Check-line TI-25LTX Manual de usuario

MODEL TI-25LTX

ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGE

Operating Manual

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Disclaimer

2.0 Keypad, Menu, Display & Connectors............................................................................... 3

2.1 ON/OFF/ENTER Key0

2.2 PRB 0 Key

2.3 LIGHT Key

2.4 UNITS Key

2.5 +/- INCREMENT/DECREMENT Keys

2.6 The Display

2.7 The Transducer

2.8 Top End Cap

3.0 Principals of Ultrasonic Measurement ............................................................................... 8

3.1 Time versus thickness relationship

3.2 Suitability of materials

3.3 Range of measurement and accuracy

3.4 Couplant

3.5 Temperature

3.6 Measurement modes

4.0 Selecting the measurement mode........................................................................................ 11

4.1 Which Mode and Transducer do I use for my applications?

5.0 Making measurements ......................................................................................................... 12

5.1 Probe Zero

6.0 Additional features ............................................................................................................... 14

6.1 Unit

6.2 Light

6.3 Lock

7.0 Appendix A - Velocity Table................................................................................................. 16

8.0 Appendix B- Application Notes ........................................................................................... 17

9.0 Warranty ............................................................................................................................... 19

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Checkline model TI-25LTX Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge accurately measures the

thickness of steel. This gauge uses the “pulse-echo” principle of ultrasonic testing where

a short ultrasonic signal is transmitted from the probe. The signal travels through the

measurement sample until it is reected back towards the probe from the back side of

the material. The elapsed time for the complete cycle is measured and converted to an

accurate thickness reading.

The TI-25LT Xcan be used to measure the extent of corrosion on the opposite,

inaccessible side of the wall by using the “Subtractive Method.” When the thickness

of the original wall is known, subtracting the thickness reading obtained from the

TI-25LTX will determine the extent of corrosion at the point of probe placement. If

the original wall thickness is not known, test readings should be made along a grid

of equally-spaced points to obtain a prole of the thickness readings. The smallest

thickness reading will locate the area of greatest concern.

TI-25LTX is capable of measuring the thickness of various materials with accuracy

as high as ± 0.004 inches, or ± 0.1 millimeters. The principle advantage of ultrasonic

measurement over traditional methods is that ultrasonic measurements can be performed

with access to only one side of the material being measured.

1.1 Disclaimer

Inherent in ultrasonic thickness measurement is the possibility that the instrument will

use the second rather than the rst echo from the back surface of the material being

measured. This may result in a thickness reading that is TWICE what it should be.

Responsibility for proper use of the instrument and recognition of this phenomenon rest

solely with the user of the instrument. Other errors may occur from measuring coated

materials where the coating is insufciently bonded to the material surface. Irregular

and inaccurate readings may result. Again, the user is responsible for proper use and

interpretation of the measurements acquired.

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2.0 KEYPAD, MENU, DISPLAY & CONNECTORS

The Keypad

2.1 ON/OFF/ENTER Key

The ON/OFF/ENTER key powers the unit ON or OFF. Since the same key is

also used as an ENTER key, the gauge is powered off by pressing and holding

down the key until the unit powers off.

Once the gauge is initially powered on, this key will function as the ENTER key, similar

to a computer keyboard. This key will be used to select or set a menu option.

NOTE: Unit will automatically power off when idle for 5 minutes. All current settings

are automatically saved prior to powering off.

2.2 PRB 0 Key

The PRB 0 key is used to “zero” the TI-25LTX in much the same way that a

mechanical micrometer is zeroed. If the gauge is not zeroed correctly, all of the

measurements that the gauge makes may be in error by some xed value.

Refer to section 5.1 for a further explanation of this important feature.

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2.3 LIGHT Key

The LIGHT key accesses the backlight setting of the LCD display. The backlight

has three setting options; ON, OFF, AUTO. The auto option will only illuminate

the display when the TI-25LTX is measuring, or receiving an echo. If either ON or

AUTO are selected, there are three brightness options, LO, MED, HI, to select a

preferred overall brightness of the display. Refer to page 14 for an explanation on how

to enable and set the brightness.

2.4 UNITS Key

The UNITS key is used to select either English or Metric units. Refer to page 14

for an explanation of how to select the units.

2.5 +/- Increment/Decrement Key’s

The and keys are used to increment/decrement values, navigate

menus, and select menu options.

