Lectrosonics UR190 Manual de usuario

UR190

UHF COMPACT RECEIVER

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

and trouble-shooting guide

LECTROSONICS, INC.

Rio Rancho, NM

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for selecting the Lectrosonics Professional Series wireless microphone system. This system

represents well over 10 years of manufacturing experience in wireless microphones, and almost 70

years of design experience.

The UR190 UHF receiver design is the result of surveying the needs of professional video producers,

ENG cameramen and many others in the broadcast and pro video industry. Hundreds of conversations

with dealers and end-users developed the final parameters for the design.

The UR190 receiver is a fixed frequency design that eliminates the need to "tune" or adjust the receiver

every time it is used. This is the preferred design for a number of reasons, among them simplicity of

operation, no adjustments in "high pressure" situations, and interference rejection by design rather than

by trying to "tune" it out.

The UR190 miniature receiver was designed by professionals for outstanding performance and

flexibility, while preserving ease of operation. It is compatible with all Lectrosonics high band

transmitters. The UR190 receiver represents one of the best values in wireless, regardless of price.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1

GENERAL TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION .......................... 2

CONTROLS AND FUNCTIONS ................................ 4

RECEIVER FRONT PANEL ............................ 4

RECEIVER REAR PANEL ............................. 6

ANTENNA USE AND PLACEMENT ............................. 7

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ................................. 8

INDICATOR QUICK REFERENCE .............................. 8

TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................... 9

UR190 REPLACEMENT PARTS AND ACCESSORIES ............... 9

SERVICE AND REPAIR ..................................... 10

RETURNING UNITS FOR REPAIR ............................. 10

SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES ............................ 11

WARRANTY ........................................ Back cover

GENERAL TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

AFC

2nd Mixer

Demodulator

LED

Squelch

0dB

LED

-20

LED

Off

Power

LED

+9V

Helical Resonator

Filter

GAsFET

Preamp

Helical Resonator

Filter Double

Balanced

Mixer

1st

Local

Oscillator

CH12

Jack

+9V

Reg

1st IF Amp

and Crystal Filters

2nd

Local

Oscillator

Balanced

XLR

Output

Output Amp

& Level Control

2nd IF Amp

w/LC Filters

Dual-Band

Compandor

16 kHz

Lo-Pass Filter

Audio

Level

Hdph Amp

and Level Control

Headphone

Output

Polarity

Protection

Ant

Figure 1 - UR190 Receiver Block Diagram

The UR190 receiver is comprised of six major functional subsystems: the RF front-end amplifier, the

double balanced mixer/local oscillator, the first IF filter, the second IF filter and audio demodulator, the

compandor, and the balanced microphone level output circuit.

The RF front-end amplifier consists of a 5-section helical resonator for high selectivity. Between the

first and second helical resonators, is a low noise GAsFET amplifier. These amplifiers are designed to

provide only enough gain to make up for the inherent loss through the helical resonators. This

combination of low front-end gain, coupled with the extremely high selectivity of the cascaded helical

resonators results in no overloading, even on extremely strong signals. Rejection of out of band signals

is maximized, and intermodulation products are suppressed.

The mixer stage consists of a high level double balanced diode mixer. The oscillator is biased from a

regulated supply, and includes Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) yielding stable performance over

the normal variations in supply voltage. The local oscillator crystal operates at approximately 16 MHz,

and can be adjusted above and below the nominal frequency in order to place the 21.4 MHz IF in the

center of the crystal filter’s narrow passband. The high selectivity of the IF crystal filter stage further

minimizes the possibility of interference from signals on adjacent frequencies.

The second IF filter and the audio demodulator, as well as the squelch and RF output LED drive are

provided by one monolithic integrated circuit. The second IF filter is centered on 1mHz, and drives a

double tuned quadrature type FM demodulator. The squelch circuit is a supersonic noise detector type

and is factory set for a -20dB SINAD level (about .5uV). The squelch level is regulated and

temperature compensated to maintain a consistent squelch level under all conditions.

The Dual Band Compandor is driven by a multiple pole active low-pass filter. The filter ensures that

supersonic noise will not cause the compandor to increase gain incorrectly. This filter also drives the

-20dB and 0dB modulation LEDs.

Traditionally, compandors have been a source of distortion in wireless microphone systems. The basic

problem with conventional systems is that the attack and decay times are always a compromise. If the

time constants are fast, high frequency transients will not be distorted, but this will cause low frequency

distortion. If the time constants are slower, low frequency audio distortion will be low, but high

frequency transients will then be distorted. The 190 system introduces an entirely new approach to

solving this basic problem, called "dual-band companding."

