Swift M3600 series Manual de usuario

Swift M3600, M3700 Series Microscope

Use and Care Manual

SWIFT OPTICAL Enduring Quality and Technical Excellence

Eyepiece

Nosepiece

Objective

Stage

On/ Off Switch

Base

Arm

Stage Clip

Fine Focus Knob

Illuminator

Rheostat

Diopter

Adjustment

Arm

Nosepiece

Base

Eyepiece

Iris Diaphragm

Illuminator

(M3600)

Head

Cord Holder

Coarse

Focus Knob

Slide Holder

Mechanical

Stage Controls

Fine Focus

Knob

Coarse

Focus Knob

(M3700)

Head

Stage

Objective

Iris Diaphragm

Illuminator

On/ Off Switch

MICROSCOPE COMPONENTS

ARM - the vertical column (attached to the base) which supports the

stage and contains the coarse and fine adjusting knobs and focusing

mechanism.

BASE - the housing and platform of the instrument to which the arm is

attached. The base stands on rubber feet and contains the illuminator

assembly. The bulb replacement part number is printed on the

underside of the base.

COARSE FOCUS CONTROL - the larger focus control knob located on

either side of the microscope which facilitates rapid and heavy

movement of the focusing mechanism. In order to prevent gear damage,

the focus control is equipped with a slip clutch that allows slippage at

both ends of the focusing range.

COAXIAL CONTROLS (M3700 series only) – the focusing mechanism

moves the stage up and down to bring the specimen into focus. The

coaxial focusing system combines both the coarse and fine focus into

one knob located on both sides of the microscope. The control is

designed for a continuous operation over the range of the stage

movement.

CONDENSER – the condenser is mounted in the stage and it is used in

conjunction with the iris diaphragm. The function of the condenser is to

provide full illumination to the specimen plane and to enhance the

resolution and contrast of the object being viewed. The condenser can

be raised and lowered for precise light control.

CORD HOLDER (Corded models only) - the bracket installed on the back

of the arm which is used to wrap and store the electrical cord.

DIOPTER ADJUSTMENT (M3700 series only) – located on the left

eyepiece of the binocular head and is designed to help compensate the

difference between the user’s eyes.

EYEPIECES - the upper optical element that further magnifies the

primary image of the specimen and brings the light rays in focus at the

eyepoint.

FINE FOCUS CONTROL - the fine focusing knobs, located on either side

of the microscope, in front of and slightly lower than the coarse

focusing knobs (M3600 series) or in the center of the coaxial focusing

control (M3700 series), are used for precise focusing adjustments once

the specimen has been brought into view with the coarse focus controls.

HEAD - the top portion of the microscope that contains the refracting

prisms and the eyepiece tube. The eyepiece is locked onto the eyepiece

tube with a set screw. The head rotates allowing operation of the

microscope from the front or the back, and allows the microscope to be

shared by simply rotating the head. (The head does not rotate on digital

camera models).

ILLUMINATOR – the built-in light source which provides the optical

system with light. The M3600 and M3700 series uses an energy efficient

3.4V, .06W LED (Part # MA2215) which can last up to 50,000 hours of use

before replacement.

ILLUMINATOR RHEOSTAT – Controls the illuminator’s brightness.

IRIS DIAPHRAGM - a round multi-leaf device mounted below the

condenser which is controlled by a lever. It is similar to a camera

shutter and controls the amount of light entering the condenser,

allowing the user to control contrast.

MECHANICAL STAGE - an alternative to stage clips is a mechanical

stage. A mechanical stage holds the slide in place, allowing the user to

move the slide on any x/y axis through the manipulation of two control

knobs or a co-axial control mechanism.

NOSEPIECE - the revolving turret that holds the objective lenses,

permitting changes in magnification by rotating different powered

objective lenses into the optical path. The nosepiece must “click” into

place for the objectives to be in proper alignment.

OBJECTIVES - the DIN objectives are standard in the industry, with large

numerical aperture (N.A.) to permit maximum resolution. All objectives

are color-coded and parfocaled at a 45mm distance. The 40XRD and the

100XRD are sealed to keep oil residue from seeping into the objective.

These two objectives have a spring loaded tip to prevent accidental

breakage of either the slide or front lens of the objective if they should

come into contact with each other.

ON/ OFF SWITCH - turns the illuminator on or off.

SIEDENTOPF (M3700 series only) – a binocular head design where the

interpupillary adjustment (increasing or decreasing the distance

between the eyepieces) is achieved by twisting the eyepiece tubes in an

up and down arc motion similar to binoculars.

STAGE - the table of the microscope where the slide is placed for

viewing. This component moves upward and downward when the

focusing knobs are turned.