2.6 The Display

The TI-25LTX uses a custom glass LCD backlit low temperature display for use in a

variety of climate conditions. It contains graphic icons, as well as both 7 and 14 segment

display areas. Let’s take a closer look and what all these things are telling us:

NOTE: This display is used for multiple gauge models in the TI series. As a result,

some of the icons and segments that are illuminated during boot up, may not be

applicable to your specic model,

and will never be illuminated

during operation. The icons and

segments that will be used with

the TI-25LTX are shown in the

diagram above.

A. Edit: This icon will be

displayed, and blinking, to let

a user know when they are in

an edit mode to change a value

or setting.

B. Large 7 segment: The thickness measurement, velocity or alpha message will be

displayed in this area.

C. Measurement Modes: This icon indicates the measurement mode. The TI-25LTX

operates exclusively in pulse-echo (P-E) mode only.

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D. Stability/Repeatability Indicator: This is used in conjunction with the thickness

measurement as a reference for the validity of the measurement. The TI-25LTX

takes multiple measurements per second, and when all the vertical bars are

illuminated, it’s a reference that the same thickness value is reliably being measured

multiple times per second.

E. Battery: Indicates the amount of battery life the TI-25LTX has remaining.

F. Backlight : When this icon is illuminated, it indicates the backlight is on.

G. Small 14 Segment: The material velocity, speed the sound wave travels through a

given medium/material, is displayed in this area, informing the user what material

the TI-25LTX is currently calibrated too. This area is also used for alpha messages

in the menu and edit modes.

H. Units: This combination of icons are illuminated in different sequences to inform

the user what measurement units are currently being displayed in the small 7

segment area.

I. Units: This combination of icons are illuminated in different sequences to inform

the user what measurement units are currently being displayed in the large 7

segment area.

J. Small 14 Segment: The material type is displayed in this area. If it is set to a

value of one of the materials in our material list, it will be displayed in alpha

characters indicating the material type. Otherwise it will be set to CUST, indicating

custom material type.

K. Features: The TI-25LTX can be locked once calibrated, to avoid accidently

changing the calibration. When this icon is illuminated, the TI-25LTX is in lock

mode. Refer to section 6.3 for an explanation on locking the TI-25LTX.

2.7 The Transducer

The transducer is the “business end” of the TI-25LTX. It transmits and receives

ultrasonic sound waves that the TI-25LTX uses to calculate the thickness of the material

being measured. The transducer connects to the TI-25LTX via the attached cable,

and two coaxial connectors. When using transducers manufactured by Checkline, the

orientation of the dual coaxial connectors is not critical: either plug may be tted to

either socket in the TI-25LTX.

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The transducer must be used correctly in order for the TI-25LTX to produce accurate,

reliable measurements. Below is a short description of the transducer, followed by

instructions for its use.

This is a bottom view of a typical transducer. The two semicircles of the wear face

are visible, as is the barrier separating them. One of the semicircles is responsible for

conducting ultrasonic sound into the material being measured, and the other semicircle

is responsible for conducting the echoed sound back into the transducer. When the

transducer is placed against the material being measured, it is the area directly beneath

the center of the wear face that is being measured.

This is a top view of a typical transducer. Press against the top with the thumb or index

nger to hold the transducer in place. Moderate pressure is sufcient, as it is only

necessary to keep the transducer stationary, and the wear face seated at against the

surface of the material being measured.

Measuring

In order for the transducer to do its job, there must be no air gaps between the wear-

face and the surface of the material being measured. This is accomplished with the use

of a “coupling” uid, commonly called “couplant”. This uid serves to “couple”, or

transfer, the ultrasonic sound waves from the transducer, into the material, and back

again. Before attempting to make a measurement, a small amount of couplant should

be applied to the surface of the material being measured. Typically, a single droplet of

couplant is sufcient.

After applying couplant, press the transducer (wear face down) rmly against the area

to be measured. The Stability Indicator should have six or seven bars darkened, and a

number should appear in the display. If the TI-25LTX has been properly “zeroed” (see

page 12) and set to the correct sound velocity (see page 16), the number in the display

will indicate the actual thickness of the material directly beneath the transducer.

If the Stability Indicator has fewer than ve bars darkened, or the numbers on the

display seem erratic, rst check to make sure that there is an adequate lm of couplant

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beneath the transducer, and that the transducer is seated at against the material. If the

condition persists, it may be necessary to select a different transducer (size or frequency)

for the material being measured. See section 4.1 for information on transducer selection.

While the transducer is in contact with the material that is being measured, the

TI-25LTX will perform four measurements every second, updating its display as it

does so. When the transducer is removed from the surface, the display will hold the last

measurement made.

