Gammex Optimizer Manual de usuario
Optimizer
1425A
Ultrasound Image Analyzer
for Doppler and Grey Scale
Scanner
User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................3
Caring for your 1425A........................................................................................4
Scanning your 1425A.........................................................................................5
A Guided Tour of your 1425A............................................................................6
Evaluating the B-Mode System......................................................................7
Target Specifications........................................................................................10
Low Scatter (Anechoic) Cysts......................................................................10
Pin Targets..........................................................................................10
Resolution Target Groups...........................................................................10
Phantom Specifications..................................................................................11
Physical Specifications..............................................................................11
Tissue Mimicking Background Material.......................................................11
Low Scatter (Anechoic) Cysts..................................................................11
Harmonic Imaging..........................................................................................12
Grey Scale Applications.................................................................................13
Charts and Graphs......................................................................................13
Doppler Guided Tour......................................................................................14
Evaluating the Doppler System....................................................................15
Doppler Quality Control Tests.......................................................................17
Doppler Signal Sensitivity..........................................................................17
Color Flow Sensitivity............................................................................17
Flow Sensitivity at Depth..........................................................................18
Color Flow B-Mode Image Congruency...................................................18
Directional Discrimination.........................................................................18
Accuracy of Flow Velocity Readout............................................................19
Accuracy of Sample Gate Positioning.........................................................21
Doppler Mode Phantom Specifications.......................................................22
Electrical Ratings....................................................................................22
Environmental Conditions.......................................................................22
Tissue Mimicking Blood Material.................................................................22
Vessel...................................................................................................22
Flow Meter................................................................................................22
References.........................................................................................................23
Product Warranty..............................................................................................24
Sales and Service.............................................................................................25
3
Introduction
The Optimizer 1425A is a self-contained system designed to provide variable flow rates,
vessel orientation and test objects for both Doppler and B-mode ultrasound systems. It con-
sists of a flow system and test instrument with an electronic flow controller. Collectively they
provide a testing source to determine maximum signal penetration, channel isolation or direc-
tional discrimination, and flow rate readout accuracy for various angles and beam directions.
This phantom has pin targets for tests of depth of penetration, axial and lateral resolution and
electronic caliper accuracy, in addition to the attenuation and scattering characteristics of
human soft tissue. Anechoic cystic targets of 2, 4 and 6 mm are embedded at three depths
for image quality analysis. The 5 mm tube used for Doppler tests meets the FDA Doppler
sensitivity recommendations. One vessel simulates a carotid artery while the other is used for
measuring Doppler sensitivity and developing scanner techniques.
Limitations of Use
The 1425A phantom is designed to be used to aid in the Quality Control testing and monitor-
ing of ultrasound instruments only. The 1425A is not to be used to make diagnostic decisions.
4
Caring for your 1425A
Phantom comes ready to scan. Do not remove surface material.
Store your 1425A with cover closed securely.
Always attach the scanning surface cover and store the phantom out of direct sunlight when it is
not in use.
Store your 1425A at 35º–105ºF (2º–40ºC).
Freezing temperatures will damage the phantom and high temperatures will accelerate desicca-
tion.
Weigh your 1425A to monitor desiccation.
Weigh the phantom when you first receive it and then every 6 months after that. Record the
values on the data sheet.
Do not drop or damage the phantom.
Return the phantom for inspection and/or repair if it has been dropped or damaged. Physical
damage to the case will cause premature desiccation.
If your 1425A is not regularly in use, step the 1425A through the constant and pulsatile flow
settings for a period of 1-2 hours on a monthly basis. This will keep the scatterers in the blood
mimicking fluid in suspension.
Caution: As with any electronic device, large temperature variation can cause moisture and
condensation problems which can result in errant readings. Therefore, before operating the
1425A, please allow the unit to reach room temperature of 20-25ºC for at least four hours.
Please keep the top of the 1425A dry to avoid equipment damage.
Gammex recommends annual servicing of your 1425A to ensure proper operation. Our qualified
service technicians will check for desiccation and provide any needed rejuvenation, scanning/
certification to original specifications, and repairs.
5
Scanning your 1425A
• Always place the phantom on a stable, level surface for scanning.
•The phantom comes ready to scan. Do not peel off the surface material.
• Use water or a generous amount of coupling gel to ensure good transmission. Do not
use mineral oil, baby oil or lanolin-based gels as a coupling medium. Poor transmission
is a result of insufficient coupling.
•Do not press the transducer into the scanning surface. This damages the scanning
surface and will shorten the life of the phantom. For curved transducers, use water, or a
thick gel layer.
• Clean the scanning surface immediately after use. Use a soft cloth or paper towel and
soap and water, if needed.
Caution:
Do not press the transducer
into the scanning surface.
