Analog Devices AD9516 Manual de usuario

Evaluation Board User Guide

UG-075

One Technology Way •P. O. Box 9106 •Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. •Tel: 781.329.4700 •Fax: 781.461.3113 •www.analog.com

AD9516-x, AD9517-x, and AD9518-x Evaluation Board

See the last page for an important warning and disclaimers. Rev. 0 | Page 1 of 16

FEATURES

Simple power connection using 6 V wall adapter and

on-board LDO voltage regulators

LDOs are easily bypassed for power measurements

8 ac-coupled differential LVPECL SMA connectors

2 ac-coupled LVPECL differential headers

2 dc-coupled differential LVDS SMA connectors that are

reconfigurable to four CMOS SMA connectors

2 dc-coupled LVDS differential headers that are

reconfigurable to four CMOS connectors

SMA connectors for

2 reference inputs

Charge pump output

Clock distribution input

USB connection to PC

Microsoft Windows-based evaluation software with simple

graphical user interface

On-board PLL loop filter

Easy access to digital I/O and diagnostic signals

via I/O header

Status LEDs for diagnostic signals

APPLICATIONS

Clocking of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog

converters up to 2.9 GHz

Networking and communications line cards

Test and measurement equipment

Wireless base stations, controllers

Clock cleanup/jitter attenuation

Clock distribution

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The AD9516-x, AD9517-x, and AD9518-x are very low noise

PLL clock synthesizers featuring an integrated VCO, clock

dividers, and up to 14 outputs. The AD9516 features automatic

holdover and a flexible reference input circuit allowing for very

smooth reference clock switching. The AD9516 family also

features the necessary provisions for an external VCXO.

The AD9516 evaluation board is a compact, easy-to-use

platform for evaluating all features of the AD9516. This user

guide covers all six versions of the AD9516 family, as well as

the AD9517 and AD9518 families (hereafter referred to as

AD951x). The AD9516, AD9517, and AD9518 differ only

in package size, and the number of outputs. The evaluation

software main window for the AD9517 and AD9518 reflects

fewer outputs, but the operation is identical for all devices.

Although the Quick Start Guide to the AD9516 PLL section

applies specifically to the AD9516-3, increasing the N (feed-

back) divider and channel divider increases the VCO frequency

to the allowable frequency range of other AD9516 versions.

For the AD9516-5, which lacks an internal VCO, certain

portions of this document that apply to the internal VCO

(such as VCO calibration) can be ignored.

For convenience, detailed information from the AD9516 data

sheet has been included here. Use this user guide in conjunction

with the AD9516, AD9517, and AD9518 data sheets, as well as

additional documentation available at www.analog.com.

AD9516 EVALUATION BOARD

08745-001

Figure 1.

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UG-075 Evaluation Board User Guide

Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 16

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Features .............................................................................................. 1

Applications....................................................................................... 1

General Description......................................................................... 1

AD9516 Evaluation Board............................................................... 1

Revision History ............................................................................... 2

Evaluation Board Hardware............................................................ 3

Power and PC Connections ........................................................ 3

Signal Connections ...................................................................... 3

Bypassing the Wall Power Supply............................................... 3

Bypassing the PLL (Clock Distribution Only)............................. 3

Using an External VCXO ............................................................ 3

Evaluation Board Software.............................................................. 4

Software Installation .................................................................... 4

Running the Software .................................................................. 4

Quick Start Guide to the AD9516 PLL.......................................... 5

Evaluation Software Components.................................................. 7

Main Window ............................................................................... 7

PLL Reference Input Window .................................................... 8

PLL Configuration Window ....................................................... 8

REFMON, STATUS, and LD Buttons.........................................8

SYNC, PD (Power Down), and RESET Buttons .......................9

Reference (R) Divider Window...................................................9

R and N Delay Window................................................................9

Feedback (N) Divider Window ...................................................9

Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) Window ............................ 10

Charge Pump Window .............................................................. 10

VCO Calibration Window ........................................................ 10

Channel Divider Window......................................................... 11

LVPECL Output Driver Window............................................. 11

LVDS/CMOS Output Driver Window.................................... 12

LVDS/CMOS Output Delay Window ..................................... 12

Debug Window........................................................................... 12

Evaluation Software Menu Items.................................................. 13

Menu Bar ..................................................................................... 13

AD9516 PLL Loop Filter ............................................................... 14

Loop Filter for Clock Cleanup.................................................. 15

ESD Caution................................................................................ 16

REVISION HISTORY

1/10—Revision 0: Initial Version

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Evaluation Board User Guide UG-075

Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 16

EVALUATION BOARD HARDWARE

The following instructions are for setting up the physical

connections to the AD951x evaluation board.

