Princeton Instruments PI-MAX System Manual de usuario

4411-0069

Version 5.F

September 9, 2009

*4411-0069*

3660 Quakerbridge Rd

Trenton, NJ 08619

TEL: 800-874-9789 / 609-587-9797

FAX: 609-587-1970

permission of Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Princeton Instruments").

Printed in the United States of America.

IPLab is a trademark of Scanalytics, Inc.

Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.

Programmable Timing Generator and PI-MAX2 are trademarks, and PI-MAX and PVCAM are registered

trademarks of Roper Scientific, Inc.

Scientific Imaging ToolKit and SITK are trademarks of R Cubed Software Consultants, LLC.

TAXI is a registered trademark of AMD Corporation.

Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States

and/or other countries.

The information in this publication is believed to be accurate as of the publication release date. However,

Princeton Instruments does not assume any responsibility for any consequences including any damages

resulting from the use thereof. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.

Revision of this publication may be issued to incorporate such change.

iii

Table of Contents

Attention! ........................................................................................................... xv

Chapter 1 Introduction...................................................................................... 17

PI-MAX System Components ..........................................................................................17

Camera Head..............................................................................................................17

ST-133 Controller ......................................................................................................18

Cables.........................................................................................................................18

Summary of PI-MAX Data Acquisition...........................................................................19

Safety Information............................................................................................................20

Safety Related Symbols Used in This Manual...........................................................20

Grounding and Safety.................................................................................................21

Intensifier Modes and Safety......................................................................................21

Audible Alarm............................................................................................................21

High Intensity Light Damage.....................................................................................22

Precautions........................................................................................................................ 22

Cleaning and Maintenance................................................................................................22

Cleaning the Controller and Camera..........................................................................22

Cleaning Optical Surfaces..........................................................................................23

Flushing and Refilling the Intensifier Chamber.........................................................23

Repairs..............................................................................................................................23

Manual Organization ........................................................................................................24

Chapter 2 Installation Overview....................................................................... 27

Chapter 3 System Setup................................................................................... 33

Introduction....................................................................................................................... 33

Dangers and Warnings......................................................................................................33

Unpacking the System...................................................................................................... 33

Checking the Equipment and Parts Inventory...................................................................33

System Requirements .......................................................................................................34

Environmental............................................................................................................34

Ventilation..................................................................................................................34

Power..........................................................................................................................35

Host Computer ...........................................................................................................35

Verifying Controller Voltage Setting................................................................................36

Mounting the PI-MAX......................................................................................................37

Imaging Applications.................................................................................................37

Spectroscopy Applications.........................................................................................37

Microscopy Applications ...........................................................................................37

Installing the Application Software.................................................................................. 38

Setting up the Communication Interface ..........................................................................38

Setting up a PCI Interface ..........................................................................................38

Setting up a USB 2.0 Interface...................................................................................40

Connecting the Interface (Controller-Computer) Cable ...................................................42

iv PI-MAX/PI-MAX2 System Manual Version 5.F

TAXI®Cable (6050-0148-CE)................................................................................... 42

USB 2.0 Cable (6050-0494).......................................................................................42

Connecting the Detector-Controller Cable .......................................................................42

Connecting to the Timing Generator ................................................................................43

PTG ............................................................................................................................43

DG535........................................................................................................................43

Making the Coolant Circulator-Camera Connections.......................................................44

Entering the Default Camera System Parameters into WinX (WinView/32,

WinSpec/32, or WinXTest/32).....................................................................................44

Chapter 4 First Light ......................................................................................... 47

Introduction....................................................................................................................... 47

Required Equipment and Cables.......................................................................................47

Cable Connections............................................................................................................48

Before Turning on the System..........................................................................................48

Turning on the System and Setting Up the Software........................................................49

Configuring the Software for Shutter Mode Operation.................................................... 49

Setup menu.................................................................................................................49

Acquisition menu .......................................................................................................50

Pulser..........................................................................................................................50

Pre-Acquisition Check......................................................................................................51

Room Illumination .....................................................................................................51

If Imaging with a Lens ...............................................................................................51

If Taking Spectra........................................................................................................51

Initial Data Acquisition..................................................................................................... 51

Focusing............................................................................................................................ 52

Final Comments................................................................................................................ 52

Chapter 5 General Operation Factors ............................................................ 53

Introduction....................................................................................................................... 53

Data Acquisition Sequence...............................................................................................53

USB 2.0 and System On/Off Sequences...........................................................................54

Pre-Exposure Removal of Accumulated Charge..............................................................54

Introduction................................................................................................................54

Dark Charge ...............................................................................................................54

Clean Cycles...............................................................................................................55

Continuous Cleans Cycles..........................................................................................56

Shutter Compensation Time .............................................................................................57

Temperature Control.........................................................................................................57

Cooling Method..........................................................................................................57

