Keysight N9068A Manual de usuario

This demonstration guide will guide you through some

typical usage scenarios for the Keysight Technologies, Inc.

X-Series signal analyzers with the N9068A/W9068A phase

noise measurement application. Each demonstration is given

a brief description of its function and the corresponding

measurement steps on the signal generator and/or signal

analyzer.

Keysight Technologies

N9068A & W9068A Phase Noise

X-Series Measurement Application

Demo Guide

Demonstration Preparation

All demonstrations use an X-Series

signal analyzer with the phase noise

measurement application and the

N5181A MXG analog signal generator

(unless otherwise noted). Keystrokes

surrounded by [ ] indicate front-panel

keys; keystrokes surrounded by

{ } indicate softkeys located on the

display.

Minimum equipment conguration requirements

Product type Model number Required options

MXG (or PSG,

ESG) analog or

vector signal

generator

N5181A or any other

signal generator with CW

RF signal output

– Option 503 or any other frequency option

X-Series signal

analyzer

N9030A PXA, N9020A

MXA, N9010A EXA, or

N9000A CXA

– Option 503 or any other frequency option

Phase noise

measurement

application

N9068A (PXA, MXA, EXA)

W9068A (CXA)

– Option 2FP – fixed perpetual license

– Option 2TP – transportable perpetual

license (not available for CXA)

Figure 1. Demonstration setup

Demonstration Setup

Connect the X-Series and MXG

Perform the following steps to

interconnect the X-Series and MXG

(see Figure 1 for a graphical overview):

A. Connect the MXG RF output port

to the X-Series RF input port with

a 50 Ω RF cable

B. Connect the MXG “REF IN” to the

X-Series “10 MHz OUT” port (rear

panel) with a BNC cable

Helpful tip:

Update your instrument firmware and software

to the latest version, available at

www.keysight.com/find/xseries_software

www.keysight.com/find/signalstudio

REF IN

10 MHz

OUT

Demonstrations

Demonstration 1:

Getting started

The signal under test is simply a

continuous-wave (CW) RF signal from

the MXG. Recommended settings

for signal generator are 1 GHz center

frequency and –10 dBm RF output

level.

Instructions Keystrokes

On the MXG signal generator

Preset the MXG [Preset]

Set up the signal under test at 1 GHz

center frequency and –10 dBm output

level

[FREQ] [1] {GHz}; [AMPLD] [-] [10] {dBm}

Turn off modulation

[Mod On/Off] and ensure the LED under the key

is off

Turn on RF output

[RF On/Off] and ensure the LED under the key

is lit

On the X-Series signal analyzer

Switch to Phase Noise mode

[Mode] {Phase Noise}

Set the signal analyzer with a carrier

frequency of 1 GHz and an amplitude

reference level of 0 dBm

[FREQ Channel] {Carrie Freq} [1]{GHz}; [AMPTD

Y Scale] {Ref Value} [0] {dBm}

View the signal at spectrum domain

using “Monitor Spectrum”. It is

always a good idea to use the moni-

tor spectrum measurement to make

sure your X-Series signal analyzer set

to the right frequency.

[Meas] {Monitor Spectrum}

Figure 2. Monitor spectrum to check the signal coming from the DUT

Demonstration 2:

Log plot measurement

The log plot is the most-frequently

used presentation of a DUT’s phase

noise performance. It measures

single-sideband phase noise (in dBc/

Hz) versus offset frequencies from the

carrier on a logarithmic scale.

View the entire phase noise behavior

across decades of offset frequencies.

Adjust the number of decades by

selecting the appropriate start and

stop offsets.

Perform trace smoothing with the

user-adjustable smoothing segment

length and view it superimposed with

the raw data trace.

Figure 3. Log plot phase noise with a smoothed trace and decade table turned on

Instructions Keystrokes

On the X-Series in Phase Noise mode:

View log plot [Meas] {Log Plot}

Set the signal analyzer with a carrier fre-

quency of 1 GHz and an amplitude reference

level of 0 dBm

[FREQ Channel] {Carrie Freq} [1]

{GHz}; [AMPTD Y Scale] {Ref Value}

[0] {dBm}

Set the start offset to 100 Hz and stop

offset to 100 MHz and restart the log plot

measurement

[SPAN X Scale] {Start Offset} [100]

{Hz}; {Stop Offset} [100] {MHz}, then

[Restart]

Turn the Decade table on, so that you can

have both graphic and tabular presentations

[Meas Setup] {More 1 of 2},

{Decade Table on}

Demonstration 3:

Integrated noise

measurement

Depending upon applications, other

aspects of the phase noise may better

serve the purpose of evaluating your

DUT’s phase noise behaviors. In the

digital world, root-mean-square (rms)

phase deviation/jitter (in degrees

or radians) and rms phase jitter (in

seconds) are used more frequently

to evaluate the stability of a high-

frequency clock. On the other hand,

residual FM is more important to

amplifier designers and manufacturers.

The X-Series signal analyzers make

these measurements easy with

advanced marker functions applied

on the measurement result of the

Log plot.