When connecting the evaluation board to a PC for the first

time, the user must install the evaluation software prior to

connecting the evaluation board.

POWER AND PC CONNECTIONS

Use the following steps to connect the AD951x evaluation

board to its power supply and lab equipment.

1. Install the AD951x evaluation software. Administrative

privileges are required for installation. The 64-bit versions

of Windows® are not supported.

2. Connect the wall power supply to the main power

connector labeled P2. The following five LEDs should

be on: CR1 (USBSTAT), CR7 (VS), CR8 (VS-CP), CR9

(VS_USB), and CR10 (VS_LVPECL).

3. Connect the USB cables to the evaluation board and

the computer. The red LED labeled CR2 (VBUS) on

the AD951x evaluation board should illuminate and

the CR1 (USBSTAT) LED should start blinking.

4. If the Found New Hardware Wizard window

automatically appears when the evaluation board is

connected, select Install the software automatically

and click Next.

The Found New Hardware Wizard window may appear

twice, and a system restart may be required.

Refer to the Evaluation Board Software section for details

on running the AD951x evaluation board software.

If the USBSTAT LED is not blinking, ensure that:

•Jumpers are installed on Position S1 and Position S2.

•The jumper on S4 is across the center pin and the

minus symbol.

•The USB port on the PC is operational and that the USB

cable is not damaged.

SIGNAL CONNECTIONS

To connect signals, use the following steps:

1. Connect a signal generator to the J10 SMA connector. By

default, the reference inputs on this evaluation board are

ac-coupled and terminated 50 Ω to ground. An amplitude

setting of 0 dBm to 6 dBm is fine.

2. If the user wants to connect a signal to REF2, connect that

signal to the J13 SMA connector. DC-coupling is recom-

mended in applications requiring automatic hitless reference

switching. There is a possibility that the device receive

buffer can chatter when an ac-coupled clock stops toggling.

3. Connect an oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, or other lab

equipment to any of the J0 to J9 SMA connectors on the

right side of the board.

OUT0 through OUT5 are ac-coupled LVPECLs. OUT8 and

OUT9 are dc-coupled and have no output termination. These

allow the user to evaluate the AD951x output driver in either

LVDS or CMOS mode.

BYPASSING THE WALL POWER SUPPLY

To bypass the wall power supply, remove the following

ferrite beads (on the backside of the board): F7, F4, F2, and

F6. Connect a bench power supply to TB1 on the evaluation

board. This is useful for making AD951x power consumption

measurements.

BYPASSING THE PLL (CLOCK DISTRIBUTION ONLY)

To bypass the PLL, connect a signal generator to the

SMA connector labeled CLK. By default, this connection

is ac-coupled to the CLK pin and terminated with a 50 Ω

resistor to ground. Refer to the Evaluation Software

Components section for details on running the AD951x

evaluation board software.

USING AN EXTERNAL VCXO

To use an external VCXO, use the following steps.

1. Install a 0 Ω resistor at R9 and remove R8.

2. Connect a loop filter and external VCO/VCXO input to J12.

3. Connect the external VCO/VCXO output to the J11 SMA

connector (CLK input).

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UG-075 Evaluation Board User Guide

Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 16

EVALUATION BOARD SOFTWARE

Use the following instructions to set up the AD951x evaluation

board software.

SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

Do not connect the evaluation board until the software

installation is complete.

1. The evaluation software and documentation can be

downloaded from www.analog.com.

2. If the software was downloaded, skip to Step 3.If installing

from the CD, insert the AD951x evaluation software CD.

Double-click My Computer and then double-click the

AD9516_17_18EV CD icon. A window opens showing the

contents of the CD divided into four sections: Datasheet,

Layout, Schematic, and Software. The file named

readme.txt contains a description of the CD contents as

well as any additional instructions or information. Double-

click the Software folder.

3. Double-click AD9516_17_18Eval_Setup1.1.0.exe. (Note

that the website may have a version newer than Version

1.1.0.) Follow the installation instructions. The default

location for installation of the evaluation software is:

C:\Program Files\Analog Devices\AD9516 Eval Software\.

RUNNING THE SOFTWARE

Power up and connect the evaluation board to the PC.

See Evaluation Board Hardware section for details on the

various connectors on the evaluation board.