Setting the Temperature .............................................................................................58

Exposure ...........................................................................................................................58

Exposure with an Image Intensifier............................................................................59

Saturation ...................................................................................................................59

Background Subtraction ...................................................................................................59

Readout of the Array.........................................................................................................60

Full Frame Readout....................................................................................................60

Interline Readout........................................................................................................61

Binned Readout (Hardware Binning).........................................................................64

Software Binning..............................................................................................................66

Table of Contents v

Digitization .......................................................................................................................67

Experiment Setup|Main ....................................................................................................67

Exposure Time ...........................................................................................................67

Number of Images/Spectra and Accumulations.........................................................68

CCD Readout .............................................................................................................68

Amplifier....................................................................................................................68

Intensifier Gain...........................................................................................................68

Intensifier Mode.........................................................................................................68

Experiment Setup|Timing................................................................................................. 69

Timing Mode..............................................................................................................69

Shutter Control...........................................................................................................69

Fast Mode or Safe Mode ............................................................................................69

Delay Time.................................................................................................................70

Wait for TTL and TTL Line.......................................................................................70

Edge Trigger...............................................................................................................70

Chapter 6 Shutter Mode Operation.................................................................. 73

Introduction....................................................................................................................... 73

Cabling.............................................................................................................................. 73

Shutter Control..................................................................................................................73

Timing Modes................................................................................................................... 74

Timing Modes and Cleans/Continuous Cleans................................................................. 75

Free Run.....................................................................................................................75

External Sync .............................................................................................................76

Internal Sync (PTG) ...................................................................................................78

External Triggering...........................................................................................................78

Chapter 7 Gated Operation with a PTG........................................................... 81

Introduction....................................................................................................................... 81

Precautionary Measures....................................................................................................82

Intensifier Modes and Safety......................................................................................82

Alarm..........................................................................................................................82

Timing Mode ....................................................................................................................83

Fast Gating........................................................................................................................83

MCP Bracket Pulsing........................................................................................................85

Introduction................................................................................................................85

Bracket Pulsing in LIF Measurements.......................................................................86

Bracket Pulsing in Nanosecond Pump Probe Experiments........................................86

Limitations of Bracket Pulse Gating .......................................................................... 86

Impact of Bracket Pulsing on Delay........................................................................... 87

Setup...........................................................................................................................87

MCP Gating......................................................................................................................88

Introduction................................................................................................................88

Setup and Operation...................................................................................................89

Gain Variation............................................................................................................89

Fluorescence Experiment...........................................................................................89

500 Picosecond Gating Option......................................................................................... 91

Additional Experiments....................................................................................................92

Introduction................................................................................................................92

vi PI-MAX/PI-MAX2 System Manual Version 5.F

Procedure for Setting up and Performing a Swept Gate Experiment (Fixed

Width, Variable Delay) ..............................................................................................93

Procedure for Setting up and Performing a Single Shot Experiment.......................102

Procedure for Setting up and Performing a Swept Gate Experiment (Variable

Width, Variable Delay):...........................................................................................105

Procedure for Setting up and Performing a Static Gate Experiment (Fixed

Width, Fixed Delay).................................................................................................105

Chapter 8 Gated Operation with a DG535..................................................... 107

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 107

Precautionary Measures..................................................................................................108

Intensifier Modes and Safety....................................................................................108

Alarm........................................................................................................................108

DG-535 and Gate Mode Overview.................................................................................109

Timing Modes................................................................................................................. 109

External Sync ...........................................................................................................109

External Sync with Continuous Cleans....................................................................111

DG535 Gating Setup....................................................................................................... 111

Fast Gating......................................................................................................................113

MCP Bracket Pulsing......................................................................................................115

Introduction..............................................................................................................115

Bracket Pulsing in LIF Measurements.....................................................................116

Bracket Pulsing in Nanosecond Pump Probe Experiments......................................116

Limitations of Bracket Pulse Gating ........................................................................ 116

Impact of Bracket Pulsing on Delay......................................................................... 117

Setup.........................................................................................................................117

MCP Gating....................................................................................................................117

Introduction..............................................................................................................117

Setup and Operation.................................................................................................118

Gain Variation..........................................................................................................118

Fluorescence Experiment.........................................................................................118

Chapter 9 Kinetics Operation......................................................................... 121

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 121

Masking ..........................................................................................................................121

Shutter Mode and Kinetics..............................................................................................121

Introduction..............................................................................................................121

Free Run...................................................................................................................121

Single Trigger...........................................................................................................122

Multiple Trigger.......................................................................................................122

Array Readout................................................................................................................. 123

PTG Burst Mode.............................................................................................................124

One Shot Experiments ....................................................................................................125

Gate Mode Experiments - Examples ..............................................................................126

Chapter 10 PI-MAX2 DIF Camera (Double Image Feature).......................... 129

