Garmin GPS 16x Manual de usuario

GPS 16x

TECHNICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

Garmin International, Inc.

1200 E. 151st Street

Olathe, KS 66062 USA

190-00228-08 Revision C

October 2011

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

Page i

Garmin International, Inc

1200 East 151st Street,

Olathe, Kansas 66062, USA

Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020

Fax 913/397.8282

Garmin (Europe) Ltd.

Liberty House, Hounsdown Business Park

Southampton, Hampshire, SO40 9LR UK

Tel. +44 (0) 870.8501242 (outside the UK) 0808 2380000 (within the UK)

Fax +44 (0) 870.8501251

Garmin Corporation

No. 68, Zhangshu 2nd Road, Xizhi Dist.

New Taipei City, 221, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

Tel. 886/2.2642.9199

Fax 886/2.2642.9099

transmitted, disseminated, downloaded, or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express prior

written consent of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual onto a hard

drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed and to print one copy of this manual or of any revision hereto,

provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual must contain the complete text of this copyright notice

and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly

prohibited.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve its

products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes

or improvements. Visit the Garmin Web site (www.garmin.com) for current updates and supplemental information

concerning the use and operation of this and other Garmin products.

Garmin®and MapSource®are registered trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries and may not be used without

the express permission of Garmin.

Web site address: www.garmin.com

RECORD OF REVISIONS

Revision

Date

Description ECO #

A 12/7/07 Initial Release --

B 9/2/08 Revised and Redrawn 56061

C 10/3/11 Revised and Redrawn 85241

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

Page ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1Introduction..............................................................................................................................1

1.1 Caution ............................................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Limited Warranty ............................................................................................................................................2

1.3 Overview .........................................................................................................................................................3

1.4 Features ...........................................................................................................................................................3

1.5 Technical Specifications..................................................................................................................................4

1.5.1 Physical Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................ 4

1.5.1.1 Size............................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.5.1.2 Weight....................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.1.3 Cable ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.1.4 Color ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.1.5 Case Material ............................................................................................................................................ 4

1.5.2 Electrical Characteristics....................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.2.1 Input Voltage............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.5.2.2 Input Current ............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.5.2.3 Standby Current ........................................................................................................................................ 4

1.5.2.4 GPS Receiver Sensitivity .......................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.3 Environmental Characteristics .............................................................................................................................. 4

1.5.4 GPS Performance.................................................................................................................................................. 5

1.5.4.1 Receiver .................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.4.2 Acquisition Times ..................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.4.3 Sentence Rate ............................................................................................................................................ 5

1.5.4.4 Accuracy ................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.5 Interfaces............................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.5.1 Port 1......................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.5.2 Port 2......................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.5.3 PPS............................................................................................................................................................ 6

1.5.5.4 Power Control ........................................................................................................................................... 6

2GPS 16x Wiring and Pinouts ..................................................................................................7

2.1 GPS 16x Pinout ...............................................................................................................................................7

2.2 GPS 16x Wiring Diagrams..............................................................................................................................8

3Mechanical Characteristics & Mounting...............................................................................9

3.1 GPS 16x Flush Mount .....................................................................................................................................9

3.2 GPS 16x Optional Magnetic Mount ..............................................................................................................10

4Software Interface..................................................................................................................11

4.1 Received NMEA 0183 Sentences .................................................................................................................11

4.1.1 Almanac Information (ALM).............................................................................................................................. 11

4.1.2 Sensor Initialization Information (PGRMI) ........................................................................................................ 12

4.1.3 Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC) ..................................................................................................... 12

4.1.4 Additional Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC1) ................................................................................. 13

4.1.5 Output Sentence Enable/Disable (PGRMO) ....................................................................................................... 13

4.2 Transmitted NMEA 0183 Sentences .............................................................................................................15

4.2.1 Sentence Transmission Rate................................................................................................................................ 15

4.2.2 Transmitted Time................................................................................................................................................ 16

4.2.3 Global Positioning System Almanac Data (ALM).............................................................................................. 16

4.2.4 Global Positioning System Fix Data (GGA) ....................................................................................................... 16

4.2.5 GPS DOP and Active Satellites (GSA) ............................................................................................................... 17

4.2.6 GPS Satellites in View (GSV)............................................................................................................................. 17