There are actually two separate compandors in the 195 system, one for high frequencies and one for

low frequencies. A crossover network separates the frequency bands at 1kHz with a 6dB per octave

slope, followed by separate high and low frequency compandors. The attack and release times in the

high frequency compandor are fast enough to keep high frequency transient distortion at a low level,

and the low frequency compandor uses slower time constants, reducing low frequency distortion to well

below that of a conventional compandor.

The compandor senses the signal level, and dynamically increases the gain for loud signals or

decreases the gain for soft signals. In this way, the original dynamic range of the transmitted signal is

restored, while preserving a high signal-to-noise ratio. The expansion ratio is 2:1, which produces a

2dB change in output signal level for a 1dB change in input level.

The balanced microphone level output circuit generates a truly balanced signal at the XLR output

connector. The volume control is a balanced attenuator, and gives a gain range from -20dBV (at full

modulation) in the fully clockwise position to -50dBV in the fully counter-clockwise position. In addition,

the headphone circuit is driven from the microphone circuit. This means that the headphone output

level is dependent not only on the headphone volume control, but also the microphone level control.

CONTROLS AND FUNCTIONS

RECEIVER FRONT PANEL

MODULATION LEDs

Indicate the modulation (audio level) of the incoming signal, and can be used for proper adjustment of

the transmitter’s "MIC LEVEL" or "GAIN". The -20 LED glows when the transmitter modulation is at a

high enough level to produce a good audio signal-to-noise ratio. It will normally flicker, or stay lit as

you speak into the microphone. The 0dB lamp indicates a "peak," showing that the transmitter

modulation is at maximum. Constant lighting may indicate that the audio gain in the transmitter may be

set too high. It is normal and desirable that you see an occasional flicker of the 0dB lamp in typical

use.

OUTPUT CONTROL

Attenuates the audio output level of the receiver to match the input requirements of the equipment with

which it is used. The XLR output jack on the rear panel provides an audio output at microphone level

for low impedance, balanced inputs. At the extreme counter-clockwise position of the control knob, the

output level of this XLR jack will be 50dB at full modulation. In the fully clockwise position, the output

level will be -20dB at full modulation. Intermediate settings are sometimes necessary due to the

variations in different input compressors and ALC (automatic level control) circuits on various VCR’s

and audio inputs. The markings around the control knob are provided simply as "memory markers;"

they are not calibrated with reference to a specific output level.

ON/OFF/ SWITCH

Turns the receiver power off and on.

POWER LED

Glows when the power switch is in the ON position and external 12 Volt DC power is properly supplied.

If this LED is very dim or does not light up when the switch is turned on, check the connections from

the external power source.

RF LED

Lights when the transmitter is turned on and the receiver has a good signal. When the carrier signal

from the transmitter is too weak to produce a clean audio signal, the lamp will go out.

MINI PHONE JACK

Provides a monitor, separate from the rear panel XLR audio output. The output level from this jack is

controlled by both the OUTPUT control and the recessed trim-pot on the side panel. Generally, the

OUTPUT control would be set to provide the proper output level at the rear panel XLR jack, and then

the side panel trim-pot adjusted to match the required level for your earphone.

The output at this mini connector is designed for a medium impedance earphone. An earphone with an

impedance between 30 and 300 Ohms will usually provide adequate volume. The sound from a low

impedance ear phone (ie. 8 Ohms) will not be very loud and may be distorted at higher listening levels.

ANTENNA JACK

Connects to any 50 ohm antenna with a BNC type connector (a flexible "rubber duckie" antenna is

supplied). The A-185 Coax remote type antenna may also be used.

-50 dBV -20

-20 0dB

MODULATION

OUTPUT

OFF

POWER RF

Figure 2 - UR190 Front Panel

RECEIVER REAR PANEL

12 VDC INPUT

Connects to the supplied CH-12 AC adapter for powering the receiver from a 110/120V AC source. The

receiver may also be powered from external 12 volt DC sources using the correct plug (Switchcraft

S-760 power plug). A diode bridge is used in the external power input, so that the UR190 will operate

properly from either polarity.

AUDIO OUTPUT

Supplies a balanced, low impedance output at microphone level. The audio signal is output on pins 2

and 3, while pin 1 is ground. The output level of this jack is controlled by the OUTPUT control on the

front panel of the receiver. The connector is a standard XLR type.

ANT 12V DC

AUDIO OUT

Figure 3 - UR190 Rear Panel

ANTENNA USE AND PLACEMENT

Connect the antenna to the front panel jack. Position the antenna so that it is not within 3 or 4 feet of

large metal surfaces. If this is not possible, try to position the antenna so that it is as far away from the

metal surface as is practical. It is also good to position the receiver so that there is a direct "line of

sight" between the transmitter and the receiver antenna. In situations where the operating range is less

than about 50 feet, the antenna positioning is much less critical.