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 129

Requirements..................................................................................................................129

Interline CCD Operation................................................................................................. 129

Timing Modes................................................................................................................. 130

Table of Contents vii

Single Trigger Mode ................................................................................................ 130

Dual Trigger Mode...................................................................................................131

Setup............................................................................................................................... 132

Hardware..................................................................................................................132

Software ...................................................................................................................132

Operation ........................................................................................................................132

Single Trigger Mode ................................................................................................ 132

Dual Trigger Mode...................................................................................................133

Tips and Tricks ...............................................................................................................134

Chapter 11 Tips and Tricks ............................................................................ 135

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 135

Overexposure Protection.................................................................................................135

Signal Delay.................................................................................................................... 135

Introduction..............................................................................................................135

Time Budgets ...........................................................................................................135

Measuring Coincidence............................................................................................136

Adjusting the Signal Delay.......................................................................................137

Optimizing the Gate Width and Delay.....................................................................138

Lasers..............................................................................................................................138

Free Running Lasers.................................................................................................138

Triggered Lasers.......................................................................................................139

Jitter..........................................................................................................................139

Inhibiting the Pulser during Readout.............................................................................. 139

Lens Performance ........................................................................................................... 139

Throughput...............................................................................................................140

Resolution.................................................................................................................140

Depth of Field...........................................................................................................140

Baseline Signal ...............................................................................................................140

Temperature Lock...........................................................................................................141

Intensifier Alarm.............................................................................................................141

Preamplifier Output Mode..............................................................................................142

Chapter 12 Microscopy Applications............................................................ 143

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 143

Mounting the Camera on the Microscope.......................................................................143

F-Mount....................................................................................................................144

C-Mount...................................................................................................................146

Operation ........................................................................................................................146

Xenon or Mercury Arc Lamp Precautions ...............................................................146

Focusing the Microscope..........................................................................................146

Adjusting the Parfocality of the Camera..................................................................147

Imaging Hints .................................................................................................................147

Fluorescence ...................................................................................................................147

Microscopes and Infrared Light......................................................................................148

Chapter 13 TTL Control .................................................................................. 149

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 149

TTL In............................................................................................................................. 149

Buffered vs. Latched Inputs............................................................................................150

viii PI-MAX/PI-MAX2 System Manual Version 5.F

TTL Out..........................................................................................................................150

TTL Diagnostics Screen .................................................................................................151

Hardware Interface .........................................................................................................151

Example....................................................................................................................152

Chapter 14 System Component Descriptions.............................................. 153

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 153

PI-MAX Camera.............................................................................................................153

Mount Adapters........................................................................................................153

Switches, Connectors and Indicators........................................................................153

ST-133 Controller...........................................................................................................155

Interface Card .................................................................................................................161

Pulser ..............................................................................................................................161

Spectrograph...................................................................................................................162

Cables .............................................................................................................................162

Application Software......................................................................................................164

User Manuals..................................................................................................................164

Chapter 15 Troubleshooting .......................................................................... 165

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 165

Alarm Sounds Sporadically............................................................................................ 166

Alarm Sounds Continuously........................................................................................... 166

Baseline Signal Suddenly Changes.................................................................................166

Camera Stops Working...................................................................................................166

Camera1 (or similar name) on Hardware Setup dialog box............................................167

Changing the ST-133 Line Voltage and Fuses............................................................... 168

Controller Is Not Responding.........................................................................................169

Data Loss or Serial Violation..........................................................................................169

Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict message..........................................................169

Data Overrun Has Occurred message.............................................................................170

Demo is only Choice on Hardware Wizard:Interface dialog (Versions 2.5.19.0

and earlier)................................................................................................................170

Demo, High Speed PCI, and PCI(Timer) are Choices on Hardware

Wizard:Interface dialog (Versions 2.5.19.0 and earlier)..........................................172

Detector Temperature, Acquire, and Focus are Grayed Out (Versions 2.5.19.0

and earlier)................................................................................................................174

Error Creating Controller message .................................................................................175

Error Occurs at Computer Powerup................................................................................ 175

Excessive Readout Noise................................................................................................ 177

No CCD Named in the Hardware Wizard:CCD dialog (Versions 2.5.19.0 and

earlier) ......................................................................................................................178

Program Error message...................................................................................................178

Removing/Installing a Plug-In Module ..........................................................................179

Securing the Detector-Controller Cable Slide Latch ...................................................... 181

Serial violations have occurred. Check interface cable. .................................................182

Temperature Lock Cannot be Achieved or Maintained..................................................182

Appendix A Specifications............................................................................. 183

General............................................................................................................................183

Computer ........................................................................................................................185

Table of Contents ix

Operating Environment...................................................................................................186

Controller........................................................................................................................186

Internal Pulser................................................................................................................. 188

Appendix B Outline Drawings........................................................................ 189