4.2.7 Recommended Minimum Specific GPS/TRANSIT Data (RMC) ....................................................................... 17

4.2.8 Track Made Good and Ground Speed (VTG) ..................................................................................................... 17

4.2.9 Geographic Position (GLL)................................................................................................................................. 18

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

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4.2.10 Estimated Error Information (PGRME) .............................................................................................................. 18

4.2.11 GPS Fix Data Sentence (PGRMF) ...................................................................................................................... 18

4.2.12 Programmable Device ID (PGRMID)................................................................................................................. 18

4.2.13 Map Datum (PGRMM) ....................................................................................................................................... 18

4.2.14 Sensor Status Information (PGRMT).................................................................................................................. 18

4.2.15 3D Velocity Information (PGRMV) ................................................................................................................... 19

4.2.16 DGPS Beacon Information (PGRMB)................................................................................................................ 19

4.3 Baud Rate Selection ......................................................................................................................................19

4.4 One-Pulse-Per-Second (PPS) Output ............................................................................................................19

4.5 Received RTCM Data ...................................................................................................................................19

Appendix A: Earth Datums ........................................................................................................20

Appendix B: Garmin Binary Output Format ...........................................................................23

Position Record............................................................................................................................................................... 23

Satellite Data Record ...................................................................................................................................................... 24

Sample C Code ............................................................................................................................................................... 25

Appendix C: Ephemeris Data download (Programming Example) .......................................26

Synopsis.......................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Garmin Binary Format Review ....................................................................................................................................... 26

Ephemeris Download Procedure..................................................................................................................................... 27

TX Packet: Ephemeris Data Request ...................................................................................................................... 27

RX Packet: Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................... 27

RX Packet: Number of Data Packets to Expect....................................................................................................... 27

TX Packet: Acknowledgement................................................................................................................................ 27

RX Packet: Ephemeris Data.................................................................................................................................... 28

TX Packet: Download Complete............................................................................................................................. 30

Appendix D: Sensor Configuration Software ...........................................................................31

Downloading the Sensor Configuration Software........................................................................................................... 31

Selecting a Model ........................................................................................................................................................... 31

Connecting to the Sensor ................................................................................................................................................ 31

Menus 32

File Menu........................................................................................................................................................................ 32

Comm Menu ................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Config Menu................................................................................................................................................................... 32

View Menu ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Help Menu ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1: GPS 16x Wire Pinout ......................................................................................................................................7

Figure 1: Computer Serial Port Interconnection ............................................................................................................8

Figure 2: PDA Serial Port Interconnection....................................................................................................................8

Figure 3: Basic NMEA Device Interconnection............................................................................................................8

Figure 4: GPS 16x Flush Mount Dimensions................................................................................................................9

Figure 5: Optional GPS 16x Magnetic Mount.............................................................................................................10

Table 2: NMEA 0183 Output Sentence Order and Size ..............................................................................................15

Table 3: Characters per Second for Available Baud Rates..........................................................................................15

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

Page 1

1.1 CAUTION

INTRODUCTION

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and

maintenance. Although the GPS 16x is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be

misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use these products at your own risk. To reduce the risk,

carefully review and understand all aspects of these Technical Specifications before using the GPS 16x. When in

actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS to all available navigation sources including the information

from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing

navigation.

FCC

Compliance

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this

device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including

interference that may cause undesired operation.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15

of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a

residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and may cause

harmful interference to radio communications if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions. However,

there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful

interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user

is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:

•Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

•Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.

•Connect the equipment into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the GPS unit.

•Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

This product does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized Garmin

service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could result in permanent damage to the equipment, and void

your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

Page 2

1.2 LIMITED WARRANTY

This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for one year from the date of

purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal

use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor, provided that the

customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not apply to: (i) cosmetic damage, such

as scratches, nicks and dents; (ii) consumable parts, such as batteries, unless product damage has occurred due to a

defect in materials or workmanship; (iii) damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse, water, flood, fire, or other acts

of nature or external causes; (iv) damage caused by service performed by anyone who is not an authorized service

provider of Garmin; or (v) damage to a product that has been modified or altered without the written permission of

Garmin. In addition, Garmin reserves the right to refuse warranty claims against products or services that are

obtained and/or used in contravention of the laws of any country.

