Cromemco ZPU Manual de usuario

Part

No.

023-0012

CROMEMCO

ZPU

Instruction

Manual

CROMEMCO,

INC.

280

Bernardo

Avenue

Mountain

View,

94040

1978

September

1978

ZPU

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

TABLE

CONTENTS

Section

INTRODUCTION

•••••••••••••••.••••••••••.••••••••

Section

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

.•••••••••••••••••.••••••

2.1

POWER-ON

JUMP

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

2.2

Z-80A

CLOCK

FREQUENCY

SELECTION

••••••••••••••••

2.3

WAIT

STATE

SELECTION

••••••.••••••••••••••••••••

2.4

ADDRESS

MIRROR

SELECTION

•••••••••••••••.••.••••

2.5

REFRESH ENABLE

...•.•••...•...•..•.•.......••...

2.6

ALTAIR

IMSAI INSTALLATION

••.•••••

;

••••.•••••

Section

THE

S-100

BUS

•.••••••.•••••••••••••••.•••••••••

Section

ASSEMBLY

INSTRUCTIONS

••••••••••••.•••••••••••••

ZPU

PARTS

LIST

•••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••

ZPU

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

Section

INTRODUCTION

This

manual

contains

assembly

and

operating

instructions

for

Cromemco's

powerful

MHz

S-100

bus

compatible

Z-80A

CPU

card

(ZPU).

The

ZPU

designed

bring

the

power

and

speed

the

Z-80A

processor

systems

using

the

8080-oriented

100

bus.

Thus,

the

manual

also

includes

extensive

section

detailing

S-100

bus

features.

Read

Section

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS,

before

inserting

the

ZPU

into

your

system

S-100

bus.

TECHNICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

Z-80A

Microprocessor

Card

PROCESSOR: 4MHz version

the

Z-80.

CLOCK

RATE:

2/4

MHz

(switch

selectable).

INSTRUCTION

SET:

158

instructions

including

the

instructions

the

8080.

POWER-ON JUMP:

jumper

wire

enabled.

POWER-ON JUMP

LOCATIONS:

16 locations switch selectable.

WAIT

STATE

GENERATION:

o- 4wait

states

per

wire

selectable.

WAIT

STATE:

jumper

wire selectable.

BUS: S-100.

POWER

REQUIREMENTS:

+8 volts @

1.1 A.

OPERATING

ENVIRONMENT:

0 -

55°C.

ZPU

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

SECTION 2

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

The

Cromemco

ZPU

S-100

bus

compatible

CPU

(Central

Processing

Unit)

which

uses

the

powerful

Z-80A

mi c

roprocesso

The

Cromemco

has

exc

set

features

designed

increase

your

total

system

computing

power.

Most

importantly,

the

ZPU

operates

reliably

a 4

MHz

clock

rate--twice

the

speed

most

other

microcomputer

systems.

The

ZPU

offers

Power-On

Jump

capability,

on-

board

wait

state

generator,

optional

independent

selection

wait

states,

address

mirroring

circuitry,

and

several

other

features

discussed

this

section.

2.1

POWER-ON

JUMP

The

ZPU

Power-On

Jump

circuitry

allows

the

board

used

S-100

bus

system

thout

front

panel

controls

(e.

g.,

Cromemco

Z-2,

Z-2D

and

SYSTEM

THREE).

When

system

power

turned

ON,

the

ZPU

hardware

forces

and

automatic

jump

one-of-sixteen

memory

location

selected

with

the

four

position

Jump

Address

select

switch.

The

automatic

jump

address

corresponding

each

switch

setting

tabulated

below:

ZPU

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

SWITCH

POWER-ON

A15 A14 A13 A12

JUMP

ADDRESS

0 0 0 0

0000H

0 0 0 1

1000H

0 0 10

2000H

001 1

3000H

01 0 0

4000H

01 0 1

5000H

01 1 0

6000H

01 1 1

7000H

10 0 0

8000H

10 0 1

9000H

1010A000H

101 1 B000H

1 1 0 0 C000H

110 1 D000H

11 1 0E000H

1 1 1 1

F000H

Note

the

Jump

Address

switch

determines

the

four

highest

order

bits

the

jump

address,

with

all

other

address

bits

set

logic

EXAMPLE

Suppose

you

have

Cromemco

Z-2D

System

which

comes

standard

with

4FDC

card

and

RDOS

(Resident

Disk

Operating

System)

PROM

memory.

This

program,

which

resides

C000-

C3FFH,

provides

convenient

way

start-up

system.

effect

automatic

jump

location

C000H,

the

Jump

Address

switch

should

set

shown

below:

ZPU

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

JUMP

ADDRESS

1 0

-zo

c:::::J

.....

CL]N

D:]w

CC~

EXAMPLE 2

Suppose

you

have

Cromemco

Z-2

System,

and

you

want

force

jump

the

Z-81O

Monitor

program

after

system

Power-On

RESET.

