Keithley 6485 Manual de usuario

Model 6485 Picoammeter

Instruction Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

Model 6485 Picoammeter

Instruction Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

First Printing, November 2001

Document Number: 6485-901-01 Rev. A

Getting Started

•

Introduction

— Description of the Model 6485 Picoammeter.

•

Overview of this manual

— Provides content of this manual.

•

General information

— Covers general information that includes warranty infor-

mation, contact information, safety symbols and terms, inspection, and available

options and accessories.

•

Features

— Summarizes the features of Model 6485.

•

Front and rear panel familiarization

— Summarizes the controls and connectors of

the instrument as well as providing information on the front panel display.

•

Power-up

— Covers line power connection, line voltage setting, fuse replacement,

power line frequency, and the power-up sequence.

•

Default settings

— Covers the ﬁve instrument setup conﬁgurations available to the

user; three user deﬁned, GPIB defaults, or factory defaults.

•

SCPI programming

— Explains how SCPI commands are presented in this man-

ual.

1-2 Getting Started Model 6485 Picoammeter Instruction Manual

Introduction

The Model 6485 is a high resolution bus-programmable (RS-232 and IEEE-488) picoam-

meter. The Model 6485 has the following current measurement ranges: 8 ranges (from

20mA down to the 2nA range, with the 2nA range having the lowest noise).

Overview of this manual

This manual describes how to connect, program, and maintain the Model 6485 Picoamme-

ter. The sections of the manual are organized as follows:

–Section 1: Getting Started

–Section 2: Measurement Concepts and Connections

–Section 3: Measurements

–Section 4: Range, Units, Digits, Rate, and Filters

–Section 5: Relative, mX+b, m/X+b (Reciprocal), and Log

–Section 6: Buffer

–Section 7: Triggering

–Section 8: Limit test

–Section 9: Remote Operation

–Section 10: Status Structure

–Section 11: Common Commands

–Section 12: SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

–Section 13: DISPlay, FORMat, and SYSTem

–Section 14: SCPI Reference Tables

–Section 15: Performance Veriﬁcation

–Section 16: Calibration

–Section 17: Routine Maintenance

Appendices to this manual contain speciﬁcation and also provide additional information

on speciﬁc topics. The appendices are organized as follows:

–Appendix A: Speciﬁcations

–Appendix B: Status and Error Messages

–Appendix C: Measurement Considerations

–Appendix D: DDC Emulation Commands

–Appendix E: Example Programs

–Appendix F: IEEE-488 Bus Overview

–Appendix G: IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information

–Appendix H: Remote Calibration

–Appendix I: Applications Guide

Model 6485 Picoammeter Instruction Manual Getting Started 1-3

General information

Warranty information

Warranty information is located at the front of this manual. Should your Model 6485

require warranty service, contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair facility in

your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to ﬁll

out and include the service form at the back of this manual to provide the repair facility

with the necessary information.

Contact information

Worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual. If you have any questions,

please contact your local Keithley representative or call one of our Application Engineers

at 1-800-348-3735 (U.S. and Canada only).

Safety symbols and terms

The following symbols and terms may be found on the instrument or used in this manual:

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating

instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on the instrument shows that high voltage may be present on the termi-

nal(s). Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The

WARNING

heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in per-

sonal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before per-

forming the indicated procedure.

The

CAUTION

heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the

instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Unpacking and inspection

Inspection for damage

The Model 6485 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment.

After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physi-

cal damage that may have occurred during transit. (There may be a protective ﬁlm over the

display lens, which can be removed.) Report any damage to the shipping agent immedi-

ately. Save the original packing carton for possible future shipment. Before removing the

6485 Picoammeter from the bag, observe the precautions on handling discussed below.

1-4 Getting Started Model 6485 Picoammeter Instruction Manual

Handling precautions

• Always grasp the 6485 by the covers.

• After removing the 6485 from its anti-static bag, inspect it for any obvious signs of

physical damage. Report any such damage to the shipping agent immediately.

• When the 6485 is not installed and connected, keep the unit in its anti-static bag,

and store it in the original packing carton.

Package content

The following items are included with every Model 6485 order:

• Model 6485 Picoammeter with line cord.

• Low Noise Cable with Male BNC on both ends (Model 4801).

• Protective BNC Shield/Cap (CAP-18).

