Compaq DEC Text Processing Utility (DECTPU) Guide Manual de usuario

Guide to the DEC Text

ProcessingUtility

Order Number: AA–PWCBD–TE

April 2001

This manual introduces the DEC Text Processing Utility (DECTPU). It

is for experienced programmers as well as new users of DECTPU.

Revision/Update Information: This manual supersedes the Guide

to the DEC Text Processing Utility,

Version 3.1

Software Version: OpenVMS Alpha Version 7.3

OpenVMS VAX Version 7.3

The content of this manual has not

changed sinced OpenVMS Version 7.1

Compaq Computer Corporation

Houston, Texas

Compaq, VAX, VMS and the Compaq logo Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Ofﬁce.

OpenVMS is a trademark of Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P. in the United States and

other countries.

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Motif is a registered trademark of the The Open Group.

All other product names mentioned herein may be the trademarks or registered trademarks of their

respective companies.

Conﬁdential computer software. Valid license from Compaq or authorized sublicensor required

for possession, use, or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer

Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are

licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor’s standard commercial license.

Compaq shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The

information in this document is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind and is subject

to change without notice. The warranties for Compaq products are set forth in the express

limited warranty statements accompanying such products. Nothing herein should be construed as

constituting an additional warranty.

ZK6018

The Compaq OpenVMS documentation set is available on CD-ROM.

This document was prepared using DECdocument, Version 3.3-1b.