STAGE CLIPS - a pair of flexible metal clips attached by spring screws

that hold the slide in position on the stage.

IMPORTANT MICROSCOPY TERMS

APERTURE, ANGULAR - the angle (or cone) of light rays capable of

entering the front lens of the objective from a point in the object. By

increasing the angular aperture of an objective, more light rays from

the specimen can be taken in by the lens; hence the resolving power is

increased.

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE - a microscope having a primary magnifier

(the objective) and a second (the eyepiece) to both conduct light,

amplify magnification and convert the image into a field of view easily

seen by the human eye.

COVER GLASS - thin glass cut in circles, rectangles or squares, for

covering the specimen, usually a thickness of 0.15 to 0. I7mm. The

majority of specimens should be protected by a cover glass, and must be

covered when using 40XRD or 100XRD objectives.

DEPTH OF FOCUS - the ability of a lens to furnish a distinct image

above and below the focal plane. Depth of focus decreases with the

increase of numerical aperture or with the increase of magnification.

DIN – (Deutsche Industrial Norman) an international optical standard for

the manufacturing of most quality microscope lenses. Many DIN lenses

will be interchangeable from one DIN microscope to another.

EYE POINT or EYE RELIEF – the distance from the eyepiece lens to your

eye where a full field of view can be seen.

FIELD OF VIEW -the area of the object seen when the image is

observed. It may range in diameter from several millimeters to less than

0.1mm.

FOCAL LENGTH - parallel rays of light after refraction through a lens

will converge to a focus at the focal point. The distance from the

optical center of the lens to the focal point is the focal length.

NUMERICAL APERTURE (NA) – a measure of an objective’s light

gathering capabilities. The concept may be compared to the F-valve in

photographic lenses. Generally speaking, objectives with N.A. values of

less than 1.00 are "Dry" objectives. Values of 1.00 or greater require oil

as a medium. Please note that condensers are part of the optical system

and are also assigned an N.A. value. That value must be at least as high

as that of the highest objective used.

PARFOCAL - a term applied to objectives and eyepieces when

practically no change in focus has to be made when an objective of one

power is substituted for another. The DIN objectives on your Swift

M3600 Series Microscope are parfocaled at the factory to a standard

45mm distance, so that only a slight turn of the fine adjustment is

required when a change is made from a lower to higher power.

RESOLVING POWER - the ability of a lens to clearly separate fine detail.

Resolving power is directly proportional to the numerical aperture of

the optical system.

WORKING DISTANCE – the distance from the lens of the objective to the

cover slip on the slide, when the specimen is in focus.

CORDLESS OPERATION (Cordless models)

The rechargeable battery should be fully charged for approximately 8

hours before the initial use. It can be charged by using the 4.5 volt A/C

adapter included with the microscope. The battery can be used to

power the illumination system for approximately 40 hours. If the

microscope is used in the same location, the A/C adapter can remain

plugged-in without damage to the battery or recharging system.

A battery power indicator meter is located in the front of the base.

Each blue LED light indicates the level of remaining battery power.

When the battery is fully charged, all 5 LED lights will be illuminated.

The battery will need to be recharged when there is only 1 illuminated

LED remaining on the meter.

USING YOUR SWIFT MICROSCOPE

1. Use the stage clips or slide holder mechanism to secure the slide in

place. Be sure the specimen is centered over the opening in the

stage.

2. Rotate the nosepiece to place the lowest power (4X) objective over

the specimen. Be sure the objective “clicks” into position.

3. Turn on the illumination by pressing the on/off switch towards “1”

4. (M3700 series only) Adjust the Siedentopf binocular head (by moving

the eyepiece tubes up and down in an arc-like motion, similar to

adjusting binoculars) until one perfect circle is seen in the field of

view.

5. Open the iris diaphragm to its largest aperature.

6. While viewing through the eyepiece(s), rotate the coarse focus knob

slowly and carefully to bring the specimen into focus. The specimen

may require some centering in the field of view at this time. By

using the fine focusing knob, slowly and carefully refine the focus to

clearly observe the fine details of the specimen.

7. If the image of the specimen appears pale, the aperture of the iris

diaphragm should be slowly closed until the details of the specimen

are sharply defined. If the specimen appears dark, slightly open the

diaphragm.

Please note: a smaller iris diaphragm aperture (opening) increases the

contrast in the image while a larger aperture decreases the contrast.

