AEMC 4500 Manual de usuario

DIGITAL GROUND

RESISTANCE TESTER 4500

ENGLISH User Manual

Owner’s Record

The serial number for the Model 4500 is located on the front of the instru-

ment. Please record this number and purchase date for your records.

GROUND RESISTANCE TESTER MODEL 4500

CATALOG #: 450.100

SERIAL #: _______________________________________________

PURCHASE DATE: ________________________________________

DISTRIBUTOR: ___________________________________________

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................3

1.1 International Electrical Symbols.....................................................4

1.2 Receiving Your Shipment...............................................................4

1.3 Ordering Information ......................................................................4

1.3.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts ................................4

2. PRODUCT FEATURES............................................................6

2.1 Description .....................................................................................6

2.2 Detaching the Cover ......................................................................7

2.3 Control Features ............................................................................8

3. SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................9

3.1 ElectricalSpecications .................................................................9

3.2 Accuracy ......................................................................................10

3.3 TableofInuencingParameters .................................................. 11

3.4 InuenceofStrayVoltage ............................................................12

3.5 InuenceofAuxiliaryResistances ...............................................12

3.6 MechanicalSpecications............................................................13

3.7 SafetySpecications....................................................................14

4. OPERATION .........................................................................15

4.1 Grounding Electrode Resistance .................................................15

4.1.1 Effect of Electrode Size/Depth on Resistance.................17

4.1.2 Effects of Soil Resistivity on Electrode Resistance .........18

4.1.3 Factors Affecting Soil Resistivity......................................18

4.1.4 Effect of Ground Electrode Depth on Resistance............21

4.2 GroundResistanceValues ..........................................................22

4.3 Ground Resistance Testing Principle ...........................................24

4.3.1

PositionofAuxiliaryElectrodesinMeasurements.................25

4.4 Measuring Resistance of Ground Electrodes ..............................26

4.4.1 AuxiliaryElectrodeSpacing.............................................28

4.5 Ground Resistance Measurement Procedures............................29

4.5.1 Over-range Indication......................................................30

4.5.2 Incorrect Measurements..................................................30

4.6 2-Point Measurement (SimpliedMeasurement) .....................30

4.7 Continuity Measurement ..............................................................31

4.8 Soil Resistivity Measurements .....................................................32

4.9

Soil Resistivity Measurement Procedure (4-Point)................................33

4.10 Multiple Electrode System ...........................................................36

5. MAINTENANCE....................................................................38

5.1 Warning .......................................................................................38

5.2 Power Supply...............................................................................38

5.2.1 TestingBatteryVoltage....................................................38

5.2.2 Average Operating Time..................................................38

5.2.3 Recharging Built-In Battery .............................................39

5.2.4 PowerSupplyfromExternalBattery ...............................39

5.2.5 Replacing Battery ............................................................39

5.2.6 ChangingtheSupplyVoltage(110/220VAC)...................40

5.2.7 Replacing the Supply Fuse .............................................41

5.2.8 Replacing the Safety Fuse ..............................................41

5.3 Cleaning.......................................................................................42

5.4 Storage ........................................................................................42

Repair and Calibration..........................................................................43

Technical and Sales Assistance ...........................................................43

Limited Warranty...................................................................................44

Warranty Repairs..................................................................................44

Digital Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Warning

“It should be impressed on all personnel that a lethal potential can exist

between the station ground and a remote ground if a system fault involving

the station ground occurs while tests are being made. Since one of the

objects of tests on a station ground is the establishment of the location of

an effectively remote point for both current and potential electrodes, the

leads to the electrodes must be treated as though a possible potential

could exist between these test leads and any point on the station ground

grid.”

- excerpted from IEEE Std. 81-1962

These safety warnings are provided to ensure the safety of per-

sonnel and proper operation of the instrument.

• Theinstrumentmustnotbeoperatedbeyonditsspecied

operating range.

• Safetyistheresponsibilityoftheoperator.

• Allmetalobjectsorwiresconnectedtotheelectricalsystem

should be assumed to be lethal until tested. Grounding

systemsarenoexception.

• Useextremecautionwhenusingtheinstrumentaround

energized electrical equipment.

• Neverattempttousetheinstrumenttotwistorprythe

ground electrode or ground wire away from the equipment

being grounded.

• AEMC®Instruments considers the use of rubber gloves

tobeanexcellentsafetypracticeeveniftheequipmentis

properly operated and correctly grounded.

• Alwaysinspecttheinstrumentandleadspriortouse.

Replace any defective parts immediately.

Digital Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500

1.1 International Electrical Symbols

Thissymbolsigniesthattheinstrumentisprotectedbydoubleor

reinforced insulation. Use only specied replacement parts when

servicing the instrument.

