Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 - ADMINISTRATION GUIDE... Manual de instrucciones

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Desktop

www.novell.com11

March17,2009 Administration Guide

Administration Guide

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Linus Torvalds. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. A trademark

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All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this

does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Novell, Inc., SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, the authors,

nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Contents

About This Guide ix

Part I Support and Common Tasks 1

1YaST Online Update 3

1.1 Installing Patches Manually Using the Qt Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Installing Patches Manually Using the gtk Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.3 Automatic Online Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2Gathering System Information for Support 9

2.1 Novell Support Link Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.2 Using Supportcong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.3 Submitting Information to Novell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3YaST in Text Mode 15

3.1 Navigation in Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.2 Restriction of Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.3 YaST Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4GNOME Conguration for Administrators 21

4.1 TheGConfSystem........................ 21

4.2 Customizing Main Menu, Panel, and Application Browser . . . . . . . . 24

4.3 Starting Applications Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.4 Automounting and Managing Media Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4.5 Changing Preferred Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4.6 Managing Proles Using Sabayon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4.7 Adding Document Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.8 Desktop Lock Down Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

5Managing Software with Command Line Tools 33

5.1 UsingZypper........................... 33

5.2 RPM—the Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

6Accessing Remote Desktops with Nomad 51

6.1 Nomad Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6.2 Installation and Set-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

6.3 UsingNomad........................... 54

6.4 Troubleshooting ......................... 54

6.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

7Bash and Bash Scripts 57

7.1 What is “The Shell”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

7.2 Writing Shell Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

7.3 Redirecting Command Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

7.4 UsingAliases........................... 65

7.5 Using Variables in Bash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

7.6 Grouping And Combining Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

7.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

7.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Part II System 71

832-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 73

8.1 RuntimeSupport......................... 73

8.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

8.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

8.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

9Booting and Conguring a Linux System 77

9.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

9.2 TheinitProcess.......................... 81

9.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

10 The Boot Loader GRUB 93

10.1 BootingwithGRUB........................ 94

10.2 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

10.3 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

10.4 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

10.5 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

10.6 Troubleshooting......................... 111

10.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

11 Special System Features 113

11.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

11.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 120

11.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

11.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

12 Printer Operation 127

12.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

12.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

12.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

12.4 NetworkPrinters......................... 131

12.5 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

12.6 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

12.7 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop . . . . . . . . . . 134

12.8 Troubleshooting......................... 137

13 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 145

13.1 The /dev Directory....................... 145

13.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

13.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

13.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

13.5 Monitoring the Running udev Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

13.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 149

13.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

13.8 Files used by udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

13.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

14 The X Window System 159

14.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

14.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

14.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

15 Accessing File Systems with FUSE 173

15.1 ConguringFUSE........................ 173

15.2 Mounting an NTFS Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

15.3 Mounting Remote File System with SSHFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

15.4 Mounting an ISO File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

15.5 Available FUSE Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Part III Mobile Computers 177

16 Mobile Computing with Linux 179

16.1 Laptops ............................ 179

16.2 MobileHardware ........................ 187

16.3 Cellular Phones and PDAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

16.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

17 Power Management 191

17.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

17.2 ACPI.............................. 192

17.3 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

17.4 Troubleshooting......................... 198

17.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

18 Using Tablet PCs 201

18.1 Installing Tablet PC Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

18.2 Conguring Your Tablet Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

18.3 Using the Virtual Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

18.4 Rotating Your Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

18.5 Using Gesture Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

18.6 Taking Notes and Sketching with the Pen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

18.7 Troubleshooting......................... 210

18.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Part IV Services 213

19 Basic Networking 215

19.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

19.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

19.3 NameResolution ........................ 230

19.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

19.5 NetworkManager ........................ 252

19.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

19.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

20 Wireless Communication 271

20.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 271

21 SLP Services in the Network 281

21.1 Installation........................... 281

21.2 ActivatingSLP.......................... 282

21.3 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . 282

21.4 Providing Services via SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

21.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

22 Time Synchronization with NTP 285

22.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

22.2 Manually Conguring ntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

22.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

23 Using NetworkManager 291

23.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

23.2 Enabling NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

23.3 Conguring Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

23.4 Using KDE NetworkManager Widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

23.5 Using GNOME NetworkManager Applet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

23.6 NetworkManager and VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

23.7 NetworkManager and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

23.8 Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 301

23.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

24 Samba 305

24.1 Terminology........................... 305

24.2 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

24.3 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

24.4 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

24.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

25 Sharing File Systems with NFS 311

25.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

25.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

25.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

25.4 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

26 File Synchronization 317

26.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

26.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

26.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

26.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

26.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

About This Guide

This guide is intended for use by professional network and system administrators during

the operation of SUSE® Linux Enterprise. As such, it is solely concerned with ensuring

that SUSE Linux Enterprise is properly congured and that the required services on

the network are available to allow it to function properly as initially installed. This

guide does not cover the process of ensuring that SUSE Linux Enterprise offers proper

compatibility with your enterprise's application software or that its core functionality

meets those requirements. It assumes that a full requirements audit has been done and

the installation has been requested or that a test installation, for the purpose of such an

audit, has been requested.

This guide contains the following:

Administration

SUSE Linux Enterprise offers a wide range of tools to customize various aspects

of the system. This part introduces a few of them.

System

Learn more about the underlying operating system by studying this part. SUSE

Linux Enterprise supports a number of hardware architectures and you can use this

to adapt your own applications to run on SUSE Linux Enterprise. The boot loader

and boot procedure information assists you in understanding how your Linux system

works and how your own custom scripts and applications may blend in with it.

Mobile Computing

Laptops, and the communication between mobile devices like PDAs, or cellular

phones and SUSE Linux Enterprise need some special attention. Take care for

power conservation and for the integration of different devices into a changing

network environment. Also get in touch with the background technologies that

provide the needed functionality.

Services

SUSE Linux Enterprise is designed to be a network operating system. SUSE®

Linux Enterprise Desktop includes client support for many network services. It

integrates well into heterogeneous environments including MS Windows clients

and servers.

Many chapters in this manual contain links to additional documentation resources. This

includes additional documentation that is available on the system as well as documen-

tation available on the Internet.

For an overview of the documentation available for your product and the latest docu-

mentation updates, refer to http://www.novell.com/documentation.

1 Available Documentation

We provide HTML and PDF versions of our books in different languages. The following

manuals for users and administrators are available on this product:

GNOME User Guide (↑GNOME User Guide)

Introduces the GNOME desktop of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. It guides you

through using and conguring the desktop and helps you perform key tasks. It is

intended mainly for end users who want to make efcient use of GNOME desktop

as their default desktop.

Application Guide (↑Application Guide)

Learn how to use and congure key desktop applications on SUSE Linux Enterprise

Desktop. This guide introduces browsers and e-mail clients as well as ofce appli-

cations and collaboration tools. It also covers graphics and multimedia applications.

Deployment Guide (↑Deployment Guide)

Shows how to install single or multiple systems and how to exploit the product

inherent capabilities for a deployment infrastructure. Choose from various approach-

es, ranging from a local installation or a network installation server to a mass de-

ployment using a remote-controlled, highly-customized, and automated installation

technique.

Administration Guide (page 1)

Covers system administration tasks like maintaining, monitoring and customizing

an initially installed system.

Security Guide (↑Security Guide)

Introduces basic concepts of system security, covering both local and network se-

curity aspects. Shows how to make use of the product inherent security software

like Novell AppArmor (which lets you specify per program which les the program

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