6
A Guided Tour of your 1425A
The Optimizer 1425A is an instrument for measuring both Doppler and B-mode ultrasound
systems. The 1425A consists of a flow system, tissue mimicking phantom and electronic flow
controller. The tissue mimicking gel, vessels, and blood mimicking fluid are ultrasonically
similar to human tissue. This allows the use of normal scanner control settings and ensures
that the performance measured with the phantom closely approximates the scanner’s perfor-
mance in a clinical examination.
Scanning is the best way to familiarize yourself with the features and functions of the Gammex
1425A. A guided tour of the phantom is provided on the following pages.
7
Evaluating the B-Mode System
Remember
A 4.5 MHz probe will provide a good overall view of the phantom for this demonstration.
1. To couple with water, fill the dam with distilled water. For a better image quality, use gel.
2. Rest the transducer on the scanning surface. Adjust the scanner to display the full depth of
the phantom.
You may notice that the tissue echoes near the bottom of the phantom fade into noise. The
depth at which usable echoes disappear is called the depth of penetration. The depth
markers on the phantom label will help you determine the depths of the targets.
3. Move the transducer across the scanning surface while observing the locations of the
targets.
Notice how the smooth texture of the tissue mimicking gel emphasizes image non-uniformi-
ties and artifacts, making them easier to detect.
Decrease gain controls to highlight pin targets.
4. Scan the vertical pin targets and freeze the image. Use the electronic calipers to measure
the distance between two of the vertical pin targets. Repeat for two of the horizontal pin
targets. The vertical pins have 20 mm spacing while the horizontal pins have 30 mm spacing.
Use the pin targets to determine vertical distance accuracy and horizontal distance accuracy.
Note that the highest dead zone pin you can see should be the point of reference not the
scanning surface.
•The phantom comes ready to scan. Do not peel off the surface
material.
•Never press the transducer into the scanning surface.
• Always clean and dry the scanning surface after each use. Never leave
coupling gel or water on the scanning surface for more than a few
hours.
•Do not use mineral oil, baby oil, or lanolin-based gels as a coupling
medium.
8
5. Freeze an image of the vertical pin targets. Use the electronic calipers to measure the hori-
zontal width of the pin targets in the near, mid and far fields of the image.
Notice how the pin targets are narrowest in the focal zone. The pin width demonstrates the
width of the ultrasound beam at that depth and approximates the lateral resolution of the
scanner.
Measure pin width
to getlateral
resolution.
Pin targets are
narrowestin the
focalzone.
6. Decrease the image depth and examine the resolution target group at 1 cm. Notice how
the images of the lower pin targets may begin to merge. The smallest distance between
two pins that can be clearly resolved with no vertical overlap is called the scanner’s axial
resolution.
9
Pin targets are resolved axially if an imaginary horizontal line can be drawn between the
targets without touching either target. The targets on the left are not resolved. The targets
on the right are resolved.
Examine the other resolution target groups and compare the resolution at various depths.
Axial resolution may change with depth.
7. Scan the nearest cystic target group. Each target should be round with a clean black
appearance and well defined edges. Bright specular echoes at the top and bottom of the
targets are normal.
Unresolved Reso lved
Measure the dimensions of the 4 mm cystic target to check the image geometry. Use the
calipers to measure from top to bottom and side to side. Repeat with the other cystic target
groups as part of the cyst imaging test.
8. Decrease image depth to the minimum and examine the dead zone target group. The
dead zone targets can be used to measure lateral resolution in the extreme near field of
the transducer.
Note: The highest dead zone pin you can see should be the point of reference for
all measurements – not the scanning surface.
10
9. Scan the four grey scale targets and observe the difference in their grey levels. Adjust the
gain control and observe how this affects the brightness of the targets. Notice how noise
in the anechoic target becomes apparent as the gain increases. If your system has image
“post-processing” capabilities, observe how the contrast between targets changes with
different settings.
Adjust the gain control to the lowest noise level. This is the point at which you eliminate
noise in the anechoic cyst (lower the gain until it just disappears). Record this gain setting
and use it for future grey scale measurements. Freeze the image and visually evaluate
the grey scale targets. Match each target with a step on the grey bar in the image. Make a
hard copy and compare the hard copy with the image on the scanner.
10. When you are done scanning the phantom, empty the water dam or completely clean off
the coupling gel with a soft cloth or paper towel.
Target Specifications
Low Scatter (Anechoic) Cysts
Diameters......................................................................................................................2, 4 and 6 mm
Placement.......................................................................................................... 4, 9 and 14 cm deep
Pin Targets
Diameter................................................................................................................................0.1 mm
Vertical spacing...........................................................................................20 mm at 3-17 cm deep
Horizontal spacing................................................................................30 mm at 3 and 13 cm deep
Resolution Target Groups
...............................................................................................................4, 9 and 14 cm deep
All acoustic measurements made at 4.5 MHz, 22ºC.
Due to our philosophy of continuous quality improvement,
all specifications are subject to change.
Este manual sirve para los siguientes modelos
1
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