Commodore 16 Manual de usuario

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COMMODORE 16

USER MANUAL

Copyloitl (C» '964 by Commodore Electronics Limited

All rights 'eservec

Tils manua eorfaino copv'lQhtea and proprietory into'matton

No pm! ol lite imliicaiion T\ay be reproduced stored in a

reHleval system, or transmitted in any torm 01 by ary means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopytnp,, roco'dmg 01 otherwise,

without the prior written permission of Commodore

0ectn)nM3 UmllM

Commodore BASIC v35

a" iIgnis reserved

Copyr-gfii (c; 1977 by Microsoft, aJI lights rese'ved

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1Selling Up 5

CHAPTER 2The Keyboard 17

CHAPTERS Software 29

CHAPTER 4The First Steps 41

CHAPTER 5Numbers and Calculations 53

CHAPTER 6Graphics and Colour. ..... 63

CHAPTER 7 Sound and Music B3

BASIC 3.5 ENCYCLOPEDIA 93

Commands .gg

Statements 109

Fjnctlons 143

Variables and Operators ... 152

Abbreviation and Reference Chan 157

APPENDICES .161

Error Messages 162

Disk Error Messages .166

Deriving Matnamatlcai Functions 172

Musical Note Table 173

Screen Display Codes ,... .178

ASCII and CHRS Codes 178

Booklist tag

INDEX ....... 1IB'

CHAPTER 1

SETTING

Unpacking your Commodore 1

Getting to know the switches and sockets

Setting up your Commodore 16

Troubleshooting chart

•Peripherals

(

r r

UNPACKING YOUR COMMODORE 16

Now ihat you've opened lie box containing your new Commodore 1

and found this manual, the hrsl ihing lhat you should do is check to

make sure that you have all the Items on this list. You should have (

1Your Commodore 1

2The power supply

3The TV cable

A. The user manual (You've probably tound this, since

you're reading il rlgnt now.)

5. Olher assorted literature:

Warranty card

It you don't find ail these items in the box. check with your dealer

immediately for replacements.

Betore you connect anything, you should overtook these pictures of

your computer. You can familiarize yourself with all trie outlets ana

switches, so you can set up your computer system quickly and easily

GETTING TO KNOW THE SWITCHES AND SOCKETS

The Right Side Of Your Commodore 16

THE ON/OFF SWITCH

Your Commodore 16should be turned OFF when you install or remove

cartridges or any peripheral device such as aprinter or Datassette.

There is ared power light located above the keyboard on the right,

which lights up when power is on.

THE JOYSTICK SOCKETS

You can plug joysticks Into these sockets, labelled JOY *1 and JOY

02. The Commooore 16 uses specially designed joysticks available

Irom your Commodore dealer.

THE RESET BUTTON

Press the reset button when you want lo '*start over." as if you'd just

turned your computer on The reset button clears the screen and erases

any BASIC programs that were typed m. There are other ways lo reset

your computer without erasing programs. These will be discussed in

Chapter 4.

THE POWER SOCKET

The end ol the power supply cable Ills in here Plug the other end into a

standard electrical wall socket AFTER connecting the first end into your

computer.

The Back Of Your Computer

THE MEMORY EXPANSION PORT

Commodore 16 software cartridges plug in here. Before you insert or

remove cartridges, make sure the power is OFF

THE RF JACK

This is where you plug in one end of the TV cable (the thin black cable).

Only one end fits into this lack; the other end fits Into the TV serial

socket.

THE HIGH/LOW SWITCH

This switch controls which television channel your Commodore 16is

on. This is primarily used for American TVs.

THE VIDEO SOCKET

This Is where you plug in Ihe cable thai connects amonitor to your

Commodore 16. If you hook up your computer to atelevision set. you

won't need to use this.

THE SERIAL SOCKET

You can plug adisk drive or aprinter info this socket. If you want to

plug in both, first plug the disk drive into this opening, and then plug the

printer cable into the back of the disk drive.

THE CASSETTE PORT

The Commodore 1531 Datassette tape recorder for cassette tape

software plugs In here.

SETTING UP FOR COMMODORE 16

Connecting your Commodore 16is simple. You only need to do

two things:

1Plug in Ihe POWER SUPPLY on the right side of your computer and

then into await plug.