(The diaphragm is not intended for controlling the brightness of the

illumination). A good procedure to follow in selecting the proper

opening is to start with a large aperature and reducing it until the fine

detail of the specimen is in exact focus. Using an inappropriate aperture

results in a “washing out” of the image. Care must be exercised not to

reduce the aperture too much to gain high contrast, as then the fine

structure in the image of the specimen will be destroyed. Reducing the

aperture increases contrast and depth of focus, but it also reduces

resolution and causes diffraction. Example: The aperture for the 10X

objective will not be the same as for the 40XRD objective, since the

angle of the required light is determined by the numerical aperture

(N.A.) of the objective. The proper aperture of the diaphragm can be

easily achieved after minimal experience with the microscope.

8. (M3700 series only) Set the diopter adjustment which is designed to

help compensate for the difference between the user’s eyes. To

adjust, first bring the specimen into perfect focus by using the

coaxial focusing knobs while looking through the eyepiece with the

right eye only (close your left eye). Now, using your left eye only

(close the right eye) turn the left eye diopter only (don’t touch the

focus controls) to obtain a crisply focused image. The diopter

adjustment is now set and no further adjustment will be needed

until a new operator uses the scope.

9. Rotate the nosepiece to the next higher power objective. A slight

turn of the fine focusing knob may be required to bring the image of

the specimen into sharp focus. Once the specimen is in focus with

the highest power objective, it will be in focus with each lower

power objective.

OIL IMMERSION (Only for models with a 100X objective)

When light rays pass through air from the specimen to the objective

lens, they are distorted slightly, a phenomenon known as refraction.

This is usually not a problem at a magnification of 400X or lower.

However, at a magnification of 1,000X and above, refraction becomes

problematic. This problem is reduced significantly by placing a thin

layer of very clear, viscous oil between the slide and tip of the objective

lens. The result is a much clearer image at 1,000X because the oil has

the same light transmitting properties as glass. Using oil slightly

increases the resolution and brightness of the image. Usually a very thin

slide (size #1) is used for oil immersion because at this magnification,

the working distance is very small and is critical to focusing the

specimen. Good quality glass (not plastic) cover slips should be used. If

their thickness is over 0.17mm, the objective will not resolve properly,

because the specimen cannot be moved close enough to the objective

lens to be in focus.

Place a tiny amount of oil (only 1 drop should be sufficient) onto the

slide prior to rotating the 100XRD objective into position. It is essential

to thoroughly clean the objective tip after use to prevent damage and

to ensure that an image can be seen clearly the next time the objective

is used. Please contact Swift Optical or your authorized Swift dealer for

the appropriate immersion oil to use.

IMPORTANT: The working distances of the 40XRD and 100XRD objectives

to the slide surface are very small and although these objectives are

sealed to prevent oil contamination, it is a good practice to avoid

dragging these objectives through an oiled slide. The 100XRD oil

immersion lens on Swift microscopes has a spring-loaded end to prevent

cracking the cover slip upon its initial contact. Once this zone of safety

is exceeded by moving the slide further toward the lens, a point can be

reached where damage will occur. Always make a practice of frequently

checking the position of the lens on the slide. Note that a 100XRD

objective requires an iris diaphragm for brightfield oil immersion

microscopy.

HOW TO USE THE POINTMASTER® EYEPIECE RETICLE

Swift's patented POINTMASTER® eyepiece reticle, which is installed in

the eyepiece of the microscope, enables the user to easily measure the

size of the specimen.

I. The numbers on the chart indicate the actual size of the

POINTMASTER® scale in millimeters. For example, the length is

1.0mm from the top of the arrow to the bottom; the total length of

the scale is 8.0mm, etc. The thickness of all the horizontal lines is

0.01mm.

2. To obtain the actual physical size of a specimen, divide the

POINTMASTER® scale readings by the magnification of the objective

lens that is in use. Divide the readings by 10 if the 10X objective is

being used, 40 if the 40XRD objective is in use, or 100 if of 100XRD

is in use.

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

The M3602C-3DGL and M3602C-4DGL models feature a built-in 1280 X

1024 pixel digital camera to capture still images or video clips on to a

computer. In order to use the camera, the imaging software must first

be installed on a computer. The minimum computer requirements to use

the camera is having an available USB 2.0 port, Windows XP or Mac OS X

operating system installed on the computer, 1GB of RAM, 1GB free hard

drive space and 2Ghz CPU.

Complete instructions on how to use the software is included on the

software CD that was packaged with the M3602C-3DGL and M3602CL-

4DGL microscopes.

1. Connect the USB cable to the port at the back of the digital

microscope head and to an available USB 2.0 port on a

computer.

2. Install the Motic Images Plus Imaging software on the computer

you will be using with the microscope. The software should

automatically detect and install the correct driver.

IMPORTANT: The next time you connect the M3600 to a computer,

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