Campbell CM3 Manual de usuario

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CM3 Pyranometer

Revision: 10/02

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance

The CM3 PYRANOMETER is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC,

INC. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use

and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless specified

otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s

obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective products. The customer

shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products

to CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. will

return such products by surface carrier prepaid. This warranty shall not apply

to any CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. products which have been subjected to

modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This

warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including

warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. CAMPBELL

SCIENTIFIC, INC. is not liable for special, indirect, incidental, or

consequential damages.

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following

contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries

served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs

for customers within their territories. Please visit www.campbellsci.com to

determine which Campbell Scientific company serves your country. To obtain

a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL

SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 753-2342. After an applications engineer

determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please

write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container.

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC's shipping address is:

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

RMA#_____

815 West 1800 North

Logan, Utah 84321-1784

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. does not accept collect calls.

CM3 Pyranometer Table of Contents

PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use

the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. General Description....................................................1

2. Specifications .............................................................1

3. Installation...................................................................2

4. Wiring ..........................................................................4

5. Example Programs .....................................................6

5.1 Average Solar Radiation...........................................................................6

5.2 Total Solar Radiation................................................................................7

5.2.1 Output Format Considerations........................................................8

6. Maintenance................................................................9

7. Calibration...................................................................9

Figures

3-1. CM3 and CM3MT...................................................................................3

3-2. 015 Pyranometer Mounting Arm.............................................................3

3-3. 025 Crossarm Stand and 019ALU Crossarm...........................................4

3-4. UTKZ Leveling Fixture and Crossarm Mount and UT018

Tower Mounting Bracket and Crossarm...........................................4

4-1. CM3 Wiring.............................................................................................5

Tables

5-1. Multipliers Required for Average Flux and Total Flux Density

in SI and English Units.....................................................................6

This is a blank page.

CM3 Pyranometer

1. General Description

This manual provides information for interfacing Kipp & Zonen’s CM3

Pyranometer to a CR10(X), CR510, CR23X, CR7 or 21X datalogger.

The CM3 is shipped with an instruction manual provided by Kipp & Zonen that

contains information concerning the CM3’s construction, spectral sensitivity,

cosine response, and a simple sensor check out procedure. Included with the

sensor and manual is a calibration certificate with the sensor calibration

constant and serial number. Cross check this serial number against the serial

number on your CM3 to ensure that the given calibration constant corresponds

to your sensor.

The CM3 pyranometer is designed for continuous outdoor use. Due to its flat

spectral sensitivity from 300 to 3000 nm, it can be used in natural sunlight,

under plant canopies, in green houses or buildings, and inverted to measure

reflected solar radiation. Two CM3s can be used in combination with an

albedometer fixture (K&Z’s CAF 1) to measure albedos. The CM3 can also be

used to measure most types of artificial light (Xenon lamps, Halogen lamps,

etc.).

The CM3 pyranometer consists of a thermopile sensor, a housing, a dome, and

a cable. The thermopile is coated with a black absorbent coating. The paint

absorbs the radiation and converts it to heat. The resultant temperature

difference is converted to a voltage by the copper-constantin thermopile. The

thermopile is encapsulated in the housing in such a way that it has a field of

view of 180 degrees and the angular characteristics needed to fulfill the cosine

response requirements.

2. Specifications

The CM3 is an ISO Second Class pyranometer. While the worst case accuracy

for daily sums given by Kipp & Zonen is +10%, the typical accuracy is +5%.

Tests at Campbell Scientific on one CM3 indicated an accuracy of +2% when

compared to a recently calibrated Eppley PSP.

ISO SPECIFICATIONS:

Response Time 95%: 18 seconds

Zero offset due to 200 W/m2thermal

radiation: < 15 Wm-2

Zero offset due to temperature change

of 5ºK / hr: < +4 Wm-2

Non stability (% change/year): < + 1%

Non linearity (at 1000 W/m2): < + 2.5%

Directional error (at 1000 W/m2): < + 25 Wm-2

CM3 Pyranometer

Temperature Dependence of

sensitivity: + 6% (-10 to + 40ºC)

Tilt response (+80º) (at 1000 W/m2): < + 2%

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS

Expected accuracy for daily sums: + 10%

Spectral range (50% points, nm): 305-2800 nm

Sensitivity: 10 - 35 µV/Wm-2

Expected signal output in atmospheric

application: 0 - 50 mV

Impedance: 79 - 200 (Ω)

Operating Temperature: -40 to +80ºC

Max. irradiance: 2000 Wm-2

Detector: Copper-constantin multi junction

thermopile

Cable length: 15 feet (5 m)

Level accuracy: 1 degree

DIMENSIONS / SHIPPING DIMENSIONS

CM3: 3x3x3 in / 6x6x6 in

CM3MT: 1x5x5 in / 6x6x6 in

WEIGHT/SHIPPING WEIGHT

CM3: 0.8 lbs / 3 lbs

CM3MT: 0.6 lbs / 3 lbs

3. Installation

The CM3 should be mounted such that it is never shaded by the tripod/tower or

other sensors.

