LEGO Big Ben Manual de usuario

BigBen

LondonGreatBritain

Booklet available in English on

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A füzet magyarul ezen a honlapon olvasható: Architecture.LEGO.com

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Big Ben

Big Ben, oﬃcially known as the Clock Tower, has stood at the

north-eastern corner of the Palace of Westminster for over 150

years. It’s one of the most recognized landmarks in the world

today, and has become an iconic symbol of both London and

England. The story of its design and construction provides a

fascinating glimpse into one of the most interesting periods

of architectural history.

©Shutterstock.com

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©Shutterstock

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History

When the old Palace of Westminster was destroyed by ﬁre

on the 16th October 1834, a competition was announced

for the design of a new palace building. Over 97 entries

were received and in January 1836, it was announced that

the competition had been won by the 40 year-old English

architect Charles Barry. His initial design, in the modern

Neo-Gothic style, was only two-thirds the size of the

completed building and was without the 96.3 meter (316 ft)

Clock Tower that would become known as Big Ben.

As Barry’s own architectural style was more Classical than

Gothic, he asked for assistance from one of leading lights of

the neo-gothic movement, Augustus Pugin. While it is diﬃcult

to say exactly what work can be accredited to Pugin, it’s

commonly thought that he created much of the gothic-styled

interiors of the palace and the design of the clock tower itself.

Neither man would live to see the completion of their work.

The intricate designs gave many construction diﬃculties:

adding a whole decade to the estimated six-year building

time and tripling the initial budget.

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The design of the clock mechanism would also set

new standards in the ﬁeld of clock making and add

further complications to the construction process. After a

competition, the task was given to Edward John

Dent (1790-1853) in February 1852 and he set about

designing a mechanism that would live up to the then unheard

demands that the ﬁrst stroke of each hour should be accurate

to within one second. It took seven years before the clock

began keeping time on 31st May 1859; the construction

of the tower itself was delayed, Dent passed away, and

modiﬁcations had to be made when it was discovered that

the clock mechanism was larger than the actual space allowed.

Big Ben was the unoﬃcial name given to the tower’s

Great Bell. It was the largest bell in the Britain at the time

and named after either Sir Benjamin Hall, the ﬁrst Works

Commissioner, or Ben Caunt, a champion heavyweight boxer. The

ﬁrst Great Bell was cast in Stockton-on-Tees and transported to

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London by rail and see. Huge crowds gathered to watch it

being pulled across Westminster Bridge by 16 white horses.

During tests, however, a crack appeared and a new Great

Bell had to be cast. Though this one would eventually also

develop a crack, successful repairs and a lighter hammer

have ensured that it still rings out the time today.

The Neo-Gothic heritage of the Clock Tower is particularly

emphasized by the ornate decorations of its upper ﬂoors and

the clock dials. Each dial is seven meters (23 ft) in diameter

and made from cast iron and 312 separate pieces of pot opal

glass. Once every ﬁve years, specialist technicians abseil

down the dials to carry out cleaning and essential repairs.

The clock mechanism is wound by hand three times a week

and is still as accurate today as when it was constructed

over 150 years ago. Although Big Ben is one of the most

famous tourist attractions, it’s not open to overseas visitors.

Residents of the United Kingdom are able to visit the tower

after arrangement with their local Member of Parliament.

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Construction

The foundation stone for the Clock Tower was laid on

28th September 1843 and it wouldn’t be completed until 1859;

ﬁve years behind schedule. The Clock Tower was built from

the inside outwards, meaning that no scaﬀolding was ever

visible to the outside world.

The bottom 61 meters (200 ft) of the 96.3 meters (316 ft) high

Clock Tower consists of brickwork with sand colored Anston

limestone cladding. The remainder of the tower’s height is

made up of a framed spire of cast iron. The tower was

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founded on a 15-metre (49 ft) square raft of 3-metre (9.8 ft)

thick concrete, at a depth of 4 meters (13 ft) below ground

level. On its completion, the interior volume of the tower was

4,650 cubic meters (164,200 cubic feet).

When it was time to raise the Great Bell, it was discovered

that its dimensions meant it was too large to ﬁt up the Clock

Tower’s shaft vertically, so Big Ben was turned on its side

and winched that way. It took 30 hours to lift the bell to the

belfry in October 1858.

Over 150 years later the tower stands as a testament to solid

architectural design and ingenious engineering. Changes

in ground conditions, especially tunneling for the London

Underground, means that today the tower leans slightly to

the north-west by approximately 22 cm (8.66 inches) at the

clock dials.

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©parliament.uk

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Facts about Big Ben

Location.................................... LondonGreatBritain

Architect ................................... CharlesBarry/AugustusPugin

Style ............................................ Neo-Gothic

Constructiontype.............. Clocktower

Constructionmaterials... Brickworkstonecladdingcastiron

Date............................................. -

Height ........................................ mft

©Shutterstock

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