Octagon 4010 Manual de usuario
4010 User’s Manual
Doc. #03810 Rev. 0198
OCTAGON SYSTEMS CORPORATION®
6510 W. 91st Ave. Westminster, CO 80030
Tech. Support: 303–426–4521
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COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1994, 1998—Octagon Systems Corporation. All rights
reserved. However, any part of this document may be reproduced,
provided that Octagon Systems Corporation is cited as the source.
The contents of this manual and the specifications herein may
change without notice.
TRADEMARKS
Micro PC, PC SmartLink, Octagon Systems Corporation®, the
Octagon logo and the Micro PC logo are trademarks of Octagon
Systems Corporation. QuickBASIC® is a registered trademark of
Microsoft Corporation. ROM-DOSis a trademark of Datalight.
NOTICE TO USER
The information contained in this manual is believed to be correct.
However, Octagon assumes no responsibility for any of the circuits
described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other
right, and makes no representations that the circuits are free from
patent infringement. Octagon makes no representation or war-
ranty that such applications will be suitable for the use specified
without further testing or modification.
Octagon Systems Corporation general policy does not recommend
the use of its products in life support applications where the
failure or malfunction of a component may directly threaten life or
injury. It is a Condition of Sale that the user of Octagon products
in life support applications assumes all the risk of such use and
indemnifies Octagon against all damage.
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Using CMOS Circuitry – 1
IMPORTANT!
Please read before installing your product.
Octagon's products are designed to be high in performance while
consuming very little power. In order to maintain this advantage,
CMOS circuitry is used.
CMOS chips have specific needs and some special requirements
that the user must be aware of. Read the following to help avoid
damage to your card from the use of CMOS chips.
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Using CMOS Circuitry – 2
Using CMOS Circuitry in Industrial Control
Industrial computers originally used LSTTL circuits. Because
many PC components are used in laptop computers, IC manufac-
turers are exclusively using CMOS technology. Both TTL and
CMOS have failure mechanisms, but they are different. This
section describes some of the common failures which are common
to all manufacturers of CMOS equipment. However, much of the
information has been put in the context of the Micro PC.
Octagon has developed a reliable database of customer-induced,
field failures. The average MTBF of Micro PC cards exceeds
11 years, yet there are failures. Most failures have been identified
as customer-induced, but there is a small percentage that cannot
be identified. As expected, virtually all the failures occur when
bringing up the first system. On subsequent systems, the failure
rate drops dramatically.
■Approximately 20% of the returned cards are problem-free.
These cards, typically, have the wrong jumper settings or the
customer has problems with the software. This causes
frustration for the customer and incurs a testing charge from
Octagon.
■Of the remaining 80% of the cards, 90% of these cards fail due
to customer misuse and accident. Customers often cannot
pinpoint the cause of the misuse.
■Therefore, 72% of the returned cards are damaged through
some type of misuse. Of the remaining 8%, Octagon is unable
to determine the cause of the failure and repairs these cards at
no charge if they are under warranty.
The most common failures on CPU cards are over voltage of the
power supply, static discharge, and damage to the serial and
parallel ports. On expansion cards, the most common failures are
static discharge, over voltage of inputs, over current of outputs,
and misuse of the CMOS circuitry with regards to power supply
sequencing. In the case of the video cards, the most common
failure is to miswire the card to the flat panel display. Miswiring
can damage both the card and an expensive display.
■Multiple component failures - The chance of a random
component failure is very rare since the average MTBF of an
Octagon card is greater than 11 years. In a 7 year study,
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Using CMOS Circuitry – 3
Octagon has never found a single case where multiple IC
failures were not caused by misuse or accident. It is very
probable that multiple component failures indicate that they
were user-induced.
■Testing “dead” cards - For a card that is “completely
nonfunctional”, there is a simple test to determine accidental
over voltage, reverse voltage or other “forced” current
situations. Unplug the card from the bus and remove all
cables. Using an ordinary digital ohmmeter on the 2,000 ohm
scale, measure the resistance between power and ground.
