Fluke 27/FM Manual de usuario

27/FM

MULTIME TER

Operator's Manual

FLUKE

P/N 828558

AUGUST 1987

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FLUKE 27/FM MULTIMETER OPERATOR'S MANUAL

CONTENTS

SECTION TITLE



PAGE

INTRODUCTION



UNPACKING THE INSTRUMENT



MULTIMETER SAFETY



BATTERY INSTALLATION AND REPLACEMENT



GETTING STARTED QUICKLY



POWER-UP OPTIONS AND TESTS



OPERATING FEATURES



MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CONSIDERATIONS



True RMS vs Average-Responding Meters



Measuring Voltage, AC/DC



Measuring Current, AC/DC



Current Measurement Error Calculations



Measuring Resistance



Diode and Continuity Testing



Measuring Conductance



Leakage Testing



USING THE ANALOG BAR GRAPH



Nulling



Contact Bounce



Checking Capacitors



Noisy Resistance Measurements



MAINTENANCE



General Maintenance



Tilt Stand Adjustment



Fuse Test



Fuse Replacement



SPECIFICATIONS



INTRODUCTION

The Fluke 27/FM Multimeter (hereinafter, also referred to as the "DMM" or

"meter") is a true rms, digital multimeter that provides unsurpassed

performance and operator safety in the most demanding working conditions. It

meets MIL-T-28800 Type II, Class 2, Style A specifications for shock,

vibration, humidity, and water resistance. The meter is powered by a 9V

battery with a life of 750 hours.

The Fluke 27/FM combines the precision of a digital meter with the speed and

versatility of an analog bar graph. Its 3200-count, digital display offers

better resolution than a conventional 3-1/2 digit, 2000-count display.

The 80K-6 High Voltage Probe that is shipped with the meter extends the

voltage measurement capability of the meter to 6000V. A 1000:1 voltage

Multimeter Safety

divider provides a high input impedance. Before using the 80K-6 probe, read

the instruction sheet that accompanies it.

UNPACKING THE INSTRUMENT

The meter is shipped with a 80K-6 high voltage probe (and instruction

sheet), TL70 test leads, two alligator clips (one red and one black), a 9V

alkaline battery, this operator's manual, and a protective carrying case for

meter and accessories. Contact the place of purchase immediately if anything

is missing or damaged.

When reshipping the meter, use the original container. If this container is

not available, we recommend that the instrument be surrounded by at least

three inches of shock-absorbing material in the shipping container.

MULTIMETER SAFETY

Before using the meter, read the following safety information carefully. In

this manual, the word "WARNING" is reserved for conditions and actions

that pose possible hazard(s) to the operator; the word "CAUTION" means

damage to the meter may occur. The symbols shown in Figure 1 are used

internationally to denote the electrical functions and conditions indicated.

Avoid working alone.

Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation or exposed metal.

Check test lead continuity. Damaged leads should be replaced.

Be sure the DMM is in good operating condition. During the

continuity test, a meter reading that goes from OL (overload) to 0

normally means the meter is working properly.

Select the proper function and range for your measurement.

A 101

When servicing, use only specified replacement parts.

OFF Ipower)

SWITCH

POSITION

VOLTAGE

DANGEROUS

ON Ipower)

SWITCH

POSITION

-I-

—

GROUND

...

„..

AC-

ALTERNATING

CURRENT

SEE

EXPLANATION



IN MANUAL

DC-

DIRECT CURRENT

DOUBLE

INSULATION

iProtection Class II)

•

- — —

EITHER

.-41.•

FUSE

Figure 1. International Electrical Symbols

Battery Installation and Replacement

WARNING

TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK OR DAMAGE TO THE METER, DO NOT

APPLY MORE THAN 1000V BETWEEN ANY TERMINAL AND EARTH GROUND.

WARNING

TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK, USE CAUTION WHEN WORKING ABOVE

60V DC OR 25V AC RMS. SUCH VOLTAGES POSE A SHOCK HAZARD.

Disconnect the live (hot) test lead before disconnecting the common

test lead.

Follow all safety procedures for equipment being tested. Disconnect

the input power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors through a

protective impedance before testing in the



and

functions.

When making a current measurement, turn the power off before

connecting the'DMM in the circuit.

Check DMM fuses before measuring transformer secondary or motor

winding current. An open fuse may allow high voltage build-up,

which is potentially hazardous.

WARNING

TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK, REMOVE THE TEST LEADS AND ANY

INPUT SIGNALS BEFORE REPLACING THE BATTERY OR FUSES.

BATTERY INSTALLATION AND REPLACEMENT

The meter is powered by a single 9V battery (NEDA 1604, 6F22, or 006P).