Contents

Preface ............................................................ ix

1 Overview of the DEC Text Processing Utility

1.1 Description of DECTPU ....................................... 1–1

1.1.1 DECTPU Features ........................................ 1–1

1.1.2 DECTPU and User Applications ............................. 1–2

1.1.3 DECTPU Environments .................................... 1–2

1.2 Description of DECwindows DECTPU ............................ 1–2

1.2.1 DECwindows DECTPU and DECwindows Features .............. 1–3

1.2.2 DECwindows DECTPU and the DECwindows User Interface

Language ............................................... 1–4

1.3 Description of EVE. . . ........................................ 1–4

1.4 DECTPU Language . . ........................................ 1–5

1.4.1 Data Types .............................................. 1–6

1.4.2 Language Declarations..................................... 1–6

1.4.3 Language Statements ..................................... 1–6

1.4.4 Built-In Procedures ....................................... 1–6

1.4.5 User-Written Procedures . . . ................................ 1–7

1.5 Terminals Supported by DECTPU ............................... 1–7

1.6 Learning Path for DECTPU .................................... 1–8

2 Getting Started with DECTPU

2.1 Invoking DECTPU on OpenVMS Systems . . ....................... 2–1

2.1.1 Default File Speciﬁcations . . ................................ 2–2

2.1.2 Startup Files ............................................ 2–2

2.2 Invoking DECTPU from a DCL Command Procedure . ............... 2–3

2.2.1 Setting Up a Special Editing Environment ..................... 2–3

2.2.2 Creating a Noninteractive Application . . ....................... 2–4

2.3 Invoking DECTPU from a Batch Job ............................. 2–6

2.4 Using Journal Files . . ........................................ 2–6

2.4.1 Keystroke Journaling ...................................... 2–7

2.4.2 Buffer-Change Journaling . . ................................ 2–7

2.4.3 Buffer-Change Journal File-Naming Algorithm . . . ............... 2–8

2.5 Avoiding Errors Related to Virtual Address Space ................... 2–8

2.6 Using OpenVMS EDIT/TPU Command Qualiﬁers ................... 2–9

2.6.1 /CHARACTER_SET ....................................... 2–9

2.6.2 /COMMAND............................................. 2–10

2.6.3 /CREATE ............................................... 2–11

2.6.4 /DEBUG ................................................ 2–12

2.6.5 /DISPLAY............................................... 2–12

2.6.6 /INITIALIZATION ........................................ 2–13

2.6.7 /INTERFACE ............................................ 2–14

iii

2.6.8 /JOURNAL. . ............................................ 2–14

2.6.9 /MODIFY . . . ............................................ 2–15

2.6.10 /OUTPUT . . . ............................................ 2–16

2.6.11 /READ_ONLY............................................ 2–17

2.6.12 /RECOVER. . ............................................ 2–18

2.6.13 /SECTION . . ............................................ 2–19

2.6.14 /START_POSITION . . . .................................... 2–20

3 DEC Text Processing Utility Data Types

3.1 Array Data Type ............................................ 3–2

3.2 Buffer Data Type ............................................ 3–3

3.3 Integer Data Type ........................................... 3–4

3.4 Keyword Data Type .......................................... 3–5

3.5 Learn Data Type ............................................ 3–7

3.6 Marker Data Type ........................................... 3–8

3.7 Pattern Data Type ........................................... 3–10

3.7.1 Using Pattern Built-In Procedures and Keywords ................ 3–12

3.7.2 Using Keywords to Build Patterns ............................ 3–12

3.7.3 Using Pattern Operators ................................... 3–13

3.7.3.1 + (Pattern Concatenation Operator) ........................ 3–13

3.7.3.2 & (Pattern Linking Operator) ............................ 3–13

3.7.3.3 | (Pattern Alternation Operator) ......................... 3–14

3.7.3.4 @ (Partial Pattern Assignment Operator) ................... 3–14

3.7.3.5 Relational Operators ................................... 3–15

3.7.4 Compiling and Executing Patterns ........................... 3–16

3.7.5 Searching for a Pattern .................................... 3–16

3.7.6 Anchoring a Pattern. . . .................................... 3–17

3.8 Process Data Type ........................................... 3–18

3.9 Program Data Type .......................................... 3–18

3.10 Range Data Type ............................................ 3–19

3.11 String Data Type ............................................ 3–20

3.12 Unspeciﬁed Data Type ........................................ 3–21

3.13 Widget Data Type ........................................... 3–22

3.14 Window Data Type ........................................... 3–22

3.14.1 Deﬁning Window Dimensions................................ 3–23

3.14.2 Creating Windows ........................................ 3–23

3.14.3 Displaying Window Values .................................. 3–24

3.14.4 Mapping Windows ........................................ 3–24

3.14.5 Removing Windows . . . .................................... 3–25

3.14.6 Using the Screen Manager .................................. 3–25

3.14.7 Getting Information on Windows . ............................ 3–25

3.14.8 Terminals That Do Not Support Windows . . . ................... 3–26

4 Lexical Elements of the DEC Text Processing Utility Language

4.1 Overview .................................................. 4–1

4.2 Case Sensitivity of Characters .................................. 4–1

4.3 Character Sets . . ............................................ 4–2

4.3.1 DEC Multinational Character Set (DEC_MCS) .................. 4–2

4.3.2 ISO Latin1 Character Set (ISO_LATIN1)....................... 4–3

4.3.3 General Character Sets .................................... 4–3

4.3.4 Entering Control Characters ................................ 4–3

4.3.5 DECTPU Symbols ........................................ 4–4

4.4 Identiﬁers . ................................................ 4–5