A wireless transmitter sends a radio signal out in all directions. This signal will often bounce off nearby

walls, ceilings, etc. and a strong reflection can arrive at the receiver antenna along with the direct

signal. If the direct and reflected signals are out of phase with each other a cancellation may occur.

The result would be a "drop out." A drop out sounds like either audible noise (hiss), or in severe cases,

may result in a complete loss of the carrier and the sound. Moving the transmitter even a few inches

may eliminate it. A dropout situation may be either better or worse as the crowd fills and/or leaves the

room, or when the transmitter or receiver is operated in a different location.

Dropouts can be avoided by careful placement of the receiver. If you are mounting the receiver on a

video camera or camcorder, experiment with the location prior to going into the field. By placing the

antenna above the body of the camera, you will increase your operating range. If the antenna is laid

next to the camera, as shown in the illustration below, the body of the camera will serve as a shield

and reduce range. This position may work but be certain at least part of the antenna extends above

the camera. Alternate locations can include the back of the camera, the top of the camera or mounted

vertically on the side.

If dropouts occur in the field, moving the transmitter or receiver slightly in any direction will usually

eliminate the problem.

DIRECTSIGNAL

INDIRECTSIGNAL

DIRECT SIGNAL

INDIRECT SIGNAL

TRANSMITTER

PHASE

CANCELLATION

REFLECTIVE SURFACE

RECEIVER

Figure 4 - Dropouts resulting from phase cancellation

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

1) Connect the power cord.

2) Attach and extend the antenna.

3) Connect the audio cable.

4) Set the front panel switch to either "EXT" or "INT", depending upon the power source. Check

to see that the red POWER LED lights up.

5) THIS IS PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP IN THE SET UP PROCEDURE. Adjust

the transmitter "gain". See your transmitter manual (Operating Instructions section) for

specific directions on the proper gain adjustment of your particular transmitter.

6) Adjust the output control according to the type of input on your equipment. The input levels

on different VCR’s and PA equipment vary, which may require that you set the OUTPUT

control in an intermediate position. Try different settings and listen to the results. If the

output of the receiver is too high, you may hear distortion or a loss of the natural dynamics of

the audio signal. If the output is too low, you may hear steady noise (hiss) along with the

audio. The UR190 output was designed to drive microphone level inputs. The output signal

level ranges from -50dBV with the output control fully counter clockwise to -20dBV with the

output control fully clockwise when the transmitter signal is at full modulation.

INDICATOR QUICK REFERENCE

(Refer to Controls and Functions section for more detailed descriptions)

RF - This LED lights up when the transmitter is turned on. This indicates that the receiver is

getting an adequate RF signal (carrier) from the transmitter.

POWER - This LED lights up when the receiver is properly connected to a power supply and

switched on.

MODULATION - The "-20" LED lights up when an audio signal is present at an adequate level to

produce a good signal to noise ratio. The "0dB" LED lights up when the audio level is high and

the signal is being compressed in the transmitter. An extremely high audio level may cause

distortion.

REVIEW THE TRANSMITTER INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR PROPER

ADJUSTMENT AND SETUP OF THE TRANSMITTER MIC LEVEL OR GAIN

TROUBLESHOOTING

Before going through the following chart, be sure that you have a properly connected AC adapter.

The POWER LED should glow brightly.

SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE

NO POWER LED 1) Receiver switch in "OFF" position

2) External 12 Volt power disconnected

3) Receiver switch in wrong position for the power

source used

NO RF LED 1) Transmitter not turned on

2) Transmitter battery dead

3) No microphone on transmitter (the microphone

serves as the antenna

4) Receiver antenna not connected

RF LED ON BUT NO SOUND 1) Transmitter switch in "MUTE" position

AND NO MODULATION LEDS 2) Transmitter microphone not connected

3) Microphone switch in "OFF" position

4) Possible malfunction in the audio section of the

transmitter See transmitter manual

5) Check transmitter modulation LEDs for possible

transmitter problem

MODULATION LED’s ON 1) Receiver LEVEL control turned down

BUTNOSOUND 2) Audio cable disconnected

3) Recorder or sound system off, or not properly

adjusted

UR190 REPLACEMENT PARTS AND ACCESSORIES

Part No. Description

CH-12 110 Volt AC adapter for UR190 receiver

CC-MINI System pouch, zippered, for compact wireless systems

A-500S UHF Flexible whip receiver antenna, straight

A-500RA UHF Flexible whip receiver antenna, right angle

PS-12 Power cable, Hi-rose 7-4 pin (Betacam) to DC power supply (UR190)

PS-212 Same as PS-12 except with dual plugs to power 2 UR190 receivers

UMC-190 Rackmount, space for four receivers, with RF dstribution amplifier

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