2Connect Ihe TV cable (Ihe thin black one) from Ihe aerial socket on

your TV to Ihe RF SOCKET on the back ol your computer

Make sure that you have enough eiectncal wall outlets to plug

everything in near where you decide to set up your computer. You may

need apower strip or extension cord for more outlets, especially If

you're also hooking up aprinter or adisk drive. Remember that the

power on everything (computer, TV, etc.) should be turned OFF until

you are completely set up and ready lo go.

1: Connecting The Power Supply

•FIRST plug Ihe round end of the POWER SUPPLY into the power

jack on me right side ol your computer.

•THEN plug Ihe other end into an electrical socket on the wall.

2: Plugging In The TV Cable

•Plug ore end of the TV cable (only one will fit) mlo Ihe serial socket

on your TV

•P'ug Ihe other end or me cable Into the RF fack on the back of your

computer

Connecting Your Commodore 16 To AMonitor

If you're connecting your computer to amonitor Instead ot aTV, follow

the instructions mIhe manual that is included with the monitor. Hooking

up amonitor tike the Commodore 1702 Colour Monitor is simple. You

need to connect only one cable which goes directly from your monitor

to the VIDEO socket on Ihe back of your compuler

Finally . . .

Now it's time lo turn on your compuler (If you've been paying attention,

you should know where the POWER switch is by now.)

It all wen| well, the red POWER light goes on, and this message

appears on your screen

COMMODORE BASIC V3 512277 BYTES FREE

READY.

The flashing cursor unoer ihe READY message tells you that your

Commodo'e 16is wailing lor you lo start typing The background

colour is white, while Ihe letters are printed In black, with alight purple

border around the screen

If all didn't go well, the Troubleshooting Cnarl should come mhandy

TROUBLESHOOTING CHART

Symptom Cause Remedy

Indicator light nol

ON'

Computer not turned Make sure power switch is

Power cable not

plugged in

Power supply not

plugged in

in ON posilion

Check power socket tor

loose or disconnected

power cable

Check connection with wall

outlet

Bad fuse mcomputer Take system lo authorised

dealer for replacement of

fuse

Symptom Cause Remedy

No picture TV cable nol

plugged In

TV nol on

Check TV cable connection

Turn TV on

Jom patlern on Cartridge nol

TV with cartridge properly inserted

in place

Picture without Poorly tuned TV

colour

TV nol connected

property

Colour sei too low

on TV or computer

Reinsert cartridge after

turning OFF powet

Retime TV

Cneck connections

Adjust colour setting

Picture OK, but no TV volume loo low

sound

Poorly tuned TV

Adjust volume ol TV

Retune TV

IMPORTANT: Some TV sets cannot display me entire Commodore

16screen. Instead, their picture cuts oil the lar left and lar right

column o( the screen. We recommend using adifferent TV set or a

monitor such as the Commodore 1702, 1802 or t803 colour

monitor

It this isn't possible, you can deal with the problem by pressing the

ESC key, followed by the R' key. This reduces the computer screen

display size lo 38 columns, so thai the entire picture can III

onscreen. You must repeat this each time you power up or reset

your computer

PERIPHERALS

Peripherals are Ihe accessories that you can get to go with your

Commodore 16 that increase what you can do with your computer

These accessories are available al your Commodore dealer, and allow

you to use your computer lo the fullest.

(

Peripherals give you the capability to save and store data, print out

what appears onscreen (in black and white or colour), use software

programs that are stored on cassette tape and tioppy diskelte. and give

you asharp, clear picture of your computer's display.

To save or recall programs, you'll need adevice lhai stores data

can be recorded on and retrieved from both cassette tapes and

diskettes. To use cassette tape software (and to record your own

programs on cassettes), you'll need the Commodore 1531.

Ilata

12 \\13

DATASSETTE lape recorder For diskettes, Ihere are several DISK

DRIVES that are suitable. Disk drives are typically fast and efficient lo

use Disk drives that are compatible with your Commodore 16are the

Commodore models 1541 and 1551

Your television set may not give you as clear apicture as you'd like for

your computer Commodore colour monitors are specially designed lo

give you the sharpest, brightest picture for viewing your Commodore

16output There are several models available. Including the

Commodore 1702, 1802 and 1803.

)

When us»ng awordprocesslng program or agraphics package on your

Commodore 16. aprinter will reproduce what is on the screen on

paper Tnere are several models of Commodore printers available that

work with your computer These include the MPS-801 ,MPS-802, MPS-

803 (with optional tractor-teed), and DPS-1 101 (letter quality)

(

CHAPTER 2

THE KEYBOARD

•Atour of the keyboard

•Special keys

•Graphic keys

•Function keys

•The HELP key

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