Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 Manual de instrucciones

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

www.novell.com11

March23,2009 Administration Guide

Administration Guide

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Contents

About This Guide xi

Part I Support and Common Tasks 1

1YaST Online Update 3

1.1 Installing Patches Manually Using the Qt Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Installing Patches Manually Using the gtk Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.3 Automatic Online Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2Gathering System Information for Support 9

2.1 Novell Support Link Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.2 Using Supportcong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.3 Submitting Information to Novell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3YaST in Text Mode 15

3.1 Navigation in Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.2 Restriction of Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.3 YaST Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4Managing Software with Command Line Tools 21

4.1 UsingZypper........................... 21

4.2 RPM—the Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5Bash and Bash Scripts 39

5.1 What is “The Shell”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

5.2 Writing Shell Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.3 Redirecting Command Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

5.4 UsingAliases........................... 47

5.5 Using Variables in Bash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

5.6 Grouping And Combining Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

5.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

5.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Part II System 53

632-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 55

6.1 RuntimeSupport......................... 56

6.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

7Booting and Conguring a Linux System 61

7.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

7.2 TheinitProcess.......................... 65

7.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

8The Boot Loader GRUB 77

8.1 BootingwithGRUB........................ 78

8.2 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

8.3 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

8.4 CreatingBootCDs........................ 93

8.5 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

8.6 Troubleshooting ......................... 95

8.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

9Special System Features 99

9.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

9.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 106

9.3 KeyboardMapping........................ 107

9.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

10 Printer Operation 113

10.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

10.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

10.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

10.4 NetworkPrinters......................... 117

10.5 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

10.6 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

10.7 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . 120

10.8 Troubleshooting......................... 123

11 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 131

11.1 The /dev Directory....................... 131

11.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

11.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

11.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

11.5 Monitoring the Running udev Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

11.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 135

11.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

11.8 Files used by udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

11.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

12 The X Window System 145

12.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

12.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

12.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

13 Accessing File Systems with FUSE 159

13.1 ConguringFUSE........................ 159

13.2 Mounting an NTFS Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

13.3 Mounting Remote File System with SSHFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

13.4 Mounting an ISO File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

13.5 Available FUSE Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

13.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Part III Mobile Computers 163

14 Mobile Computing with Linux 165

14.1 Laptops ............................ 165

14.2 MobileHardware ........................ 172

14.3 Cellular Phones and PDAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

14.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

15 Power Management 175

15.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

15.2 ACPI.............................. 176

15.3 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

15.4 Troubleshooting......................... 182

15.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

16 Using Tablet PCs 185

16.1 Installing Tablet PC Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

16.2 Conguring Your Tablet Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

16.3 Using the Virtual Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

16.4 Rotating Your Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

16.5 Using Gesture Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

16.6 Taking Notes and Sketching with the Pen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

16.7 Troubleshooting......................... 194

16.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Part IV Services 197

17 Basic Networking 199

17.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

17.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

17.3 NameResolution ........................ 214

17.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

17.5 NetworkManager ........................ 239

17.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

17.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

18 Wireless Communication 259

18.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 259

19 SLP Services in the Network 269

19.1 Installation........................... 269

19.2 ActivatingSLP.......................... 270

19.3 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

19.4 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

19.5 Providing Services via SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

19.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

20 Time Synchronization with NTP 273

20.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

20.2 Manually Conguring ntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

20.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

20.4 Clock Synchronization to an External Time Reference (ETR) . . . . . . . 278

21 The Domain Name System 279

21.1 DNSTerminology........................ 279

21.2 Installation........................... 280

21.3 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

21.4 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

21.5 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

21.6 ZoneFiles ........................... 296

21.7 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

21.8 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

21.9 DNSSecurity.......................... 302

21.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

22 DHCP 303

22.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

22.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

22.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

22.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

23 Using NetworkManager 321

23.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

23.2 Enabling NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

23.3 Conguring Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

23.4 Using KDE NetworkManager Widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

23.5 Using GNOME NetworkManager Applet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

23.6 NetworkManager and VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

23.7 NetworkManager and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

23.8 Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 331

23.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

24 Samba 333

24.1 Terminology........................... 333

24.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

24.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

24.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

24.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

24.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 344

24.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

25 Sharing File Systems with NFS 347

25.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

25.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

25.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

25.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

25.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

25.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

25.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

26 File Synchronization 361

26.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

26.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

26.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

26.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

26.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

27 The Apache HTTP Server 371

27.1 QuickStart........................... 371

27.2 Conguring Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

27.3 Starting and Stopping Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

27.4 Installing, Activating, and Conguring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

27.5 Getting CGI Scripts to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

27.6 Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

27.7 Avoiding Security Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

27.8 Troubleshooting......................... 409

27.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

28 Setting up an FTP server with YaST 413

28.1 Starting the FTP server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

28.2 FTP General Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

28.3 FTP Performance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

28.4 Authentication ......................... 416

28.5 ExpertSettings ......................... 417

28.6 For more information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

29 The Proxy Server Squid 419

29.1 Some Facts about Proxy Caches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

29.2 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

29.3 StartingSquid.......................... 423

29.4 The Conguration File /etc/squid/squid.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

29.5 Conguring a Transparent Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

29.6 cachemgr.cgi .......................... 434

29.7 Cache Report Generation with Calamaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

29.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

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