Telit Wireless Solutions LE910C series Guía

LE910Cx mPCIe

Thermal Design Guide

1VV0301626 Rev. 2 –2021-07-09

Telit Technical Documentation

LE910Cx mPCIe Thermal Design Guide

1VV0301626 Rev. 2 Page 2of 26 2021-07-09

Not Subject to NDA

APPLICABILITY TABLE

PRODUCTS

LE910C4-NF MPCIE

LE910C1-NF MPCIE

LE910C1-NA MPCIE

LE910C1-NS MPCIE

LE910C1-AP MPCIE

LE910C4-AP MPCIE

LE910C1-EU MPCIE

LE910C4-EU MPCIE

LE910C1-SA MPCIE

LE910C1-ST MPCIE

LE910C1-SV MPCIE

LE910C1-LA MPCIE

LE910C4-LA MPCIE

LE910C4-CN MPCIE

LE910C1-EUX MPCIE

LE910C1-SVX MPCIE

LE910C1-SAX MPCIE

 
 LE910Cx mPCIe Thermal Design Guide 
 
 1VV0301626 Rev. 2 Page 3of 26 2021-07-09 
 
Not Subject to NDA 
 
CONTENTS 
APPLICABILITY TABLE 2 
CONTENTS 3 
1. INTRODUCTION 5 
2. THERMAL MODEL 6 
 Temperature Sensor and Hotspot 6 
2.1.1. Temperature Reading and Monitoring 7 
 Thermal Mitigation Algorithm 8 
2.2.1. How to Change Thermal Mitigation Level Range 9 
 Thermal Model 13 
 Temperature Range 14 
 Current Consumption in Each Mode 14 
3. THERMAL DESIGN 16 
 Thermal Design Guidelines 16 
 Thermal Design Solution 17 
4. PRODUCT AND SAFETY INFORMATION 20 
 Copyrights and Other Notices 20 
4.1.1. Copyrights 20 
4.1.2. Computer Software Copyrights 20 
 Usage and Disclosure Restrictions 21 
4.2.1. License Agreements 21 
4.2.2. Copyrighted Materials 21 
4.2.3. High Risk Materials 21 
4.2.4. Trademarks 22 
4.2.5. Third Party Rights 22 
4.2.6. Waiwer of Liability 22 
 Safety Recommendations 23 

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5. GLOSSARY 24

6. DOCUMENT HISTORY 25

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1. INTRODUCTION

This document provides a thermal model and design guidelines useful for developing a

product with the Telit LE910Cx mPCIe.

Note: Proper thermal protection design protects against damage to

people or component under worst-case conditions.

And it reduces the probability of failure and does not adversely affect

the use of the module, and greatly extends the operation time with

maximum performance.

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2. THERMAL MODEL

Temperature Sensor and Hotspot

LE910Cx mPCIe has two thermistors inside the module. The internal temperature can be

monitored by the AT command.

Figure 1: LE910Cx mPCIe Temp Sensor & Hotspot

As you can see in the figure above, there is a temperature sensor (PA_THERM0) inside

the LE910Cx mPCIe. And it can be read by the internal temperatures using the

AT#TEMPMON command.

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2.1.1. Temperature Reading and Monitoring

AT#TEMPMON command provides several methods to read the internal temperature as

instant reports and to monitor the internal temperature using URC and GPIO.

#TEMPMON –Temperature monitor

AT#TEMPMON=

<mod>

[,<urcmode>

[,<action>

[,<GPIO>]]]

Set command sets the behavior of the module internal temperature monitor.

Parameters:

<mod>

0 - sets the command parameters.

1 - triggers the measurement of the module internal temperature, reporting the result

in the format:

#TEMPMEAS: <level>,<value>

where:

<level> - threshold level

-2 - Extreme temperature lower bound.

-1 - Operating temperature lower bound.

0 - normal temperature.

1 - Operating temperature upper bound.

2 - Extreme temperature upper bound.

(see note 1)

<value> - actual temperature expressed in Celsius degrees.

Setting of the following optional parameters has meaning only if <mod>=0:

<urcmode> - URC presentation mode. (Default 1)

0 - It disables the presentation of the temperature monitor URC.

1 - It enables the presentation of the temperature monitor URC, whenever the module

internal temperature reaches either operating or extreme levels. The unsolicited

message is in the format:

#TEMPMEAS: <level>,<value>

where:

<level> and <value> are as before.

<action> - sum of integers, each representing the action to be done whenever the

module internal temperature reaches either operating or extreme levels (default is 1).

0 - (00) - No action.

1 - (01) - Activating of thermal mitigation according to thermal configuration file.

2 - (10) - Output pin <GPIO> is tied HIGH when operating temperature bounds are

reached; when the temperature is back to normal the output pin <GPIO> is tied LOW. If

this <action> is required, it is mandatory to set the <GPIO> parameter too.

3- (11) - This value contains <action=1> and <action=2> i.e. activate thermal mitigation

and a GPIO indication. If this <action> is required, it is mandatory to set the <GPIO>

parameter too.

<GPIO> - GPIO number. Valid range is any TGPIO pin as described in #GPIO command.

This parameter is needed and required only if <action>=2 or 3 are enabled.

AT#TEMPMON?

Read command reports the current parameter settings for #TEMPMON command in

the format:

#TEMPMON: <urcmode>,<action> [,<GPIO>]

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#TEMPMON –Temperature monitor

AT#TEMPMON=?

Test command reports the supported range of values for parameters <mod>,

Notes

1. Thresholds levels are defined in #TEMPCFG command. See there for detailed

description on thermal mitigation configuration.