• Banana lead to screw terminal adapter (Model CA-186-1B). (Referred to as ground

link throughout this manual.)

• Accessories as ordered.

• Certiﬁcate of calibration.

• Model 6485 User Manual (P/N LCHR-950-01).

• Manual Addenda (pertains to any improvements or changes concerning the instru-

ment or manual).

Options and accessories

Input cables, connectors, and adapters

Model 4801

Input Cable — This 4 ft (1.2m) low-noise coax cable is terminated with male

BNC connectors on each end. (One Model 4801 is included with every order).

Model 4802-10

— This 10 ft (3m) low-noise coax cable is terminated at one end with a

male BNC connector (the other end is unterminated).

Model 4803

Low Noise Cable Kit — This cable kit includes:

– 15m (50 ft) of low noise coax cable

– 10 male BNC connectors

– 5 female BNC chassis-mount connectors

Model 7078-TRX-BNC adapter

— 3-slot male triax to female BNC

Model 8607

— Banana cable set (1m).

CA-186-1B

— Banana lead to screw terminal adapter (one model CA-186-1B is included

with every order).

Model 6485 Picoammeter Instruction Manual Getting Started 1-5

CAP-18

— Protective shield/cap for BNC connectors (one model CAP-18 is included

with every order).

CS-565 barrel adapter

— This is a barrel adapter that allows you to connect two BNC

cables together. Both ends of the adapter are terminated with 2-lug female BNC connec-

tors.

GPIB and trigger link cables and adapters

Models 7007-1 and 7007-2 shielded GPIB cables

— Connect Model 6485 to the GPIB

bus using shielded cables and connectors to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Model 7007-1 is lm long; Model 7007-2 is 2m long.

Models 8501-1 and 8501-2 trigger link cables — Connect Model 6485 to other instru-

ments with Trigger Link connectors (e.g., Model 7001 Switch System). Model 8501-1 is

lm long; Model 8501-2 is 2m long.

Model 8502 trigger link adapter — Lets you connect any of the six trigger link lines of

Model 6485 to instruments that use the standard BNC trigger connectors.

Model 8503 DIN to BNC trigger cable — Lets you connect trigger link lines one (Volt-

meter Complete) and two (External Trigger) of Model 6485 to instruments that use BNC

trigger connectors. Model 8503 is lm long.

Rack mount kits

Model 4288-1 single ﬁxed rack mount kit — Mounts a single Model 6485 in a standard

19-inch rack.

Model 4288-2 side-by-side rack mount kit — Mounts two instruments (Models 182,

428, 486, 487, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010, 2400, 2410, 2420, 2430, 6430, 6485, 6517 A,

7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.

Model 4288-4 side-by-side rack mount kit — Mounts Model 6485 and a 5.25-inch

instrument (Models 195A, 196, 220, 224, 230, 263, 595, 614, 617, 705, 740, 775A, 6512)

side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.

Carrying case

Model 1050 padded carrying case — A carrying case for Model 6485. Includes handles

and shoulder strap.

Instruction Manual

If an additional Model 6485 manual is required, order the manual package. The Keithley

part number for the Instruction manual is 6485-901-010. The manual package includes an

instruction manual and any pertinent addenda.

1-6 Getting Started Model 6485 Picoammeter Instruction Manual

Additional references

While reading this document, you may ﬁnd it helpful to consult the following documenta-

tion for reference:

Low Level Measurements handbook — Keithley’s guide for effective low current, low

voltage, and high impedance measurements.

Features

The Model 6485 is a high-performance picoammeter capable of measuring current.

Section 2 contains details on its measurement capabilities (“Measurement overview,” page

4-2). Features of Model 6485 Picoammeter include:

Setup storage — Five instrument setups (three user, GPIB defaults, and factory defaults)

can be saved and recalled. See “Front panel setup operation,” page 1-15.

mX+b, m/X+b (reciprocal—for resistance calculations), and log10 — These calculations

provide mathematical manipulation of readings (Section 5).

Relative — Null offsets or establish baseline values (Section 5).

Buffer — Store up to 2500 readings in the internal buffer (Section 6).

Limits — Set up to two stages of high and low reading limits to test devices (Section 8).

Remote interface — Model 6485 can be controlled using the IEEE-488 interface (GPIB)

or the RS-232 interface (Section 9).

