 ChangingtheActiveDataFile ..................144

5.2.2 Navigating from Point to Point Within a

DataFile ...................................................145

5.2.3 Moving to a Specific Position Within a

DataFile ...................................................145

5.2.4 Searching for Specific (Tagged)

Attributeswithina Data File ...................... 146

5.2.5 Automatic Advance Features.................... 150

5.2.6 Adjusting the Data Recorder

(NAV Window) Display ............................. 154

5.2.7 Storing and Recalling A-scans.................. 155

c ................................................................................. Page

5.3 Modifying a Data File’s Organization and

Contents ...............................................................156

5.3.1 EditingExisting Files with the Append,

Insert, and Delete Functions..................... 157

5.3.2 Modifying Data File Content Labels and

Notations................................................... 161

5.3.3 Changing Thickness Measurement

Values From the DR Mode .......................163

5.4 SettingThicknessAlarms .....................................164

5.5 Statistical Evaluationof DataFile Contents ..........165

5.6 Checking the Instrument’s Available Memory....... 166

6. Generating Reports, Printing Data, and Connecting

to External Devices..................................................... 167

6.1 Interfacing with External Devices.........................167

6.1.1 Specifying Printers.................................... 167

6.1.2 Connecting to a Personal Computer ........168

6.2 Sending Data Directly to a Printer ........................168

6.3 Generating Reports ..............................................169

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