This symbol on the instrument indicates a WARNING and that

the operator must refer to the user manual for instructions before

operating the instrument. In this manual, the symbol preceding

instructions indicates that if the instructions are not followed, bodily

injury,installation/sampleandproductdamagemayresult.

Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this

symbol may be dangerous.

1.2 Receiving Your Shipment

Upon receiving your shipment, make sure that the contents are consistent

with the packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the equip-

mentappearstobedamaged,leaclaimimmediatelywiththecarrierand

notify your distributor at once, giving a detailed description of any damage.

Save the damaged packing container to substantiate your claim.

1.3 Ordering Information

Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500

............................... Cat. #450.100

Includes AC power supply cord, 12V nickel-cadmium battery (installed), adhesive label (C1-

P1-P2-C2), hex key, spare fuse, and user manual.

1.3.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts

Test Kit for Model 4500...................................................................... Cat. #100.525

Includes Canvas Bag, [2] 500 ft Color-coded Leads on Reels, [1] 30 ft Color-coded Lead,

[2] T-shaped Auxiliary Ground Electrodes.

Test Kit for 3-Point Testing (Supplementalfor4-Pointtesting) ........ Cat. #2130.61

Includes Carrying Bag, [2] 100 ft Color-coded Leads, [1] 16 ft Lead and [2] 16" T-shaped

Auxiliary Ground Electrodes.

Battery–Replacement12VNiCD....................................... Cat. #2960.10

Fuse-Setof3,3.15A,250V,6x32mm(chargerboard)........ Cat. #100.357

Fuse–Setof5,0.1A,380V,6x32mm(measureboard)......... Cat. #2970.12

Digital Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500

Setof2,T-shapedAuxiliaryGroundElectrodes.................. Cat. #100.335

GroundTesterVideo/WorkbookSet ....................................Cat. #2130.64

25Ω Calibration Checker ..................................................... Cat. #2130.59

Tape Measure – AEMC 100 ft.............................................. Cat. #2130.60

NEW:

Order Accessories and Replacement Parts Directly Online

Check our Storefront at www.aemc.com for availability

Digital Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500

CHAPTER 2

PRODUCT FEATURES

2.1 Description

The Digital Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500 is a rugged, easy-to-

usetesterwhichisspecicallydesignedformeasuringverylowresistance

onlargegroundingsystems(groundgrids,groundmats),evenunderdif-

cultconditionssuchashighstraycurrentsorexcessiveauxiliaryelectrode

resistance.

This high performance instrument is capable of measuring up to 20kΩ,

anddirect readingwitha resolutionof 1milliohmispossible.The extra

large 3½ digit LCD display minimizes the possibility of operator reading

error,anddualindicators(blinkingdisplayandarrow)warntheoperator

whenexcessstraycurrentorauxiliaryelectroderesistanceispresent,or

when there is a lack of continuity between leads and electrodes. A beeper

notiestheuserifavoltagegreaterthan20Vpeakispresentbetweenthe

terminals X and Y or X and Z when the ground leads are connected.

The Model 4500 can be used to perform soil resistivity measurements with

the four-point method by using the high 20kΩrange and is designed in a

sturdy, dust and water-resistant carrying case with a detachable cover.

Carrying

Handle

Snaps for Closing Cover

Protective Cover

Case for

Papers

Compartment

for Leads and

Hex Key

BATTERY

CHARGE

BLINKING DISPLAY

AND

POINTER INDICATE

EXCESSIVE

-TRANSIENTNOISE

-ELECTRODE

RESISTANCE

EXTERNAL

12V

TEST RANGE

TEST CURRENT

DIGITAL GROUND

RESISTANCE

TESTER

MODEL 4500

mA 210 50

ΩkΩ

220 200 220

50/60/400Hz_110V

BEEPER

INDICATES HIGH

GROUND VOLTAGE

AEMC

INSTRUMENTS

Figure 1

Digital Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500

2.2 Detaching the Cover

To detach the cover from the case, apply downward pressure to the rear

portionofthecoverwhilegrippingitrmly.

To re-attach the cover, t the hinges into the respective housings and

apply strong rear-to-front pressure to the cover until it snaps into place.

Unhinging

Supporting Point

Figure 2

Digital Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500

7 8 9

2.3 Control Features

1. Test button

2. InputTerminal(Z)-(C2)

3. InputTerminal(Y)-(P2)

4. InputTerminal(Xv)-(P1)

5. Shorting strip

6. InputTerminal(X)-(C1)

7. Incorrect measurement indicator

8. Low battery indicator

9. Display

10. Battery charge indicator

11. Supply voltage indicator

12. Jack for power supply cord

13. Connectingterminalsforpowersupplyfromexternalbattery

(12VDC)

14. Range selector switch

15. Test Current selector switch

16. Adhesivelabel(C-1,P-1,P-2,C-2)suppliedwitheachinstrument

Figure 3

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