GPIB programming language — When using the GPIB, the instrument can be pro-

grammed using the SCPI or DDC programming language (Section 9).

Front and rear panel familiarization

Front panel summary

The front panel of Model 6485 is shown in Figure 1-1.

Model 6485 Picoammeter Instruction Manual Getting Started 1-7

Figure 1-1

Front panel

NOTE To modify a key’s properties, press the CONFIG / LOCAL key (see Special keys

and power switch) and then the key. Not all keys have conﬁgurable properties.

1 Special keys and power switch

CONFIG/ When in Local operation, use to conﬁgure properties of the next button pressed.

LOCAL When in Remote operation (REM annunciator lit), cancels GPIB remote mode.

MENU Provides access to menu.

POWER Power switch. In position turns 6485 on (I), out position turns it off (O).

2 Function keys

MEDN Use to control and modify properties of the median ﬁlter.

AVG Use to control and modify properties of the digital ﬁlter.

MX+B Use to perform and conﬁgure properties of the mX+b math function.

M/X+B Use to perform and conﬁgure properties of the m/X+b math function.

LOG Use to convert output / display to log10 (on / off).

REL Use to control and conﬁgure properties of the rel(ative) function.

ZCHK Use to perform a Zero Check function.

ZCOR Use to control Zero Correct function (on / off).

3 Operation keys

COMM Use to control and modify communication properties (GPIB or RS-232).

DISP Use to turn display on/off.

TRIG Trigger measurement(s). Takes 6485 out of idle state. Use also to conﬁgure trigger

properties.

6485

PICOAMMETER

RANGE

AUTO

CONFIG/

LOCAL

POWER

RANGE

SHIFT

CH1REM

TALK

LSTN

SRQ

STAT

REL FILT

BUFFER

MATH

REAR

SCAN

TIMER

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

EXIT ENTER

HALT RATEDIGITS

STORE RECALL

MEDN

A G MX+B M/X+B LOG REL ZCHK ZCOR

COMM DISP TRIG

LIMIT AZERO

SAVE SETUP

1-8 Getting Started Model 6485 Picoammeter Instruction Manual

HALT Stops measurement process. Puts 6485 in idle state.

DIGITS Use to set display resolution.

RATE Use to select measurement rate.

andUse to control cursor position for making selections or editing values.

SAVE Use to save present setup to a memory location.

SETUP Use to restore setup to either GPIB or factory defaults, or to a user memory location.

Also use to modify properties of power on defaults to either GPIB or factory defaults,

or to a user memory location.

STORE Use to start buffer and modify the number of readings to store.

RECALL Use to display stored readings (including maximum, minimum, peak-to-peak, aver-

age, and standard deviation). The and range keys scroll through the buffer, and

the or key toggles between reading number, reading, and timestamp.

LIMIT Use to perform and create limit tests.

AZERO Use to control auto zero function (on / off).

EXIT Use to cancel selection and move back to measurement display.

ENTER Use to accept selection and move to next choice or back to measurement display.

4 Range keys

Use to select the next higher measurement range. Also use to modify the upper auto-

range limit.

Use to select the next lower measurement range. Also use to modify the lower auto-

range limit.

AUTO Enables/disables autorange.

5 Display annunciators

* (asterisk) Readings being stored in buffer.

(more) Indicates additional selections are available.

AUTO Autorange enabled.

BUFFER Recalling readings stored in buffer.

ERR Questionable reading, or invalid cal step.

FAST Fast (0.1 PLC) reading rate selected.

FILT MEDIAN and/or AVERAGE ﬁlter enabled.

LSTN Instrument addressed to listen over GPIB.

MATH mX+b, m/X+b, or log10 calculation enabled.

MED Medium (1 PLC) reading rate selected.

REL Relative enabled for present measurement function.

REM Instrument in GPIB remote mode.

SLOW Slow reading rate selected; 6 PLC for 60Hz or 5 PLC for 50Hz.

SRQ Service request over GPIB.

STAT Displaying buffer statistics.

TALK Instrument addressed to talk over GPIB bus.

TIMER Timer controlled triggering in use.

TRIG External triggering (GPIB or trigger link) selected.

6 Handle

Pull out and rotate to desired position.

Rear panel summary

The rear panel of Model 6485 is shown in Figure 1-2.

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