Espressif Systems ESP32 Series Manual de instrucciones

ESP32

Hardware Design Guidelines

Version 2.7

Espressif Systems

www.espressif.com

About This Document

The guidelines outline recommended design practices when developing standalone or add-on systems based on

the ESP32 series of products, including ESP32 SoCs, ESP32 modules and ESP32 development boards.

Revision History

For the revision history of this document, please refer to the last page.

Documentation Change Notification

Espressif provides email notifications to keep customers updated on changes to technical documentation. Please

subscribe at www.espressif.com/en/subscribe.

Certification

Download certificates for Espressif products from www.espressif.com/en/certificates.

Disclaimer and Copyright Notice

Information in this document, including URL references, is subject to change without notice. THIS DOCUMENT IS

PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABIL-

ITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE

ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE.

All liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of information in this docu-

ment is disclaimed. No licenses express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights

are granted herein. The Wi-Fi Alliance Member logo is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. The Bluetooth logo is a

registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG.

All trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned in this document are property of their respective

owners, and are hereby acknowledged.

Contents

1 Overview 1

2 Schematic Checklist and PCB Layout Design 2

2.1 Schematic Checklist 2

2.1.1 Power Supply 3

2.1.1.1 Digital Power Supply 3

2.1.1.2 Analog Power Supply 4

2.1.2 Power-on Sequence and System Reset 4

2.1.2.1 Power-on Sequence 4

2.1.2.2 Reset 4

2.1.3 Flash 5

2.1.4 Crystal Oscillator 5

2.1.4.1 External Clock Source (Compulsory) 5

2.1.4.2 RTC (Optional) 6

2.1.5 RF 7

2.1.6 ADC 7

2.1.7 External Capacitor 8

2.1.8 UART 8

2.2 PCB Layout Design 8

2.2.1 Standalone ESP32 Module 9

2.2.1.1 General Principles of PCB Layout 9

2.2.1.2 Positioning a ESP32 Module on a Base Board 10

2.2.1.3 Power Supply 11

2.2.1.4 Crystal Oscillator 12

2.2.1.5 RF 13

2.2.1.6 External RC 14

2.2.1.7 UART 14

2.2.1.8 Touch Sensor 15

2.2.2 ESP32 as a Slave Device 16

2.2.3 Typical Layout Problems and Solutions 17

2.2.3.1 Q: The current ripple is not large, but the TX performance of RF is rather poor. 17

2.2.3.2 Q: The power ripple is small, but RF TX performance is poor. 18

2.2.3.3 Q: When ESP32 sends data packages, the power value is much higher or lower than the

target power value, and the EVM is relatively poor. 18

2.2.3.4 Q: TX performance is not bad, but the RX sensitivity is low. 18

3 Hardware Development 19

4 Applications 20

4.1 ESP32 Smart Audio Platform 20

4.1.1 ESP32-LyraT Audio Development Board 20

4.1.2 ESP32-LyraTD-MSC Audio Development Board 21

4.2 ESP32 Touch Sensor Application—ESP32-Sense Kit 22

4.3 ESP-Mesh Application—ESP32-MeshKit 23

Revision History 24

List of Figures

1 ESP32 Schematics (ESP32-D0WD used as an example for all illustrations in this section) 2

2 ESP32 Digital Power Supply Pins 3

3 ESP32 Analog Power Supply Pins 4

4 ESP32 Flash 5

5 ESP32 Crystal Oscillator 6

6 Schematic for ESP32’s External Crystal (RTC) 6

7 Schematic of External Oscillator 7

8 ESP32 RF Matching Schematics 7

9 ESP32 External Capacitor 8

10 ESP32 UART 8

11 ESP32 PCB Layout 9

12 ESP32 Module Antenna Position on Base Board 10

13 Keepout Zone for ESP32 Module’s Antenna on the Base Board 11

14 ESP32 Power Traces in a Four-layer PCB Design 11

15 ESP32 Power Traces in a Two-layer PCB Design 12

16 ESP32 Crystal Oscillator Layout 13

17 ESP32 RF Layout in a Four-layer PCB Design 14

18 ESP32 RF Layout in a Two-layer PCB Design 14

19 ESP32 UART Design 15

20 A Typical Touch Sensor Application 15

21 Electrode Pattern Requirements 16

22 Sensor Track Routing Requirements 16

23 PAD/TV Box Layout 17

24 Top View of ESP32-LyraT 20

25 Bottom View of ESP32-LyraT 21

26 ESP32-LyraTD-MSC 22

27 ESP32-Sense Kit 22

28 ESP32-MeshKit-Light � 23

29 ESP32-MeshKit-Sense Development Board 23

1. Overview

ESP32 is a single 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth combo chip designed with TSMC ultra-low-power 40 nm technol-

ogy. It is designed to achieve the best power and RF performance, robustness, versatility, and reliability in a wide

variety of applications and different power profiles.