Referring to Figure 2, use the following procedure to install (and replace)

the battery.

Disconnect test leads from any live source, turn the rotary switch

to OFF, and remove the test leads from the input terminals.

Lift the instrument stand on the back of the Fluke 27/FM, then

remove the four (#6 X 32) screws from the battery cover.

Pull the battery cover straight out from the back of the meter.

(A coin-slot in the side of the battery cover facilitates removal.)

•



Snap the battery connector to the terminals on the battery, then

slide the battery into the battery holder. Slip each battery lead

into the slot in the holder as shown in Figure 2.



Insert the battery holder/cover into the meter, then start the four

screws removed in step 2. Press firmly on the battery cover while

tightening the screws in a diagonal pattern.

Getting started Quickly

Figure 2.

Battery

Installation and Replacement

GETTING STARTED QUICKLY

NOTE

Read "MULTIMETER SAFETY" (above) before using the DMM.

Familiarize yourself with the layout of the meter, taking note of the

location of the input terminals, rotary switch, push buttons and display.

After doing so, you probably already have a good idea how to use the meter

to take basic voltage, current, and resistance measurements. Simply:

Insert the test leads in the appropriate input terminals, and set

the rotary switch to the desired position.

To select additional functions and modes, press the appropriate

pushbuttons above the rotary switch.

o To operate the MIN/MAX and [manual] RANGE features: press to

select, press again to increment, and press and hold for two

seconds to exit.

o To operate the [Touch] HOLD and REL[ative] features: press to

activate and press again to exit.

An annunciator lights on the display to indicate that a function

has been selected.

Power-up Options and Tests



To take a measurement, make the proper contacts with the test lead

probes, inserting the meter in the circuit (in series for current

or in parallel for voltage measurements). Read the measurement on

the display. If you did not manually select a range (by using the

RANGE button), the range which provides the best resolution is

automatically selected for you.

This simple procedure will allow you to take basic measurements. However, to

use your meter to full advantage, read the remainder of this manual.

POWER-UP OPTIONS AND TESTS

To power up the meter, turn the rotary function selector switch from OFF to

any position. The meter then performs a selftest and battery check. During

the selftest all display segments are switched on for about 1 second, then

the display blanks. The meter is now operational.

The battery test performed at power up (and each time you select a different

function with the rotary switch) determines if the voltage is below 6.3V. If

it is, the C-2 annunciator comes on and remains on until the battery

recovers or is replaced (i.e, voltage is above the above the 6.3V.)

The meter powers up in the autorange mode. In autorange, the meter

automatically selects the appropriate range for the measurement being taken.

If the function selected has only one range, then the

symbol is

displayed. The operating range is indicated by the decimal point position

and range indicator in the display, and in the

function by the presence

of the M or k annunciators. There is no annunciator for the autorange mode.

The meter is in autorange unless the manual range annunciator is on.

Manual ranging can be selected at power up by pressing and holding the RANGE

button while the function switch is moved from OFF to any ON position. To

return to the autorange mode, press RANGE for approximately two seconds.

If the HOLD push button is pressed while the function switch is moved from

OFF to any ON position, automatic updates in the Touch-Hold* mode are

defeated and the Touch-Hold mode only displays a new reading when HOLD

button is pressed. This is useful when you want to take a reading at a

specific time and hold it.

OPERATING FEATURES

The meter is operated from the front panel. All operating features and

functions are described below and are keyed by number to the illustration

inside the front cover.

(DDigital Display:

3200-count, liquid crystal display (LCD) with automatic decimal point

positioning. Updated two times per second. When the meter is first

turned on, all display segments appear while the instrument performs a

brief power-up self-test.

* Touch-Hold is a trademark of the John Fluke Manufacturing Co., Inc.

Function Selection

Function Selector Rotary Switch:

To select one of ten functions (or OFF), listed below, turn the function

selector rotary switch to the position for the desired function. Refer

to Table 1 for input terminals and limits and to specifications in Table

for available ranges.