PI-MAX/PI-MAX2.........................................................................................................189

ST-133A Controller........................................................................................................190

ST-133B Controller ........................................................................................................191

Appendix C Software ...................................................................................... 193

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 193

Camera State................................................................................................................... 193

Main tab page (Experiment Setup on Acquisition menu)............................................... 194

Pulsers dialog box...........................................................................................................195

PTG dialog box............................................................................................................... 196

DG535 dialog box........................................................................................................... 196

Appendix D C-Mount and F-Mount Adapters ............................................... 199

Attaching the C-Mount or F-Mount Adapter to the PI-MAX.........................................199

Mounting the Lens..........................................................................................................200

Mounting Orientation .....................................................................................................201

Focusing.......................................................................................................................... 202

Appendix E Spectroscopy-Mount and Spectrograph Adapters ................. 203

Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter.........................................................................................203

Spectrograph Adapters....................................................................................................204

Spectrograph-Detector Focusing ....................................................................................204

Acton (Sliding Tube) ......................................................................................................206

Acton (C-Mount Adapter)...............................................................................................207

Chromex 250 IS..............................................................................................................208

ISA HR 320 ....................................................................................................................209

ISA HR 640 ....................................................................................................................210

SPEX 270M....................................................................................................................211

SPEX 500M....................................................................................................................212

SPEX TripleMate............................................................................................................ 213

Appendix F IVUV Detector.............................................................................. 215

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 215

Nitrogen Purging of the Detector.................................................................................... 215

Dryness Requirement...............................................................................................215

Backfilling................................................................................................................216

Appendix G USB 2.0 Limitations ................................................................... 217

Appendix H Glossary...................................................................................... 219

Declarations of Conformity ............................................................................ 225

PI-MAX with ST-133 and PTG...................................................................................... 226

PI-MAX with ST-133.....................................................................................................227

x PI-MAX/PI-MAX2 System Manual Version 5.F

PI-MAX2 with 16-Bit 5 MHz ST-133............................................................................228

Warranty & Service ......................................................................................... 229

Limited Warranty............................................................................................................ 229

Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty .....................................................................229

Limited One (1) Year Warranty on Refurbished or Discontinued Products............229

XP Vacuum Chamber Limited Lifetime Warranty ..................................................229

Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty...........................................230

Vacuum Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty .......................................................230

Image Intensifier Detector Limited One Year Warranty..........................................230

X-Ray Detector Limited One Year Warranty ..........................................................230

Software Limited Warranty...................................................................................... 230

Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting .....................................................................231

Your Responsibility..................................................................................................231

Contact Information........................................................................................................232

Index................................................................................................................. 233

Figures

Figure 1. Typical Standard PI-MAX System Components.............................................. 17

Figure 2. Major Components of the Intensifier-CCD......................................................19

Figure 3. PI-MAX with PTG System Diagram ...............................................................29

Figure 4. PI-MAX2 with PTG System Diagram..............................................................29

Figure 5. Gen II PI-MAX with DG535 System Diagram................................................ 30

Figure 6. Gen II PI-MAX2 with DG535 System Diagram.............................................. 30

Figure 7. Gen III PI-MAX with DG535 System Diagram............................................... 31

Figure 8. Gen III PI-MAX2 with DG535 System Diagram.............................................31

Figure 9. Power Module ..................................................................................................36

Figure 10. WinView/32 Installation: Interface Card Driver Selection............................38

Figure 11. Camera Detection Wizard - Welcome dialog box..........................................45

Figure 12. RSConfig dialog box......................................................................................46

Figure 13. Hardware Setup wizard: PVCAM dialog box................................................46

Figure 14. Block Diagram of Signal Path in Standard PI-MAX System......................... 53

Figure 15. Clean Cycles in Free Run Operation..............................................................55

Figure 16. Timing Diagram: External Sync without Continuous Cleans ........................56

Figure 17. Timing Diagram: External Sync with Continuous Cleans .............................57

Figure 18. Full Frame at Full Resolution......................................................................... 61

Figure 19. Overlapped Mode Exposure and Readout......................................................62

Figure 20. Non-Overlapped Mode Exposure and Readout..............................................63

Figure 21. 2 × 2 Binning for Full Frame CCD ................................................................65

Figure 22. 2 × 2 Binning for Interline CCD.....................................................................66

Figure 23. Experiment Setup|Main tab............................................................................67

Figure 24. Experiment Setup|Timing dialog box.............................................................69

Figure 25. Safe Mode and Fast Mode Operation.............................................................71

Figure 26. Clean Cycles in Free Run Operation..............................................................75

Figure 28. Timing Diagram: External Sync.....................................................................76

Figure 27. Flowchart of Two External Sync Timing Options in Shutter Mode .............76

Figure 29. Timing Diagram: External Sync with Continuous Cleans .............................77

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