1. Double-click AD9516_17_18 Eval Software to run the

AD951x evaluation software. Depending on whether the

evaluation board was found by the software, either light

blue text appears in a pop-up window, indicating that the

evaluation board was found, or red text appears, indicating

that the evaluation board was not found.

2. If the evaluation board is found, click anywhere in the pop-

up window with the Evaluation Software Ready message,

and the main window for the software appears. Proceed to

the Evaluation Software Components section for details

about running the software.

If the evaluation board is not found, a dialog box appears

allowing you to select which AD951x evaluation board is

connected while the software runs in standalone mode.

See the Evaluation Board Hardware section for information on

connecting the evaluation board.

If the evaluation board is connected while the evaluation

software is running, the window in Figure 2 appears to prompt

you to load the evaluation board with the evaluation software

settings or read the evaluation board settings into the software.

08745-002

Figure 2. SYNC Evaluation Software Window

If the evaluation board was not automatically detected when it

was connected, you can also select the Select Evaluation Board

option from the I/O menu (see Figure 24), and select Ezssp-0,

Ezssp-1, or Ezssp-2.

08745-003

Figure 3. Select USB Device Window

See the Evaluation Software Components section for a

description of the evaluation software features, or the Quick

Start Guide to the AD9516 PLL section for details on the

individual blocks of the AD951x.

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Evaluation Board User Guide UG-075

Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 16

QUICK START GUIDE TO THE AD9516 PLL

When the evaluation software is installed, the evaluation board

is connected, and the software is loaded, use the following steps

to configure and lock the PLL. These steps assume that the input

signal is present, the evaluation board has not been modified,

and that the PLL loop filter is suitable for the user’s application.

This quick start guide covers only simple PLL operation to

start the PLL. See the AD9516 data sheet and Evaluation

Software Components section for a detailed explanation

of the various AD9516 features.

The following case is an example for the AD9516-3 using the

values in Table 1.

Table 1.

Parameter Value

Input Frequency 20 MHz on REF1

Output Frequency 200 MHz on OUT1

Reference Divider 2

Phase Detector Frequency 10 MHz

Feedback Divider 200

VCO Frequency 2000 MHz

VCO Divider 2

Channel Divider 5

1. Turn the PLL on by selecting Normal Op from the PLL

MODE box found at the top of the main window (see

Figure 8).

2. Enter the intended reference input frequency (in

megahertz) in the REF 1 (MHz) box at the upper left

corner of the main window.

3. Click the triangular buffer symbol immediately to the right

of the input reference frequency (see Figure 4) boxes to load

the Reference Input Control window shown in Figure 5.

Turn the REF1 reference input buffer on by selecting the

Enable REF1 check box, and then clicking OK.

8745-006

Figure 4. Buffer Symbol

8745-004

Figure 5. Reference Input Control Window

4. When the window closes, the WRITE button under the

This indicates there are settings that have not been loaded

to the AD9516 evaluation board. Click the blinking red

WRITE button to load these settings to the evaluation

board.

5. Select the VCO as the input to the clock distribution

circuitry by clicking the mux symbol that is located

immediately to the right of the VCO (MHz) box (see

Figure 6).

08745-023

Figure 6. Buffer Symbol

When the VCO is selected, the border of the VCO (MHz)

box changes from gray to black. The current VCO

frequency is shown in the VCO (MHz) box.

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UG-075 Evaluation Board User Guide

Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 16

6. Program the R (reference) divider by clicking the

R DIVIDER box at the top of the main window. Set

the desired value and click OK (see Figure 12).

7. Program the N (feedback) divider by clicking the

N DIVIDER box at top of the main window. Set the

desired value and click OK. For the example, N = 200

can use 8/9 dual modulus mode with A = 0 and B = 25.

8. Set the charge pump current by clicking the CHARGE

PUMP box in the upper right corner of the main window,

and then click OK.

9. Note that if the desired configuration has the phase

detector frequency above 50 MHz, an antibacklash pulse

width of 1.3 ns may work better. This setting is accessed by

clicking the PFD button to the left of the CHARGE PUMP

box. However, this setting normally does not need to be

modified.

10. Set the VCO divider by clicking the green VCO box in the

center of the main window, immediately to the left of the

Cal VCO button.

11. Power down unused drivers, click the numbered triangular

symbol on the right side of the main window (see Figure 7),

select 2 - Safe Power Down, and click OK (see Figure 20).

08745-024

Figure 7. Driver Symbol

12. Set the channel dividers by clicking DIVIDER 0 through

DIVIDER 4 and enter the divider ratio.