2.8 Top End Cap

The top end cap is where all connections are made to the TI-25LTX. The diagram above

shows the layout and description of the connectors.

Transducer Connectors

Refer to Diagram: The transducer connectors and battery cover/probe zero disk are

located on the TI-25LTX’s top end cap. The transducer connectors are of type Lemo

“00”.

NOTE: There is no polarity associated with connecting the transducer to the TI-25LTX,

it can be plugged into the gauge in either direction.

Probe Zero Disk & Battery Cover

Refer to Diagram: The Battery cover is the large round disk shown in the diagram.

NOTE: This same disk is also used as a probe zero reference disk. Simply remove the

cover when replacing the batteries (2 AA cells). When performing a manual probe zero

function, simply place the transducer on disk making rm contact. Important: Be sure

the battery polarity is correct, which can be found on the back label of the TI-25LTX.

NOTE: Rechargeable batteries can be used, however they must be recharged outside of

the unit in a standalone battery charger.

– 8 –

3.0 PRINCIPALS OF ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT

3.1 Time versus thickness relationship

Ultrasonic thickness measurements depend on measuring the length of time it takes for

sound to travel through the material being tested. The ratio of the thickness versus the

time is known as the sound velocity. In order to make accurate measurements, a sound

velocity must be determined and entered into the instrument.

The accuracy of a thickness measurement therefore depends on having a consistent

sound velocity. Some materials are not as consistent as others and accuracy will be

marginal. For example, some cast materials are very granular and porous and as a result

have inconsistent sound velocities.

While there are many different ultrasonic techniques to measure thickness, which will

be discussed below, all of them rely on using the sound velocity to convert from time to

thickness.

3.2 Suitability of materials

Ultrasonic thickness measurements rely on passing a sound wave through the material

being measured. Not all materials are good at transmitting sound. Ultrasonic thickness

measurement is practical in a wide variety of materials including metals, plastics, and

glass. Materials that are difcult include some cast materials, concrete, wood, berglass,

and some rubber.

3.3 Range of measurement and accuracy

The overall measurement capabilities, based on the wide variety of materials, is

determined by the consistency of the material being measured

The range of thickness that can be measured ultrasonically depends on the material type

and surface, as well as the technique being used and the type of transducer. The range

will vary depending on the type of material being measured.

Accuracy, is determined by how consistent the sound velocity is through the sound path

being measured, and is a function of the overall thickness of the material. For example,

the velocity in steel is typically within 0.5% while the velocity in cast iron can vary by

4%.

3.4 Couplant

All ultrasonic applications require some medium to couple the sound from the

transducer to the test piece. Typically a high viscosity liquid is used as the medium. The

sound frequencies used in ultrasonic thickness measurement do not travel through air

efciently. By using a liquid couplant between the transducer and test piece the amount

of ultrasound entering the test piece is much greater.

– 9 –

3.5 Temperature

Temperature has an effect on sound velocity. The higher the temperature, the slower

sound travels in a material. High temperatures can also damage transducers and present

a problem for various liquid couplants.

Since the sound velocity varies with temperature it is important to calibrate at the same

temperature as the material being measured.

Normal temperature range

Most standard transducers will operate from 0°F to 250°F.

High temperature measurements

Special transducers and couplants are available for temperatures above 250°F up to

1000°F with intermittent contact. It is necessary to cool the transducer by submerging it

in water between measurements.

Modes and temperature errors

In addition to errors caused by velocity changing with temperature, some modes

(measurement techniques) are affected more than others. For example, dual element

pulse-echo mode has larger errors due to changes in the temperature of the transducer.

However, multi-echo techniques offer temperature compensation help to minimize these

errors.

3.6 Measurement Modes

This section will cover the different measurements modes of the TI-25LTX, the

transducers required, and the reasons for using specic modes:

Pulse-Echo (P-E) Mode:

Pulse-echo mode measures from the initial pulse (sometimes referred to as an articial

zero) to the rst echo (reection). In this mode, either an automatic or manual zero

can be performed depending on the zero probe setting. If the manual mode has been

selected, the transducer is placed on the reference disk located on top of the TI-25LTX,

and the PRB 0 key pressed to establish a zero point for the transducer connected. If the

Auto Zero feature is enabled, simply pressing the PRB 0 key will perform an electronic

zero to establish the same zero point.

In pulse-echo mode, errors can result from surface coatings and temperature variations.

Since pulse-echo only requires one reection, it is the most sensitive mode for

measuring aw/defects when measuring heavily corroded metals.

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