The

Z-81O

Moni

tor

spans

addresses

EIOIOIO-

E3FFH,

you

would

then

set

the

Jump

Address

switch

EIOIOIOH

shown

below:

JUMP

ADDRESS

1 0

-zo

c:::::J

.....

c::::JN

c:::::J

w13

c::c~

Your

ZPU

factory

shipped

with

the

Power-On

Jump

fea

ture

enabled.

disable

the

function

(resulting

automatic

jump

address

IOIOIOIOH

only

Power-On

Clear

RESET),

carefully

cut

the

foil

trace

connecting

two

points

the

board

labeled

"JUMP

ENABLE".

I f

you

com

put

e r s ys t em

has

SET

and

EXAM

fro

n t

panel

controls,

the

function

each

these

swi

tches

ZPU

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

altered

when

the

automatic

jump

feature

enabled.

Following

system

RESET,

the

rst

instruction

executed

not

address

0000H,

but

rather

one

the

sixteen

addresses

specified

with

the

Jump

Address

switch.

Immediatley

after

RESET,

the

EXAMINE

switch

must

toggled

twice

order

examine

the

automatic

jump

location:

once

clear

the

automatic

jump

and

second

time

perform

the

actual

examine

operation.

For

computers

with

front

panel

switches

and

indicators,

you

can

see

how

the

Power-On

Jump

works

pressing

the

STOP

switch,

then

raising

the

RESET

switch.

The

number

C3H

should

appear

the

DATA

display.

This

the

code

the

hardware

jump

instruction.

Now

press

the

EXAMINE NEXT

switch;

all

0's

will

appear

the

DATA

display

indicating

the

low

order

bits

the

jump

address.

Press

the

EXAMINE

switch

again;

the

high

order

bits

the

jump

address

will

now

appear

the

DATA

display.

The

lower

four

bits

will

all

0's,

and

the

higher

four

bits

will

display

the

Jump

Address

switch

bits.

2.2

Z-80A

CLOCK

FREQUENCY

SELECTION

The

Z-80A

may

clocked

ther

MHz

(wi

250

nsec

cycle

time)

MHz

(wi

500

nesc

cycle

time).

The

operating

frequency

switch

selectable

with

the

toggle

switch

labeled

"2"

MHz)

and

"4"

MHz).

ZPU INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

The

line

previously

labeled

"STACK"

the

S-100

bus

used

the

ZPU

a 4

MHz

indicator

line.

The

Cromemco

Z-l

System

front

panel

indicator

which

monitors

this

line

labeled

MHz"

may

labeled

"STACK"

non-Cromemco

products).

The

indicator

will

for

MHz

operation,

and

OFF

for

MHz

operation.

2.3

WAIT STATE

SELECTION

The

ZPU

features

on-board

WAIT STATE

generator

match

the

Z-80A

clock

frequency

your

system's

memory

access

time.

The

ZPU

allows

two

types

wait

state

insertion.

The

first

inserts

from

wait

state

cycles

cycle

250

nsec

4MHz;

500

nsec

2MHz)

during

every

machine

cycle;

the

second

type

inserts

either

one

additional

wait

states

during

instruction

fetch

cycle

only

(referred

Ml-cycle

the

Zilog

literature),

where

the

timing

requirements

are

the

tightest.

you

are

using

Cromemco

memory

boards,

leave

your

ZPU

its

factory

wired

condition

(no

wait

states);

all

wait

sta

select

done

the

memo

boards

requi

red.

Wait

state

selection

accomodate

other

boards

accomplished

re-configuring

ZPU

board

jumpers

and

(just

the

left

the

Z-80A

chip).

ZPU

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

~=\W

jumper

wire

from

"w"

points

labeled

and

selects

wait

states

every

machine

cycle.

jumper

from

"Ml"

points

labeled

and

selects

either

additional

wait

states

during

cycle.

When

opera

t i

the

ZPU

MHz,

250

nsec

memory

boa

requires

wait

states

compatible

with

the

Z-80A

CPU.

Each

additional

W-wait

state

(from

one

three)

slows

the

requi

red

memory

access

time

250

nsec,

whi

Ml-wai

state

slows

the

required

memory

access

time

additional

110

nsec

(approx.)

•

The

corresponding

figures

for

2MHz

operation

are;

wait

states

for

500

nsec

memory

boards,

500

nsec

per

W-wait

state

added,

and

additional

235

nsec

(approx.

)

for

Ml-wait

state.

You

may

find

these

figures

somewhat

conservative

actual

practice.

get

the

maximum

performance

from

your

memory,

you

may

wish

experimentally

find

the

fewest

number

wait

states

required

for

reliable

operation.

The

ZPU

comes

factory

pre-wired

for

wait

states.

change

necessary,

carefully

cut

the

factory

installed

foil

trace

between

points

labeled

"w"

and

"0",

between

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