13. Click the flashing red WRITE button under the

to the AD951x evaluation board,

14. Click the blinking yellow Cal VCO button to load the

VCO calibration window. The default VCO divide ratio

(16) works for all applications. Click the Cal VCO button

in the Calibrate VCO window to begin calibration (see

Figure 17). The PLL should now be locked and the LD

(lock detect) LED on the left side of the board should be on.

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Evaluation Board User Guide UG-075

Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 16

EVALUATION SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

MAIN WINDOW

08745-005

Figure 8. Evaluation Software Main Window

The AD951x evaluation software is composed of subsections

that correspond to the major functional blocks of the AD951x.

These subsections are listed in the following sections and each

of these has its own window. From the main window, each

functional block can be accessed by clicking that block in the

main window.

When a subwindow closes after clicking OK, the WRITE box

on the main window (under the REGISTER W/R section) may

blink red. This indicates that there are settings that have not

been loaded to the AD951x evaluation board. Clicking the

blinking red WRITE button loads these settings to the

evaluation board.

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UG-075 Evaluation Board User Guide

Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 16

PLL REFERENCE INPUT WINDOW

The Reference Input Control window is shown in Figure 10

and is accessed by clicking either of the triangular buffer symbols

immediately to the right of the REF 1 (MHz) and REF 2 (MHz)

input reference frequency boxes (see Figure 9).

8745-006

Figure 9. Buffer Symbol

08745-007

Figure 10. Reference Input Control Window

This window is used to enable the PLL reference inputs, which

are powered down by default.

Select Enable REF 1, or Enable REF 2, or both to enable the

appropriate reference input, and click OK when finished. If a

differential input is used, select the Use Differential Ref Mode

(Unchecked = Single-Ended Mode) check box. Note that this

mode should not be used simultaneously with Enable REF 1

or Enable REF 2.

The remaining four check boxes control the reference switch-

over modes. If Disable Switchover De-Glitch is activated, the

AD951x maintains the phase relationship between the active

input and PLL output during a reference switchover. Otherwise,

the AD951x minimizes the phase disturbance at the output

during a reference switchover.

PLL CONFIGURATION WINDOW

The PLL Configuration window shown in Figure 11 is opened

by clicking the Config PLL button on the main screen. This

window has three sections: SyncB Counter Reset Mode,

ReadBack Registers, and Settings.

The SyncB Counter Reset Mode section indicates whether the

R, A, and B counters are reset when the SYNC pin is activated, and

controls R0x019[7:6]. See the AD951x data sheet for more

details.

The ReadBack Registers section allows you to see the current

value of the read-only PLL status register (Address 0x01F). This

function is very useful for ensuring that the AD951x VCO has

finished VCO calibration, and that the PLL is locked.

The Settings section controls the various PLL settings such as hold-

over. The AD951x data sheet describes these functions in detail.

Note that the automatic holdover feature should not be enabled

during VCO calibration.

08745-008

Figure 11. PLL Configuration Window

REFMON, STATUS, AND LD BUTTONS

These three blue buttons (REFMON, STATUS, and LD) allow

you to select which signals appear at the REFMON, STATUS,

and LD pins at Connector P1. Connector P1 is located in the

center of the evaluation board. The pins in the left column

of Connector P1 are ground pins, and the ones in the right

column are signal pins.

There are many useful diagnostic signals available at these

pins. The R divider output is particularly useful. In the example

used in the Quick Start Guide to the AD9516 PLL section, the

80 kHz signal is visible on the STATUS pin to ensure that the

reference inputs and R divider are working properly.

Dynamic signals (such as the R divider output) are primarily

intended for diagnostics. These diagnostic signals may adversely

affect PLL performance in critical applications if left on in

normal operation.

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Evaluation Board User Guide UG-075

Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 16

The REGISTER W/R (write/read) box has four buttons and

three check boxes.

The WRITE button transfers the values stored in the evaluation

software to the evaluation board. It blinks red when register

values have changed.

The READ button transfers the values stored in the evaluation

board to the evaluation software.

The UPDATE button issues an I/O update command by writing

0x01 to Register 0x232.

Selecting the All check box transfers all of the registers when

the WRITE button is clicked. When this check box is cleared,

only the registers whose value has changed are written.

Selecting the Auto check box adjacent to the WRITE box

forces the evaluation software to write the register changes

to the evaluation board automatically when they occur.

