Moravian Instruments G2-0402 Manual de usuario
G2 CCD
Camera
User's Guide
Version 3.1
Modified on March 11th, 2016
All information furnished by Moravian Instruments is believed to be accurate.
Moravian Instruments reserves the right to change any information contained
herein ithout notice.
G2 CCD devices are not authorized for and should not be used ithin Life
Support Systems ithout the specific ritten consent of the Moravian
Instruments. Product arranty is limited to repair or replacement of defective
components and does not cover injury or property or other consequential
damages.
Copyright © 2000-2016, Moravian Instruments
Moravian Instruments
Masarykova 1148
763 02 Zlín
Czech Republic
tel./fax: +420 577 107 171
: http:// .gxccd.com/
e-mail: [email protected]
Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................4
G2 Camera Overvie .....................................................................................6
CCD and Camera Electronics.........................................................................9
CCD Chip...............................................................................................12
Model G2-0402.................................................................................13
Model G2-1600.................................................................................13
Model G2-3200.................................................................................14
Model G2-8300.................................................................................14
Model G2-2000.................................................................................14
Model G2-4000.................................................................................15
Camera Electronics.................................................................................15
Model G2-0402.................................................................................16
Model G2-1600.................................................................................16
Model G2-3200.................................................................................17
Model G2-8300.................................................................................17
Model G2-2000.................................................................................17
Model G2-4000.................................................................................17
CCD Cooling and Po er Supply..................................................................18
Po er Supply..........................................................................................18
Mechanical Specifications............................................................................21
Telescope adapters..................................................................................23
Camera Maintenance....................................................................................26
Desiccant exchange................................................................................26
Changing the silica-gel......................................................................27
Changing Filters......................................................................................29
Opening the camera head..................................................................29
Changing the Whole Filter Wheel..........................................................31
Changing the Telescope Adapter............................................................31
Po er Supply Fuse.................................................................................31
G2 Camera Revisions...................................................................................32
Revision 1...............................................................................................32
Revision 2...............................................................................................32
Revision 3...............................................................................................33
Revision 4...............................................................................................34
Introduction
Thank you for choosing the G2 CCD camera. The cooled, slo -scan series of
G2 cameras ere developed for imaging under extremely lo -light conditions
in astronomy, microscopy and similar areas. The development team focused to
every detail of camera mechanics, cooling, electronics and soft are to create
state-of-the-art product. G2 cameras feature compact and robust construction,
rich features, sophisticated soft are support and easy operation.
G2 cameras can contain filter heel ith 5 positions for 1.25“ filters. Camera
variants ithout internal filter heel can control external filter heel ith 12
positions for the same filter s or ith 10 positions for D36 mm filters.
Please note the G2 cameras are designed to ork in cooperation ith a host
Personal Computer (PC). As opposite to digital still cameras, hich are
operated independently on the computer, the scientific slo -scan, cooled
cameras usually require computer for operation control, image do nload,
processing and storage etc. To operate the G2 camera, you need a computer
hich:
1. Is compatible ith a PC standard.
2. Runs a modern 32-bit or 64-bit Windo s operating system.
Drivers for 32-bit and 64-bit Linux systems are also provided, but
camera control and image processing soft are, supplied ith the
camera, requires Windo s operating system.
3. Provides at last one free USB port.
The current series of G2 CCD cameras are designed to operate ith
USB 2.0 high-speed (480 Mbps) hosts. Although they are fully
back ard compatible ith USB 1.1 full-speed (12 Mbps) hosts, image
do nload time can be some hat longer if USB 1.1 connection is used.
A simple and cheap device called USB hub can expand number of
available USB port. Typical USB hub occupies one computer USB
port and offers four free ports. Make sure the USB hub is USB 2.0
high-speed compatible.
4
But keep on mind that if more USB devices connected to one hub need
to communicate ith a host PC, USB hub shares its single up link line
to the host PC. Although G2 CCD cameras can operate through a USB
hub, it can negatively affect the camera performance, like do nload
time etc. It is recommended to connect other USB devices through
USB hub (e.g. the mouse) and to provide the camera a direct USB
connection to the host PC.
4. Alternatively it is possible to use the Gx Camera Ethernet Adapter.
This device can connect up to four Gx cameras of any type (not only
G3 and G4, but also G0, G1 and G2) and offers 1 Gbps and
10/100 Mbps Ethernet interface for direct connection to the host PC.
Because the PC then uses TCP/IP protocol to communicate ith the
cameras, it is possible to insert e.g. WiFi bridge or other net orking
device to the communication path.