This product is intended to be used only as a travel aid and must not be used for any purpose requiring precise

measurement of direction, distance, location or topography. Garmin makes no warranty as to the accuracy or

completeness of map data in this product.

THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL

OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING

UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,

STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY

VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR ANY TRAFFIC

FINES OR CITATIONS, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THE

PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION

OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY

TO YOU.

Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace (with a new or newly-overhauled replacement product) the

device or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE

YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.

To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin authorized dealer or call Garmin Product Support for

shipping instructions and an RMA tracking number. Securely pack the device and a copy of the original sales

receipt, which is required as the proof of purchase for warranty repairs. Write the tracking number clearly on the

outside of the package. Send the device, freight charges prepaid, to any Garmin warranty service station.

Online Auction Purchases: Products purchased through online auctions are not eligible for warranty coverage.

Online auction confirmations are not accepted for warranty verification. To obtain warranty service, an original or

copy of the sales receipt from the original retailer is required. Garmin will not replace missing components from any

package purchased through an online auction.

International Purchases: A separate warranty may be provided by international distributors for devices purchased

outside the United States depending on the country. If applicable, this warranty is provided by the local in-country

distributor and this distributor provides local service for your device. Distributor warranties are only valid in the area

of intended distribution. Devices purchased in the United States or Canada must be returned to the Garmin service

center in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, or Taiwan for service.

Garmin’s Marine Warranty Policy: Certain Garmin Marine products in certain areas have a longer warranty

period and additional terms and conditions. Go to www.garmin.com/support/warranty.html for more details and to

see if your product is covered under Garmin’s Marine Warranty Policy.

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

Page 3

1.3 OVERVIEW

The GPS 16x series products are complete GPS sensors including embedded receiver and antenna, designed for a

broad spectrum of Original Equipment Manufacture (OEM) system applications. Based on the proven technology

found in other Garmin GPS receivers, the GPS 16x tracks multiple satellites at a time while providing fast time-to-

first-fix, one-second navigation updates, and low power consumption. This generation of GPS sensors includes the

capability of FAA Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) differential GPS.

The GPS 16x design uses the latest technology and high-level circuit integration to achieve superior performance

while minimizing space and power requirements. All critical components of the system including the RF/IF receiver

hardware and the digital baseband are manufactured by Garmin to ensure the quality and capability of the GPS. The

hardware capability combined with software intelligence makes the GPS 16x easy to integrate and use.

The GPS 16x series products are designed to withstand rugged operating conditions and are waterproof to IEC

60529 IPX7, immersion in 1 meter of water for 30 minutes. These complete GPS receivers require minimal

additional components to be supplied by an OEM or system integrator. A minimum system must provide the GPS

with a source of power and a clear view of the GPS satellites. The system may communicate with the GPS via an

asynchronous serial communications port. Internal FLASH memory allows the GPS to retain critical data such as

satellite orbital parameters, last-known position, date, and time. End user interfaces such as keyboards and displays

are the responsibility of the application designer.

1.4 FEATURES

•GPS receiver tracks and uses multiple satellites for fast, accurate positioning and velocity estimates.

•Differential DGPS capability using real-time WAAS or RTCM corrections yielding 3- to 5-meter position

accuracy (see section 1.5 Technical Specifications).

•Compact, rugged design ideal for applications with minimal space.

•May be remotely mounted in an out-of-the-way location.

•Factory configuration meets the needs of most systems that expect NMEA 0183 data from a GPS receiver.

Configuration commands are available to customize the NMEA 0183 output (see section 4.1 Received

NMEA 0183 Sentences).

•Highly accurate one-pulse-per-second (PPS) output for precise timing measurements. Pulse width is

configurable in 20-millisecond increments from 20 ms to 980 ms with 1 µs accuracy.

•Configurable for binary format data output on COM1 port.

•Flexible input voltage levels of 3.3 Vdc to 6.0 Vdc with over-voltage protection in the GPS 16xLVS, and

8.0 Vdc to 40 Vdc in the GPS 16xHVS.

•FLASH-based program with new software revisions available through Web site download.

•Non-volatile memory does not require battery backup.

•Waterproof design allows continuous exposure to the prevailing weather conditions at most locations.