2. Last <action> setting is saved in the 'config.ini' file ('mitigate'/'none mitigate'), and

in the NVM ('gpio indication'/'none gpio indication').

3. Last <GPIO> is saved in the NVM.

4. Thermal mitigation is disabled automatically when using laboratory test SIM.

Table 1:

#TEMPMON –Temperature Monitor

Thermal Mitigation Algorithm

LE910Cx mPCIe has built-in thermal mitigation algorithm to reduce the probability of

failure and extend the operation time with maximum performance.

The thermal mitigation algorithm operates according to the internal temperature value

read through the temperature sensor.

The thermal mitigation algorithm limits the performance (UL throttling, Tx power back

off, call drop.. and so on) when the temperature is above a defined certain level.

Thermal Mitigation Level

The temperature sensor has several levels of thermal mitigation. Each level has

predefined actions as below table and works in sensor individually.

Performs the following actions according to mitigation level to reduce/control the

temperature.

Sensor

Level

Action

Comment

PA_THERM

Normal

Enable MTPL back-off

Limit maximum Tx power (23dBm)

Emergency Calls Only

Table 2: Thermal Mitigation Level

After entering mitigation level 2, the device will register on the network after PA_THERM

sensor reaches mitigation level 0. In other words, the sensor reading falls below the level

1 clear thresholds.

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2.2.1. How to Change Thermal Mitigation Level Range

Thermal mitigation level range and action could be modified through AT#TEMPCFG

command.

AT#TEMPCFG=

<etlz_clr>,<etlz>

,<etlz_act_in>,

<otlz_clr>,<otlz>

,<otlz_act_in>,

<otnz_clr>,<otnz>,<otnz_

act_in>,

<otuz_clr>,<otuz>,<otuz_

act_in>,

<etuz_clr>,<etuz>,<etuz_

act_in>

Set command sets the Temperature zones used in the #TEMPMON command.

Parameters:

<etlz_clr>: Extreme low zone temperature threshold clear. Has only one valid value: -

273°C. see notes

<etlz>: Extreme low zone temperature threshold. Default value -33°C.

<etlz_act_in>: Extreme low zone action info. Default value 0.

<otlz_clr>: Operate low zone temperature threshold clear. Default value -35°C.

<otlz>: Operate low zone temperature threshold. Default value -28°C.

<otlz_act_in >: Operate low zone action info. Default value 0.

<otnz_clr>: Operate normal zone temperature threshold clear. Default value -30°C.

<otnz>: Operate normal zone temperature threshold. Default value 97°C.

<otnz_act_in>: Operate normal zone action info. Default value 0.

<otuz_clr>: Operate up zone temperature threshold clear. Default value 95°C.

<otuz>: Operate up zone temperature threshold. Default value 102°C.

<otuz_act_in>: Operate up zone action info. Default value 2.

<etuz_clr>: Extreme up zone temperature threshold clear. Default value 100°C.

<etuz>: Extreme up zone temperature threshold. Has only one valid value: 528°C.

see notes

<etuz_act_in>: Extreme up zone action info. Default value 3.

See notes for detailed description of thermal mitigation configuration.

AT#TEMPCFG?

Read command reports the current parameter setting for #TEMPCFG command in the

format:

#TEMPCFG:

<etlz_clr>,<etlz>,<etlz_act_in>,<otlz_clr>,<otlz>,<otlz_act_in>,<otnz_clr>,<otnz>,<otnz

_act_in>,<otuz_clr>,<otuz>,<otuz_act_in>,<etuz_clr>,<etuz>,<etuz_act_in>

AT#TEMPCFG =?

Test command reports the supported range values for parameters

<x_clr>,<x>,<x_action_info>.

Where "x" is substitute for "etlz", "otlz", "otnz", "otuz", "etuz".

Values are:

#TEMPCFG: (-40-102),(-40-102),(0-5)

Table 3:

#TEMPCFG –Temperature Monitor Configuration

Note: After setting new values, it is necessary to execute the power

cycle or #REBOOT command in order the mitigation algorithm will

operate from them.

#TEMPCFG –Temperature Monitor Configuration

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Thermal mitigation mechanism works like this:

The whole temperature scale is divided into 5 states (zones).

Each temperature measured should belong to a particular state called "current state".

State is defined by the following fields:

"thresholds" –upper temperature boundary of the state. Values are in °C.

"thresholds_clr" –lower temperature boundary of the state. Values are in °C.

"actions" –indicator that indicates if an action should be taken or not in the "current

state". Values are: "none"/"mitigate".

"action_info" –thermal mitigation action type that should be taken care if "actions" field

is "mitigate".

Values are:

0 - No mitigation action is required.

1 - Mitigation action - data throttling (reducing uplink baud rate).

2 - Mitigation action - TX backoff (reducing MTPL - Max Tx Power Limit).

3 - Emergency Calls Only.

4 - RF OFF. RX and TX circuits automatically disabled (using +CFUN=4).

5 - Automatic shutdown. Module is powered off.

There are five limitations on setting temperature and actions, in-order to keep module

safety.

•The User is prohibited from setting an "automatic shutdown" action to ‘operate the

normal zone’.

•The User is prohibited from setting a “no mitigation” or "data throttling" action to

“operate up the zone”.

•The User is prohibited from setting a "no mitigation" or "data throttling" or "tx

backoff" action to “extreme up zone”.

•The User is prohibited from setting the “normal zone” above 97deg.

•If the module enters into a state of "emergency only" calls, it registers to a regular

call, only when the module returns to "no mitigation" state.

•An error message “+CME ERROR: operation not supported” will be received in

response.

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