LEGO Interferometer Manual de usuario

Abbildung 1: Das Interferometer aus LEGO-Steinen.

LEGO-Interferometer

INTRODUCTION

The interferometer built from LEGO-bricks was developed for usage in

schools. All parts can be build b students using LEGO-manuals in about

15 minutes.

This manual will describe how the additional optical components can

be added to the LEGO-construction. In addition to that, the calibration

process of the interferometer is explained.

PREPARATION

 Function of a Michelson interferometer.

 Mathematical relation between the wavelength of light and the

translation of the mirror (see the end of this manual).

COMPONENTS

 LEGO-bricks or alread built components

 1x Hama Laserpointer LP18

 2x Front surface mirror 30mm x 20mm,

 1x Semi-transparent front surface mirror

 Glass lens, diameter d=18mm, f=26,5mm

 Hexagon screw M5 x 40mm

 Rubber bands

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Before adding the parts, please be aware that the optical components

are very prone to damage and therefore have tob e handled with care.

The quality of the interference patterns will be disrupted by

fingerprints on the lens or the mirrors. The experiments use front face

mirrors  why?). These are coated and the coating should not be

touched if possible. Cleaning of the optical components is not to be

done by using common handkerchiefs  why?)

0. ASSEMBLY

Build the components of the LEGO interferometer b using manuals 1-

4. Should the components already be assembled, please connected

them as shown in figure 1 and continue with the steps for adding the

optical components.

1. ADDING THE LASER

Put the laserpointer into the laser mount as shown and fixate it at the

back end b using the movable parts A, B and C.

B using the gear, adjust the laserpointer into a horizontal

position.

2. ADDING THE SCREW

Remove the bricks as shown.

Guide the M5 screw through the holes in the blue bricks.

Put a rubber band several times around the two angles to give

additional support to the screw.

Put the bricks with the screw back at its former place. The head of the

screw will be put between the two angles as shown.

Wind two rubber bands around the sled and the screw’s mount so

that the sled is pressed against the screw as shown.

3. ADDING THE MOVABLE MIRROR

Wind a rubber band around the LEGO bricks that the mirror will be

placed against. Pull down the rubber band to the base of the bricks.

Determine front and backside of the front surface mirror. Hold the

mirror as shown in the picture.

Slide the mirror between the rubber band and the bricks. The back

surface should point towards the bricks.

Wind a second rubber band around the top of the bricks and the mirror.

4. CALIBRATING THE LASER

Switch on the laser pointer. Use the clamp to permanentl have the

button pressed.

Adjust the laser pointer b using the gear D. The laser must be reflected

back to the pointer at the same height as it is leaving the pointer.

Correct the laser’s horizontal angle b using parts A and B so that the

laser is reflected exactl back into the opening of the pointer. Switch off

the laser pointer.

5. ADDING CALIBRATABLE MIRROR

Secure the mirror mount with a rubber band against the pla during

sidewa s rotations.

Place a rubber band in front of the movable arm so that it is pressed

against the Lego screw.

Locate the front side of the front surface mirror (see above). Place the

mirror on the intended location and fixate it with the T-link (E). During

this step, it is important that the mirror is placed exactl as shown.

Adjust the mirror mount b using the two gears so that the mirror is

perpendicular to the ground plate and parallel to the bobble pattern.

6. ADDING THE BEAMSPLITTER

Hold the beam splitter at the intended place.

Fixate the beam splitter b pressing the two rods tot he splitter b using

the T-link.

Adjust the beam splitter b light pusshing and pulling at the two rods. It

should be in a 45° angle tot he bubble pattern rows on the ground plate.

7. CALIBRATING CALIBRATABLE MIRROR

Place the screen at the position shown.

Switch on the laser pointer. There should be two points visible at the

screen.

Adjust the calibratable mirror so that the two points are on top of each

other.

Place the screen at a larger distance awa from the construction and

adjust the mirror, if two points are visible again.

. ADDING THE LENS

Hold the lens at the intended place and fixate it on both sides. Adjust

the mount so that the beam hits the lens at its center. The height can

be adjusted at the places marked b the red arrows.

FINE TUNING

There should now be an interference pattern on the screen. The center

of the pattern can be shifted bei carefull adjusting the calibratable

mirror mount and the lens.

TIPS AND POSSIBLE PROBLEMS

1. Should the front surface mirrors be placed at equal distances, the

rings of the interference pattern might be too far apart and mostl

not recognizable. In this case, it might help to take out the Lego-

part with the screw and turn it for an additional one or two

windings.

2. The interferomter is susceptible for all kinds of vibrations.

Therefore, it is advised to place it on a stable surface. It might be

helpful to use a clamp for fixating the interferometer to the table.

3. The stabilit can often be increased b making sure to press the

bricks into each other whilst building the parts. This can be

especiall helpful at the links between the ground plates.

CALCULATING THE WAVELENGTH

To determine the wavelength of the laser, the gear is turned b the lever

at the end of the transmission and the change of rings in the

interference pattern is counted. The ration between rings and turns can

be calculated b using the transmission ratio of the screws.

The transmission is constructed so that one full turn of the lever means





of a turn of the screw.

The screw has a pitch of 0,8mm. This means a shift of the sled b







   per turn.

All in all, one can get the wavelength  b using

 

















 ist he distance that the sled travels,  the number of ring shifts and

the number of turns of the lever.

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