Figure 4. Calculate rms jitter and residual FM using band marker functions

Instructions Keystrokes

On the X-Series Phase Noise mode:

View Log plot [Meas] {Log Plot}

Set the signal analyzer with a carrier

frequency of 1 GHz and an amplitude

reference level of 0 dBm

[FREQ Channel] {Carrie Freq} [1] {GHz};

[AMPTD Y Scale] {Ref Value} [0] {dBm}

Set the start offset to 100 Hz and stop

offset to 100 MHz and restart the log plot

measurement

[SPAN X Scale] {Start Offset} [100]{Hz};

{Stop Offset} [100]{MHz}, then [Restart]

Activate markers for the rms jitter

measurements [Marker Function] {RMS Noise} {Jitter}

Set an integrated band and get the

integrated noise measurement results

{Band Adjust} {Band/Interval Left} [1]

{kHz}, {Band/Interval Right} [10] {kHz},

then read the value in bold green font on

the top right corner of the display

Turn on the marker table

[Marker] {More 1 of 2} {Marker Table On}

Add the residual FM measurement with a

different integrated band being set

[Maker Function] {Select Marker}

{Marker 2} {Residual FM}; {Band

Adjust} {Band/Interval Left} [50]{kHz},

{Band/Interval Right} [100] {kHz}, then

read the value in bold green font on the

top right corner of the display

Demonstration 4:

Spot frequency measurement

Spot frequency measurement inves-

tigates the phase noise behavior at a

speciﬁc offset frequency by providing

the time domain view.

With the signal tracking function

on (the defaulted state), the carrier

frequency drift can be observed.

Figure 5. Spot frequency measurement provides carrier frequency drift view and phase noise change

versus time in a speciﬁc offset

Instructions Keystrokes

On the X-Series signal analyzer:

Start Spot frequency [Meas] {Power Stat CCDF}

Set the signal analyzer with a carrier

frequency of 1 GHz

[Trace/Detector] {Store Ref Trace}

Set the spot offset frequency to 10 kHz [Trace/Detector] {Ref Trace On}

On the MXG

Set the incremental frequency at 10 Hz

per step

[FREQ] [Incr Set] [10] {kHz}, then [↑]

or [↓] to manually adjust the carrier

frequency drift by 10 kHz/step

On the X-Series Phase Noise mode:

Adjust the signal analyzer’s Y-axis scale

according to the 10 Hz/step set on the MXG.

Manually adjust the RF carrier frequency

from the output of the signal generator up or

down by 10 Hz steps to see the stair shaped

trace in the delta frequency pane.

Press the third button from the power

switch at the analyzer’s front panel to

activate the “Delta Freq” pane (with

a light green frame), then [AMPTD]

{Scale/Div} [10] {Hz}

View the spot frequency phase noise along

with the numerical results of the SSB phase

noise table

[View/Display] {Numerical}

Turn the signal tracking off

[FREQ Channel] {Signal Tracking Off}

Demonstration 5:

Displayed average noise

level (DANL) measurements

and reference trace

subtractions

The DANL floor of the signal analyzer

may adversely affect the phase noise

measurement results, particularly

at the wider offset. The DANL mea-

surement provided by the N9068A/

W9068A measures and references the

X-Series signal analyzer to the carrier

amplitude.

Furthermore, the measured DANL

can be used as a reference trace

when implementing reference trace

subtraction to eliminate the analyzer’s

broadband noise effect from the

phase noise measurements.

Instructions Keystrokes

On the X-Series Phase Noise mode:

Start DANL measurement and set the

average number to 20. The signal analyzer

averages 20 measurements – wait for

the measurement to finish (the Avg|Hold

counter in the measurement status bar at

the top of the display helps keep track of

the status).

[Mode preset] [Meas] {Log Plot} [Meas

Setup] {Avg Number On} [20] {Enter}, {Meas

Type} {DANL} [Restart]

Save DANL as the reference trace for the

following DANL subtraction

[Trace/Detector] {Select Trace} {Trace 2}

{More 1 of 2} {Copy/Exchange} {From Trace}

{Trace 2} {To Trace} {Trace 3} {Copy Now}

Implement DANL subtraction

[Meas Setup] {More 1 of 2} {Cancellation}

{Cancellation On} {Ref Trace} {Trace 3};

[Meas Setup] {Meas Type} {Phase Noise}

[Single]

Figure 6. DANL measurement result

Figure 7. Phase noise plot with DANL subtraction

Additional Resources

Web

Product page: www.keysight.com/nd/n9068a and

www.keysight.com/nd/w9068a

X-Series signal analyzers: www.keysight.com/nd/X-Series

X-Series advanced measurement applications:

www.keysight.com/nd/X-Series_apps

Literature

N9068A & W9068A Phase Noise Measurement Application Technical

Overview, literature number 5989-5354EN

N9068A & W9068A Phase Noise Measurement Application

Measurement Guide, literature number N9068-90011

Phase Noise Measurement Selection Guide, literature number

5990-5725EN

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This information is subject to change without notice.

Published in USA, August 1, 2014

5990-8014EN

www.keysight.com

08 | Keysight | N9068A & W9068A Phase Noise X-Series Measurement Application – Demo Guide

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