Record this number. Reverse the ohmmeter leads and
measure the resistance again. If the ratio of the resistances is
2:1 or greater, fault conditions most likely have occurred. A
common cause is miswiring the power supply.
■Improper power causes catastrophic failure - If a card
has had reverse polarity or high voltage applied, replacing a
failed component is not an adequate fix. Other components
probably have been partially damaged or a failure mechanism
has been induced. Therefore, a failure will probably occur in
the future. For such cards, Octagon highly recommends that
these cards be replaced.
■Other over-voltage symptoms - In over-voltage situations,
the programmable logic devices, EPROMs and CPU chips,
usually fail in this order. The failed device may be hot to the
touch. It is usually the case that only one IC will be
overheated at a time.
■Power sequencing - The major failure of I/O chips is caused
by the external application of input voltage while the Micro PC
power is off. If you apply 5V to the input of a TTL chip with
the power off, nothing will happen. Applying a 5V input to a
CMOS card will cause the current to flow through the input
and out the 5V power pin. This current attempts to power up
the card. Most inputs are rated at 25 mA maximum. When
this is exceeded, the chip may be damaged.
■Failure on power-up - Even when there is not enough
current to destroy an input described above, the chip may be
destroyed when the power to the card is applied. This is due
to the fact that the input current biases the IC so that it acts
as a forward biased diode on power-up. This type of failure is
typical on serial interface chips.
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Using CMOS Circuitry – 4
■Serial and parallel - Customers sometimes connect the serial
and printer devices to the Micro PC while the power is off.
This can cause the failure mentioned in the above section,
Failure upon power-up. Even if they are connected with the
Micro PC on, there can be another failure mechanism. Some
serial and printer devices do not share the same power (AC)
grounding. The leakage can cause the serial or parallel signals
to be 20-40V above the Micro PC ground, thus, damaging the
ports as they are plugged in. This would not be a problem if
the ground pin is connected first, but there is no guarantee of
this. Damage to the printer port chip will cause the serial
ports to fail as they share the same chip.
■Hot insertion - Plugging cards into the card cage with the
power on will usually not cause a problem. (Octagon urges
that you do not do this!) However, the card may be dam-
aged if the right sequence of pins contacts as the card is
pushed into the socket. This usually damages bus driver chips
and they may become hot when the power is applied. This is
one of the most common failures of expansion cards.
■Using desktop PC power supplies - Occasionally, a cus-
tomer will use a regular desktop PC power supply when
bringing up a system. Most of these are rated at 5V at 20A or
more. Switching supplies usually require a 20% load to
operate properly. This means 4A or more. Since a typical
Micro PC system takes less than 2A, the supply does not
regulate properly. Customers have reported that the output
can drift up to 7V and/or with 7-8V voltage spikes. Unless a
scope is connected, you may not see these transients.
■Terminated backplanes - Some customers try to use Micro
PC cards in backplanes that have resistor/capacitor termina-
tion networks. CMOS cards cannot be used with termination
networks. Generally, the cards will function erratically or the
bus drivers may fail due to excessive output currents.
■Excessive signal lead lengths - Another source of failure
that was identified years ago at Octagon was excessive lead
lengths on digital inputs. Long leads act as an antenna to pick
up noise. They can also act as unterminated transmission
lines. When 5V is switch onto a line, it creates a transient
waveform. Octagon has seen submicrosecond pulses of 8V or
more. The solution is to place a capacitor, for example 0.1 µF,
across the switch contact. This will also eliminate radio
frequency and other high frequency pickup.