Selecting the Auto check box adjacent to the UPDATE box

forces the evaluation software to issue an I/O update command

whenever registers are written to the AD951x. It is checked by

default.

SYNC, PD (POWER DOWN), AND RESET BUTTONS

The SYNC, PD, and RESET buttons allow you to control the

SYNC, PD, and RESET pins on the AD951x.

Each button has three options: Strobe, Latch, and Release.

Strobe activates the pin, and then releases it. Latch holds

the pin active until the Release command is issued.

REFERENCE (R) DIVIDER WINDOW

The R Divider window shown in Figure 12 is accessed by

clicking the R DIVIDER box on the main window. It allows

you to set the reference divider. If this box is colored gray, the

PLL is off. To turn the PLL on, click the PLL MODE box at

the top of the main window, and select Norm Op.

The R Divider window has a check box for holding the

R divider in reset. When the R divider is held in reset, the

PLL loop is opened. Therefore, this feature is seldom used.

08745-009

Figure 12. R Divider Window

R AND N DELAY WINDOW

The AD951x features two delay circuits (one on the reference

divider path, and one on the feedback divider path) that allow

the user to control the static phase offset between the reference

input and the PLL output. The R Path Delay window shown in

Figure 13 is accessed by clicking the R DELAY button on the

main screen. The R DELAY box is identical to the N DELAY

box. These delay settings allow you to vary the static phase

offset of the PLL.

08745-010

Figure 13. R Path Delay Window

FEEDBACK (N) DIVIDER WINDOW

The reference divider window shown in Figure 14 is accessed by

clicking the N DIVIDER box on the main screen. If this box is

colored gray, the PLL is off. To turn the PLL on, click the PLL

MODE box at the top of the main screen, and select Norm Op.

08745-011

Figure 14. N Divider Window

The various modes of the N divider are described in detail in

the AD951x data sheet. For most applications, the 8/9 or 16/17

dual modulus modes are used. For applications requiring a

divider value larger than 131,119, the 32/33 mode is provided.

Different applications require different settings, and you can

experiment with the different settings.

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UG-075 Evaluation Board User Guide

Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 16

The evaluation software has internal checking to ensure that

invalid settings are not programmed. For example, the B

counter must always be larger than the A counter. Another

restriction is that 8/9 dual modulus mode cannot be used for

VCO frequencies greater than 2400 MHz. In cases where a

feedback divider restriction cannot be resolved, you may need

to adjust the R (reference) divider to allow a different feedback

divider value. For example, it is not possible to use the internal

VCO, and a feedback divider of 30. However, the R divider can

be doubled, which allows a feedback divider of 60.

The feedback divider window has a check box for holding the

N divider in reset. When the N divider is held in reset, the PLL

loop is open. Therefore, this feature is seldom used.

PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR (PFD) WINDOW

The Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) window shown in

Figure 15 is accessed by clicking the PFD box on the main

window.

08745-012

Figure 15. Phase Frequency Detector Window

The features accessible in this window are described in detail in

the AD951x data sheet. The most commonly used settings are

the Anti-Backlash Pulse Width and the Lock Detect Counter.

For phase detector frequencies greater than 50 MHz, the PLL

may work better with the 1.3 ns antibacklash pulse width setting.

Setting the lock detect counter to values greater then 5 PFD

cycles can be useful in applications where the loop bandwidth

is low and the lock detect counter chatters during acquisition.

CHARGE PUMP WINDOW

The Charge Pump Setup window shown in Figure 16 is accessed

by clicking the CHARGE PUMP box on the main screen.

08745-013

Figure 16. Charge Pump Setup Window

This window is most often used to vary the charge pump

current.

The window also has a check box for setting the charge pump

voltage to VCP/2, which is very useful for debugging the PLL and

isolating the output driver section of the AD951x from the PLL

section.

VCO CALIBRATION WINDOW

The Calibrate VCO window shown in Figure 17 is accessed by

clicking the Cal VCO button on the main window.

8745-014

Figure 17. Calibrate VCO Window

A valid reference input signal must be present to complete VCO

calibration, and the VCO must be recalibrated any time the

VCO frequency changes by more than 40 MHz.

A VCO divider of 16 is suitable for all applications. However,

for applications where the phase detector frequency is <12 MHz,

using a smaller VCO calibration divider reduces calibration

time. Refer to the AD951x data sheet for more details.

Note that the automatic holdover feature must not be enabled

during VCO calibration. See the PLL Configuration Window

section, and make sure that the Enable Hold Over check box

is cleared during VCO calibration.

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