4.5 Variables . . ................................................ 4–5

4.6 Constants . . ................................................ 4–6

4.7 Operators . . ................................................ 4–7

4.8 Expressions ................................................ 4–8

4.8.1 Arithmetic Expressions .................................... 4–10

4.8.2 Relational Expressions ..................................... 4–10

4.8.3 Pattern Expressions ....................................... 4–11

4.8.4 Boolean Expressions ...................................... 4–11

4.9 Reserved Words ............................................. 4–12

4.9.1 Keywords ............................................... 4–12

4.9.2 Built-In Procedure Names . . ................................ 4–12

4.9.3 Predeﬁned Constants ...................................... 4–12

4.9.4 Declarations and Statements ................................ 4–13

4.9.4.1 Module Declaration .................................... 4–14

4.9.4.2 Procedure Declaration . . ................................ 4–15

4.9.4.3 Procedure Names ...................................... 4–15

4.9.4.4 Procedure Parameters . . ................................ 4–15

4.9.4.5 Procedures That Return a Result . . . ....................... 4–18

4.9.4.6 Recursive Procedures . . . ................................ 4–18

4.9.4.7 Local Variables ........................................ 4–19

4.9.4.8 Constants ............................................ 4–19

4.9.4.9 ON_ERROR Statements ................................ 4–19

4.9.4.10 Assignment Statement . . ................................ 4–20

4.9.4.11 Repetitive Statement . . . ................................ 4–20

4.9.4.12 Conditional Statement . . ................................ 4–20

4.9.4.13 Case Statement ....................................... 4–21

4.9.4.14 Error Handling ....................................... 4–23

4.9.4.15 Procedural Error Handlers............................... 4–24

4.9.4.16 Case-Style Error Handlers ............................... 4–25

4.9.4.17 Ctrl/C Handling ....................................... 4–28

4.9.4.18 RETURN Statement . . . ................................ 4–28

4.9.4.19 ABORT Statement ..................................... 4–29

4.9.5 Miscellaneous Declarations . ................................ 4–30

4.9.5.1 EQUIVALENCE ....................................... 4–30

4.9.5.2 LOCAL.............................................. 4–30

4.9.5.3 CONSTANT . . ........................................ 4–32

4.9.5.4 VARIABLE . . . ........................................ 4–32

4.10 Lexical Keywords ............................................ 4–32

4.10.1 Conditional Compilation . . . ................................ 4–33

4.10.2 Specifying the Radix of Numeric Constants ..................... 4–34

5 DEC Text Processing Utility Program Development

5.1 Creating DECTPU Programs . . . ................................ 5–1

5.1.1 Simple Programs . ........................................ 5–2

5.1.2 Complex Programs ........................................ 5–2

5.1.3 Program Syntax . . ........................................ 5–3

5.2 Programming in DECwindows DECTPU . . . ....................... 5–4

5.2.1 Widget Support . . ........................................ 5–4

5.2.2 Input Focus Support ...................................... 5–5

5.2.3 Global Selection Support ................................... 5–6

5.2.3.1 Difference Between Global Selection and Clipboard . ........... 5–6

5.2.3.2 Handling of Multiple Global Selections . . ................... 5–6

5.2.3.3 Relation of Global Selection to Input Focus .................. 5–6

5.2.3.4 Response to Requests for Information About the Global

Selection ............................................ 5–7

5.2.4 Using Callbacks .......................................... 5–7

5.2.4.1 Background on DECwindows Callbacks . . ................... 5–8

5.2.4.2 Internally Deﬁned DECTPU Callback Routines and

Application-Level Callback Action Routines .................. 5–8

5.2.4.3 Internally Deﬁned DECTPU Callback Routines with UIL ....... 5–8

5.2.4.4 Internally Deﬁned DECTPU Callback Routines with Widgets Not

Deﬁned by UIL . . . .................................... 5–9

5.2.4.5 Application-Level Callback Action Routines .................. 5–9

5.2.4.6 Callable Interface-Level Callback Routines .................. 5–9

5.2.5 Using Closures ........................................... 5–10

5.2.6 Specifying Values for Widget Resources in DECwindows DECTPU . . . 5–10

5.2.6.1 DECTPU Data Types for Specifying Resource Values .......... 5–10

5.2.6.2 Specifying a List as a Resource Value . . . ................... 5–11

5.3 Writing Code Compatible with DECwindows EVE ................... 5–13

5.3.1 Select Ranges in DECwindows EVE .......................... 5–13

5.3.1.1 Dynamic Selection . .................................... 5–13

5.3.1.2 Static Selection . . . .................................... 5–13

5.3.1.3 Found Range Selection.................................. 5–14

5.3.1.4 Relation of EVE Selection to DECwindows Global Selection . . . . . 5–14

5.4 Compiling DECTPU Programs .................................. 5–14

5.4.1 Compiling on the EVE Command Line ........................ 5–15

5.4.2 Compiling in a DECTPU Buffer . . ............................ 5–15

5.5 Executing DECTPU Programs .................................. 5–15

5.5.1 Procedure Execution . . .................................... 5–16

5.5.2 Process Suspension . . . .................................... 5–16

5.6 Using DECTPU Startup Files .................................. 5–17

5.6.1 Section Files. ............................................ 5–17

5.6.2 Command Files .......................................... 5–17

5.6.3 Initialization Files ........................................ 5–18

5.6.4 Sequence in Which DECTPU Processes Startup Files . . ........... 5–18

5.6.5 Using Section Files . . . .................................... 5–19

5.6.5.1 Creating and Processing a New Section File ................. 5–19

5.6.5.2 Extending an Existing Section File ........................ 5–20

5.6.5.3 Sample Section File .................................... 5–21

5.6.5.4 Recommended Conventions for Section Files ................. 5–23

5.6.6 Using Command Files . .................................... 5–24