Volts dc



Millivolts dc



Volts ac

rn1/



Millivolts ac

Ohms (resistance), also conductance (1/ohms) in nanosiemens (nS)

1-1



Continuity or diode test

rnAJA



Milliamps or amperes ac



Microamps dc

nIAJA



Milliamps or amperes dc



Microamps ac

Table 1. Input Terminals and Limits

FUNCTION

INPUT TERMINALS

Red Lead



Black Lead

MIN DISPLAY

READING

MAX DISPLAY

READING

MAXIMUM

INPUT



V f) -ol-



COM

0.001V

1000V



.--



V 0 -41÷



COM

0.1

320.0 mV

500V

(nS)

V f) -I+



COM

V 0

44-



COM

o.in

0.01 nS

32.00 MD

32.00 nS

500V

Wo 44-

V r2 44-



COM

0.001V 2.08V 500V



mA/A



COM

0.01A

20.00A*

10A*



600V



COM

0.01 mA 320.0 mA

320 mA



600V



/./A



COM

0.1 pA 3200 pA

320 mA

600V

10A continous,

20A for 30 seconds maximum

"320mA continous, 1A for 30 seconds maximum

-6-

Input Terminals and Operating Modes

(2)



Volt, Ohms, Diode Test Input Terminal:

Input terminal used in conjunction with the volts, mV (ac or dc), ohms,

or diode test position of the function selector rotary switch.

COM



Common Terminal:

Common or return terminal used for all measurements.

0mA



Milliamp/Microamp Input Terminal:

Input terminal used for current measurements up to 320 mA (ac or dc)

with the function selector rotary switch in the mA or uA position.



Amperes Input Terminal:

Input terminal used for current measurements up to 10A continuous (20A

for 30 seconds) with the function selector rotary switch in the mA/A

position (ac or dc)..

RANGE®



Manual Range Mode Pushbutton:

Press once to enter manual range mode, press again to increment range,

press and hold for 2 seconds to return to autorange. Meter returns to

autorange if the function selector is switched to any other position.

There is no autorange annunciator; absence of the manual range

annunciator indicates the meter is in autorange. If RANGE is depressed

and held for the duration of the selftest, while the function switch is

moved from OFF to any ON position, manual ranging will be selected in

all functions.

RELA



Relative Mode Pushbutton:

Press momentarily to enter the Relative mode and store the displayed

reading. The display will read zero. Press again to update the stored

digital reading. Press and hold for 2 seconds to exit the Relative mode.

The Relative mode stores a digital reading and displays the change

(difference) between the stored reading and any following reading. For

example, if the stored reading is 15.00V and the present reading is

14.10V, the display will indicate -0.90V. The analog bar graph continues

to display the actual reading (14.10V). If the difference exceeds

3999

counts (without overloading the input), OF (overflow) is displayed. The

Relative mode selects manual ranging; changing ranges automatically

exits the Relative mode.

(::) MIN/MAX



Mode Pushbutton:

Press momentarily to enter MIN/MAX mode, press again to toggle between

MIN and MAX indications. Press and hold for 2 seconds to exit MIN/MAX

mode. The meter stores the minimum and maximum digital readings, and

will display either reading as selected by the operator. Press the

HOLD/RESET button to reset the MIN/MAX readings to the present input.

Operating Modes and LCD Annunciators

The MIN/MAX mode selects manual ranging; use a range that can record the

maximum anticipated input. Range changes reset previously recorded

MIN/MAX readings. Exiting the MIN/MAX mode does not reset the previously

recorded readings unless the range or function is changed. The MIN/MAX

mode overrides the Touch-Hold mode.

HOLD EJ



Touch-Hold Mode Pushbutton:

Press momentarily to enter Touch-Hold mode. In Touch-Hold, the meter

captures a stable measurement and holds it on the display. The operator

can watch the probes while taking measurements in difficult or hazardous

circuits, then look at the display when convenient. The meter beeps and

the display is automatically updated each time a new, stable measurement

is made. Press momentarily to manually update reading. Press and hold

for 2 seconds to exit Touch-Hold mode. If HOLD is depressed and held for

the duration of the selftest, while the function switch is moved from

OFF to any ON position, the Touch-Hold mode will only update to a new

reading when the HOLD button is pressed. (Automatic Touch-Hold updates

are defeated.) This is useful when you want to take a reading at a

specific time and hold it.

MIN



Minimum Value Annunciator:

Indicates that the meter is in the MIN/MAX recording mode, and the value

displayed is the minimum digital reading taken since reset or since

entering MIN/MAX. Refer to item

for operation.

(2) MAX



Maximum Value Annunciator:

Indicates that the meter is in the MIN/MAX recording mode, and the value

displayed is the maximum digital reading taken since reset or since

entering MIN/MAX. Refer to item

for operation.



Relative Value Annunciator:

Indicates that the meter is in the Relative mode and that the value

displayed is relative (the difference between the present measurement

and the previously stored reading). Refer to item 8 for operation.

Touch-Hold Mode Annunciator:

Displayed when the Touch-Hold mode is in use. Refer to item 10 for

operation.

Mkt')



Resistance Annunciators:

The appropriate annunciator (M, k, or

n )

is displayed for the

resistance range in use.

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