The G2 CCD camera needs an external po er supply to operate. It is not
possible to run the camera from the po er lines provided by the USB cable,
hich is common for ebcams or very simple imagers. G2 CCD cameras
integrate highly efficient CCD chip cooling, shutter and filter heel, so their
po er requirements significantly exceed USB line po er capabilities. On the
other side separate po er source eliminates problems ith voltage drop on long
USB cables or ith dra ing of laptop batteries etc.
Also note the camera must be connected to some optical system (e.g. the
telescope) to capture images. The camera is designed for long exposures,
necessary to acquire the light from faint objects. If you plan to use the camera
ith the telescope, make sure the hole telescope/mount setup is capable to
track the target object smoothly during the exposure.
5
G2 Camera Overview
G2 camera head is designed to be easily used ith a set of accessories to fulfill
various observing needs. Camera head itself is manufactured in t o different
variants:
●Camera ith internal filter heel.
●Camera ith control port for external filter heel. This model allo s
attachment of several variants of external filter heels ith various
number of filter positions and sizes.
Illustration 1: G2 camera without filter wheel (left), with internal filter wheel (middle)
and with attached external filter wheel (right).
6
Illustration 2: Schematic diagram of G2 camera system components
7
Components of G2 Camera system include:
1. G2 camera head ith internal filter heel.
2. G2 camera head ithout internal filter heel, ready for attaching of
external filter heel.
3. G0 Guider camera.
4. G1 Guider camera.
G0 and G1 cameras are completely independent devices ith their
o n USB connection to the host PC. They can be used on G2 OAG,
on standalone guiding telescope or for any other imaging purpose, like
Moon or planetary imaging etc.
Both G0 and G1 camera can share the Gx Camera Ethernet Adapter
ith up to 3 other Gx cameras to be accessed over net ork.
5. External filter heel.
6. Off-axis guider adapter, optionally ith M42×0.75 thread (T-thread)
or M48×0.75 thread.
7. Thin spacer. Camera ith internal filter heel and this spacer has the
same back focal distance as camera ith external filter heel.
8. Thick spacer. Camera ithout internal filter heel and this spacer has
the same back focal distance as camera ith external filter heel.
9. Nikon bayonet adapter for Nikon compatible lenses.
10. Canon EOS bayonet adapter for Canon compatible lenses.
11. T-thread (M42×0.75) adapter.
12. 2-inch barrel adapter.
Other available adapters are missing from this illustration, e.g.
M48×0.75 thread adapter, M42×1 Pentax/Parktica lens adapter etc.
13. Gx Camera Ethernet Adapter allo s connection of up to 4 Gx cameras
of any type on the one side and 1 Gbps Ethernet on the other side. This
adapter allo s access to connected Gx cameras using routable TCP/IP
protocol over practically unlimited distance.
14. The hole system is controlled from a host PC.
8
CCD and Camera Electronics
G2 series of CCD cameras are manufactured ith t o kinds of CCD detectors:
●G2 cameras with Kodak KAF Full Frame (FF) CCD architecture.
Almost all Full Frame CCD detector area is exposed to light. This is
hy these detectors provide very high quantum efficiency. FF CCD
detectors, intended for research applications, are not equipped ith so-
called Anti Blooming Gate (ABG – a gate, hich prohibits blooming
of the charge to neighboring pixels hen image is over-exposed) to
ensure linear response to light through the hole dynamic range. FF
CCD detectors used for astrophotography are equipped ith ABG to
eliminate disrupting blooming streaks ithin field of vie .
Cameras ith Full Frame, non-ABG detectors are suitable for
scientific applications, here linear response is necessary for
photometric applications in astronomy, microscopy etc. High quantum
efficiency could be used also for narro -band imaging, here
overexposure is a rare exception, and for imaging of small objects
ithout a bright star in the field of vie .
Illustration : “Full Frame” CCD schematic diagram
●G2 cameras with Kodak KAI Interline Transfer (IT) architecture.
There is a shielded column of pixels just beside each column of active
pixels on these detectors. The shielded columns are called Vertical
registers. One pulse moves charge from exposed pixels to shielded
pixels on the end of each exposure. The the charge is moved from
vertical registers to horizontal register and digitized in the same ay
like in the case of Full Frame detectors. This mechanism is also kno n
as “electronic shuttering”, because it allo s very short exposures and
also digitization of the image ithout mechanically shielding of the
detector from incoming light.
Also G2 cameras ith IT CCDs are equipped ith mechanical shutter,
because electronic shutter does not allo dark-frame exposures,
necessary for proper image calibration etc.
The price for electronic shutter if lo er quantum efficiency
(sensitivity) of IT detectors compared to FF ones. Also all IT detectors
are equipped ith ABG, so they can acquire images of very bright
objects ithout charge blooming to neighboring pixels.
10
Illustration 4: “Interline Transfer” CCD schematic diagram
Este manual sirve para los siguientes modelos
5
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