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iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.........................................................................1
Conventions Used In This Manual .................................................... 1
Symbols and Terminology .................................................................. 2
Technical Support ............................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW...............................................5
Description .......................................................................................... 5
Major Features .................................................................................... 5
Where to go from here: ....................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 2: QUICK START........................................11
Hardware Installation ...................................................................... 11
Panel Mounting the 4010 .......................................................... 11
Using a Micro PC Card Cage .................................................... 13
Establishing Communications with the 4010 ................................. 16
Transferring Files between 4010 & YourPC................................... 18
Downloading Files to the 4010 ................................................. 19
CHAPTER 3: EPROMS.................................................21
Description ........................................................................................ 21
SSD1................................................................................................... 21
To Install an EPROM ................................................................ 21
DRAM................................................................................................. 22
CHAPTER 4: SETUP ....................................................23
Description ........................................................................................ 23
Running SETUP ................................................................................ 24
SETUP Example ............................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 5: SAVE & RUN PROGRAMS....................29
Save and Run Your Programs on the 4010 ..................................... 29
Saving Program and Support Files ................................................. 29
Autoexecuting Your Program ........................................................... 32
Overriding Program Autoexecution from SSD1 ............................. 32
Running SETUP Again.............................................................. 33
Removing Jumper W3[3–4] ....................................................... 34
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CHAPTER 6: SERIAL PORTS......................................35
Description ........................................................................................ 35
COM1 as Console I/O........................................................................ 36
COM1 as RS–232 I/O ........................................................................ 37
Disabling Interrupts ......................................................................... 37
Using QuickBASIC to Communicate Via COM1............................ 37
Systems with a video card......................................................... 38
Systems without a video card ................................................... 38
Using Turbo C ............................................................................ 40
CHAPTER 7: WATCHDOG TIMER...............................41
Description ........................................................................................ 41
CHAPTER 8: LPT1 PRINTER PORT............................43
Description ........................................................................................ 43
Printer................................................................................................ 43
Display ............................................................................................... 44
Keypad ............................................................................................... 44
CHAPTER 9: SERIAL EEPROM ..................................45
Description ........................................................................................ 45
Reading the Serial EEPROM ........................................................... 45
Writing to the Serial EEPROM ....................................................... 45
CHAPTER 10: VIDEO/KEYBOARD/SPEAKER...........47
Description ........................................................................................ 47
Using a Video Monitor and Keyboard ............................................. 48
Saving a Program to the 4010................................................... 48
Transferring Files to the 4010 .................................................. 49
Transferring Files from the 4010 ............................................. 50
CHAPTER 11: EXTERNAL DRIVES ............................51
Description ........................................................................................ 51
Floppy Disk Drives ........................................................................... 51
Power Requirements.................................................................. 51
Hard Disk Drive................................................................................ 55
Power Requirements.................................................................. 56
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CHAPTER 12: PC/104 ..................................................57
CHAPTER 13: USING YOUR OWN DOS.....................59
Description ........................................................................................ 59
Getting Started ................................................................................. 59
Selecting Boot, Memory, and Drive Options................................... 60
Booting the 4010 from a Floppy/Hard Disk Drive .................. 60
Booting from SSD1 with/without a Floppy Drive ................... 61
CHAPTER 14: TROUBLESHOOTING..........................63
CHAPTER 15: TECHNICAL DATA...............................67
Technical Specifications ................................................................... 67
Jumper Settings ................................................................................ 70
Connector Pinouts ............................................................................. 71
Micro PC Bus Pinouts....................................................................... 77
APPENDIX A:.................................................................79
Introduction ....................................................................................... 79
COM1CON.COM............................................................................... 80
DISKSAVE.EXE................................................................................ 81
DISKSEND.EXE ............................................................................... 84
FAST.COM ........................................................................................ 86
LPT1CON.COM ................................................................................ 87
MEMDRIVE.SYS .............................................................................. 88
RESET.COM...................................................................................... 91
SETUP.COM ..................................................................................... 92
SLEEP.COM ...................................................................................... 94
SLOW.COM ....................................................................................... 95
TRANSFER.EXE............................................................................... 96
APPENDIX B:.................................................................99
Programming Standard EPROMs ................................................... 99
Custom Communication Cable......................................................... 99
Power Supply................................................................................... 100
Uploading Files from the 4010....................................................... 100
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vi
Assigning Drive Designators.......................................................... 101
Example .................................................................................... 102
Extended Memory ........................................................................... 102
Interrupts ........................................................................................ 104
Disabling Interrupts ................................................................ 105
Using Microsoft Windows 3.1 ........................................................ 105
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