To ensure accurate measurements, the CM3 should be mounted using the

CM3MT base/leveling fixture or equivalent. The CM3MT incorporates a

bubble level and three adjustment screws. Mount the CM3 Pyranometer to the

CM3MT mount using the two long screws provided. The screws are slightly

shorter than ideal but should provide adequate holding strength.

CM3 Pyranometer

FIGURE 3-1. CM3 and CM3MT

Install the CM3MT Mount on either the 025 Pyranometer Cross Arm Stand, the

015 Pyranometer Mounting Arm, or the UTKZ (not yet available, please call)

before mounting them to the tower or tripod. This is done by first threading the

screws through the springs and just barely through the mounting plate. This

helps remove any paint that might have gotten into the threaded holes. Second,

remove two of the screws/springs, slide the CM3MT Mount onto the remaining

screw by slightly compressing the spring. Slide the remaining two springs

between the CM3MT and the 015 or 025 mount and install the remaining two

screws. Tighten the screws until all three springs have been compressed about

1/8 inch.

Once the pyranometer mount has been installed on the tripod or tower, tighten

the appropriate screws until the bubble indicates the sensor is level.

FIGURE 3-2. 015 Pyranometer Mounting Arm

015ARM Pyranometer

Mounting Arm

Tripod Mast or Tower Support

CM3 Sensor

CM3MT

015 Pyranometer Mounting Arm or

025 Pyranometer Crossarm Stand

PN7790(3)

Bubble Level

CM3 Pyranometer

FIGURE 3-3. 025 Crossarm Stand and 019ALU Crossarm

FIGURE 3-4. UTKZ Leveling Fixture and Crossarm Mount and

UT018 Tower Mounting Bracket and Crossarm

4. Wiring

Use Differential Voltage measurement instruction 2 to measure the CM3. The

CM3 wiring diagram is shown in Figure 4-1.

The red lead is connected to the high side (H) of any differential channel. The

blue lead is connected to the corresponding low (L) side of the differential

channel. On a CR10(X) or CR510, the white lead is connected to an analog

ground (AG) and the clear to ground (G). On the CR23X, 21X or CR7 both the

white and clear leads are connected to ground ( ).

While a differential measurement is better and preferred, the CM3 can be

measured on a single-ended channel using Instruction 1 if the power induced

voltages discussed in the following paragraph are prevented.

025STAND

Crossarm Stand

019ALU Crossarm

CM3

UT018 Crossarm

UT018 Tower

Mounting Bracket

Tower Support

UTKZ Leveling

Fixture and

Crossarm Mount

(includes CM3MT)

3/4” x 3/4”

U-RAIL 3/4” x 1”

U-RAIL

3/4” x 3/4”

U-RAIL

CM3 Pyranometer

If a 21X is used to measure the CM3 and it powers a 12 VDC sensor or 12

VDC radio, the current drawn off the 12 VDC supply may cause a difference in

ground potential between the 21X ground terminals and the reference ground

point in the datalogger. This ground potential results in an offset on single

ended measurements. This offset can be as large as +60 mV. Thus, single

ended measurements should be avoided. The offset does not, however, affect

differential measurements. While the 21X is the logger most susceptible to this

condition, the other dataloggers can be affected if the amount of power is too

large or the power return line is connected to analog ground (AG).

FIGURE 4-1. CM3 Wiring

Color Function CR10(X),

CR510 21X/CR7 CR23X

Red Signal Differential

Channel - H Differential

Channel - H

Blue Signal Reference Differential

Channel - L Differential

Channel - L

White Signal Ground AG ≡≡

Clear Shield G ≡≡

White = Signal Ground

Blue = Signal Reference

Red = Signal

Clear = Shield

CM3 Pyranometer

5. Example Programs

Solar radiation can be reported as an average flux density (W m-2) or daily total

flux density (MJ m-2). The appropriate multipliers are listed in Table 5-1.

Programming examples are given for both average and daily total solar

radiation.

The output from the CM3 varies from 10-35 x 10-6V / W m-2. Given a

maximum solar radiation of 1500 W m-2, the maximum sensor output voltage

will be 15 - 52.5 mV. Example:

(21.87 x 10-6 V W-1m2) ∗(1500 W m-2) = 0.03281 V or 32.81 mV

TABLE 5-1. Multipliers Required for Average Flux and

Total Flux Density in SI and English Units

UNITS MULTIPLIERS

W m-2 1

103

C∗









(average)

MJ m-2 t

C∗











109(total)

kJ m-2 t

C∗











106(total)

cal cm-2 min-1 14333

106

C∗









(average)

cal cm-2 t

∗











002389

106

.(total)

C=CM3 calibration: eg. 21.87x10-6V / W m-2

t = datalogger execution interval in seconds

5.1 Average Solar Radiation

Example 1 shows the program instructions used by a CR10X to measure the

signal from the CM3. A sixty-minute average is calculated and stored in final

storage.

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