5.6.7 Using EVE Initialization Files . . . ............................ 5–25

5.6.7.1 Using an EVE Initialization File at Startup ................. 5–26

5.6.7.2 Using an EVE Initialization File During an Editing Session . . . . . 5–27

5.6.7.3 How an EVE Initialization File Affects Buffer Settings ......... 5–27

5.7 Debugging DECTPU Programs ................................. 5–28

5.7.1 Using Your Own Debugger .................................. 5–28

5.7.2 Using the DECTPU Debugger . . . ............................ 5–28

5.7.2.1 Debugging Section Files ................................. 5–28

5.7.2.2 Debugging Command Files . . ............................ 5–29

5.7.2.3 Debugging Other DECTPU Source Code . ................... 5–29

5.7.3 Getting Started with the DECTPU Debugger ................... 5–29

5.8 Handling Errors . ............................................ 5–30

A Sample DECTPU Procedures

A.1 Line-Mode Editor ............................................ A–1

A.2 Translation of Control Characters ............................... A–2

A.3 Restoring Terminal Width Before Exiting from DECTPU ............. A–6

A.4 Running DECTPU from an OpenVMS Subprocess . . . ............... A–7

B DECTPU Terminal Support

B.1 Using Screen-Oriented Editing on Supported Terminals .............. B–1

B.1.1 Terminal Settings on OpenVMS Systems That Affect DECTPU ..... B–1

B.1.2 SET TERMINAL Command . ................................ B–3

B.2 Using Line-Mode Editing on Unsupported Terminals . ............... B–3

B.3 Using Terminal Wrap . ........................................ B–3

C DECTPU Debugger Commands

Index

Examples

1–1 Sample User-Written Procedure .............................. 1–7

2–1 DCL Command Procedure FILENAME.COM.................... 2–4

2–2 DCL Command Procedure FORTRAN_TS.COM . . ............... 2–4

2–3 DCL Command Procedure INVISIBLE_TPU.COM ............... 2–5

2–4 DECTPU Command File GSR.TPU ........................... 2–5

3–1 Suppressing the Addition of Padding Blanks .................... 3–10

4–1 Global and Local Variable Declarations . ....................... 4–5

4–2 Global and Local Constant Declarations ....................... 4–6

4–3 Procedure That Uses Relational Operators on Markers ............ 4–11

4–4 Simple Procedure with Parameters ........................... 4–16

4–5 Complex Procedure with Optional Parameters................... 4–17

4–6 Procedure That Returns a Result ............................. 4–18

4–7 Procedure Within Another Procedure . . . ....................... 4–18

4–8 Recursive Procedure....................................... 4–19

4–9 Procedure That Uses the CASE Statement ..................... 4–22

4–10 Procedure That Uses the ON_ERROR Statement . ............... 4–24

4–11 Procedure with a Case-Style Error Handler ..................... 4–26

4–12 Procedure That Returns a Value ............................. 4–28

4–13 Procedure That Returns a Status............................. 4–29

4–14 Using RETURN in an ON_ERROR Section ..................... 4–29

4–15 Simple Error Handler ..................................... 4–30

5–1 SHOW (SUMMARY) Display ................................ 5–2

5–2 Syntax of a DECTPU Program............................... 5–3

5–3 Sample DECTPU Programs . ................................ 5–4

5–4 Sample Program for a Section File............................ 5–20

5–5 Source Code for Minimal Interface to DECTPU . . . ............... 5–22

5–6 Command File for GOTO_TEXT_MARKER ..................... 5–25

5–7 SHOW DEFAULTS BUFFER Display . . ....................... 5–27

vii

A–1 Line-Mode Editing ........................................ A–1

A–2 Procedure to Display Control Characters ....................... A–2

A–3 Procedure to Restore Screen to Original Width .................. A–6

A–4 Procedure to Run DECTPU from a Subprocess .................. A–7

B–1 DCL Command Procedure for SET TERM/NOWRAP. . . ........... B–4

Figures

1–1 DECTPU as a Base for EVE ................................ 1–2

1–2 DECTPU as a Base for User-Written Interfaces ................. 1–5

Tables

2–1 Default File Speciﬁcations on OpenVMS Systems ................ 2–2

2–2 Journaling Behavior Established by EVE . . . ................... 2–6

2–3 Character Set Values You Can Set with /CHARACTER_SET ........ 2–10

3–1 Keywords Used for Key Names . . ............................ 3–6

3–2 Effects of Two String-Reduction Operations . . ................... 3–21

4–1 Categories of ASCII Character Set Characters .................. 4–2

4–2 Categories of DEC Multinational Character Set Characters ........ 4–2

4–3 Categories for ISO Latin1 Characters ......................... 4–3

4–4 DECTPU Symbols ........................................ 4–4

4–5 DECTPU Operators . . . .................................... 4–7

4–6 Operator Precedence . . .................................... 4–8

5–1 Relationship Between DECTPU Data Types and DECwindows

Argument Data Types . .................................... 5–11

5–2 Special DECTPU Variables That Require a Value from a Layered

Application . . ............................................ 5–24

B–1 Terminal Behavior That Affects DECTPU’s Performance........... B–1

viii

Preface

This manual discusses the DEC Text Processing Utility (DECTPU).

Intended Audience

This manual is for experienced programmers who know at least one computer

language, as well as for new users of DECTPU. Some features of DECTPU, for

example, the callable interface and the built-in procedure FILE_PARSE, are

for system programmers who understand Compaq OpenVMS operating system

concepts. Relevant documents about the OpenVMS operating system are listed

under Related Documents.

Document Structure

This manual is organized as follows:

• Chapter 1 contains an overview of DECTPU.

• Chapter 2 describes how to invoke DECTPU.

• Chapter 3 provides detailed information on DECTPU data types.

• Chapter 4 discusses the lexical elements of DECTPU. These include the

character set, identiﬁers, variables, constants, and reserved words, such as

DECTPU language statements.

• Chapter 5 describes DECTPU program development.

• Appendix A contains sample procedures written in DECTPU.

• Appendix B describes terminals supported by DECTPU.

• Appendix C lists commands for debugging DECTPU.

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