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

Page 4

1.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

1.5.1 Physical Characteristics

1.5.1.1 Size

3.58” (91.0 mm) diameter, 1.65” (42 mm) high

1.5.1.2 Weight

•GPS 16xLVS only: 6.0 oz (169 g)

•GPS 16xHVS only: 6.1 oz (174 g)

•GPS 16xLVS with 5-meter cable: 11.3 oz (320 g)

•GPS 16xHVS with 5-meter cable: 11.5 oz (325 g)

•GPS 16xLVS & 16xHVS cable alone: 5.3 oz (151 g)

1.5.1.3 Cable

GPS 16xLVS & 16xHVS: Black PVC-jacketed, 5-meter, foil-shielded, 8-conductor 28 AWG with RJ-45

termination

1.5.1.4 Color

GPS 16xLVS & 16xHVS: Black with white logos

1.5.1.5 Case Material

Polycarbonate thermoplastic that is waterproof to IEC 60529 IPX7 level (immersion in 1 meter of water for 30

minutes).

1.5.2 Electrical Characteristics

1.5.2.1 Input Voltage

•GPS 16xLVS: 3.3 Vdc to 6.0 Vdc regulated, <100 mV ripple

•GPS 16xHVS & 17HVS: 8.0 Vdc to 40 Vdc unregulated

1.5.2.2 Input Current

•GPS 16xHVS: 100 mA @ 8 Vdc

65 mA @ 12 Vdc

28 mA @ 40 Vdc

•GPS 16xLVS: 90 mA typical

1.5.2.3 Standby Current

<10 µA for all GPS 16x models

1.5.2.4 GPS Receiver Sensitivity

-185 dBW minimum

1.5.3 Environmental Characteristics

•Operating Temperature: -30°C to +80°C (-22°F to +176°F)

•Storage Temperature: -40°C to +80°C (-40°F to +176°F)

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

Page 5

1.5.4 GPS Performance

1.5.4.1 Receiver

WAAS Enabled®GPS receiver continuously tracks and uses multiple satellites to compute and update your position.

1.5.4.2 Acquisition Times

•Reacquisition: Less than 2 seconds

•Hot: Approx. 1 second (all data known)

•Warm: Approx. 38 seconds (initial position, time, and almanac known; ephemeris unknown)

•Cold: Approx. 45 seconds

1.5.4.3 Sentence Rate

1 second default; NMEA 0183 output interval configurable from 1 to 900 seconds in 1-second increments

1.5.4.4 Accuracy

•GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS)

Position: <15 meters, 95% typical (100 meters with Selective Availability on)

Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

•DGPS (USCG/RTCM)

Position: 3–5 meters, 95% typical

Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

•DGPS (WAAS)

Position: <3 meters, 95% typical

Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

•PPS Time: ±1 microsecond at rising edge of PPS pulse (subject to Selective Availability)

•Dynamics: 999 knots velocity (only limited at altitude greater than 60,000 feet), 3g dynamics

1.5.5 Interfaces

•True RS-232 output, asynchronous serial input compatible with RS-232 or TTL voltage levels, RS-232

polarity.

•User selectable baud rate: 4800, 9600, 19200, or 38400.

1.5.5.1 Port 1

•Configurable between NMEA 0183 Versions 2.00 (factory default) and 3.00

•ASCII output sentences GPALM, GPGGA, GPGLL, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMC, GPVTG (NMEA-

approved sentences); PGRMB, PGRME, PGRMF, PGRMID, PGRMM, PGRMT, and PGRMV (Garmin

proprietary sentences)

•NMEA 0183 Outputs section 4.2 Transmitted NMEA 0183 Sentences(see for full protocol specifications)

oPosition, velocity, and time

oReceiver and satellite status

oDifferential Reference Station ID and RTCM Data age

oGeometry and error estimates

•NMEA 0183 Inputs section 4.1 Received NMEA 0183 Sentences(see for full protocol specifications)

oInitial position, date, and time (not required)

oEarth datum and differential mode configuration command, PPS Enable, GPS satellite almanac

•Configurable for binary data output

1.5.5.2 Port 2

Real-time Differential Correction input (RTCM SC-104 message types 1, 2, 3, 7, and 9)

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. C

Page 6

1.5.5.3 PPS

1 Hz pulse, programmable width, 1 µs accuracy

1.5.5.4 Power Control

•Off: Open circuit

•On: Ground, or pull to low logic level <0.3 volts

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