ESP32 is a highly-integrated solution for Wi-Fi + Bluetooth applications in the IoT industry with around 20 external

components. ESP32 integrates the antenna switch, RF balun, power amplifier, low noise receive amplifier, filters,

and power management modules. As such, the entire solution occupies minimal Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

area.

ESP32 uses CMOS for single-chip fully-integrated radio and baseband, and also integrates advanced calibration

circuitries that allow the solution to dynamically adjust itself to remove external circuit imperfections or adjust to

changes in external conditions. As such, the mass production of ESP32 solutions does not require expensive and

specialized Wi-Fi test equipment.

The ESP32 series of chips include ESP32-D0WDQ6, ESP32-D0WD, ESP32-D2WD and ESP32-S0WD. For details

of part number and ordering information, please refer to ESP32 Datasheet.

Espressif Systems 1 ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines V2.7

2. Schematic Checklist and PCB Layout Design

ESP32’s integrated circuitry requires only 20 resistors, capacitors and inductors, one crystal and one SPI flash

memory chip. ESP32 integrates the complete transmit/receive RF functionality including the antenna switches, RF

balun, power amplifier, low noise receive amplifier, filters, power management module, and advanced calibration

circuitries.

ESP32’s high integration allows for simple peripheral circuit design. This document details ESP32 schematics and

PCB layout design.

While the high level of integration makes the PCB design and layout process simple, the performance of the system

strongly depends on system design aspects. To achieve the best overall system performance, please follow the

guidelines specified in this document for circuit design and PCB layout. All the common rules associated with

good PCB design still apply and this document is not an exhaustive list of good design practices.

2.1 Schematic Checklist

ESP32 schematics is as shown in Figure 1.

D D

C C

B B

A A

The capacitance of C1 and C2 varies

with the selection of the crystal.

SENSOR_VP

SENSOR_VN

GPIO32

GPIO33

CHIP_PU

GPIO35

SCK/CLK

SCS/CMD

SENSOR_VP

SHD/SD2 SWP/SD3

SDI/SD1

SDO/SD0

SENSOR_VN

GPIO34

GPIO26

GPIO27

GPIO14

GPIO12

GPIO2

GPIO15

GPIO0

GPIO18

GPIO2

U0TXD

U0RXD

GPIO22

GPIO21

GPIO4

GPIO19

SHD/SD2

SWP/SD3

SCS/CMD

SCK/CLK

SDO/SD0

SDI/SD1

GPIO23

CHIP_PU

GPIO34

GPIO35

GPIO25

GPIO26

GPIO27

GPIO14

GPIO12

GPIO13

GPIO0

GPIO15

GPIO4

GPIO16

GPIO5

GPIO17

GPIO32

GPIO33

GPIO21

U0TXD

U0RXD

GPIO25

GPIO13

GPIO16

SDI/SD1

SDO/SD0

SCK/CLK

SCS/CMD

SWP/SD3

SHD/SD2

GPIO5

GPIO18

GPIO23

GPIO17

GPIO19

GPIO22

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD_SDIO GND

VDD_SDIO

GND

GNDGND

GND

VDD33

GND

GNDGND

GND

GND GND

VDD33

GND

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R1 20K(5%)

C13

10uF

U3 FLASH

/CS

DO 2

/WP 3

GND

DI 5

CLK

/HOLD

VCC 8

J30

CON1

J23

CON1

10nF/6.3V(10%)

C14

TBD

J26

CON1

J31

CON1

3.3nF/6.3V(10%)

ESD3.3V88D-LCDN

0.1uF

CON1

R3 499R

C11

1uF J22

CON1

J14

CON1

J35

CON1

C15

TBD

J36

CON1

J12

CON1

ANT1

PCB ANT

C16

270pF(NC)

CON1

J25

CON1

J21

CON1

J33

CON1

J17

CON1

J32

CON1

C17

270pF(NC)

J10

CON1

J15

CON1

J24

CON1

J37

CON1

J27

CON1

U2 ESP32-D0WD

VDDA

LNA_IN

VDD3P3

SENSOR_VP

SENSOR_CAPP

SENSOR_CAPN

SENSOR_VN

CHIP_PU

VDET_1

VDET_2

32K_XP

32K_XN

GPIO25

GPIO26

GPIO27

MTMS

MTDI

VDD3P3_RTC

MTCK

MTDO

GPIO2

GPIO0

GPIO4

VDD_SDIO 26

GPIO16 25

GPIO17 27

SD_DATA_2 28

SD_DATA_3 29

SD_CMD 30

SD_CLK 31

SD_DATA_0 32

GND 49

SD_DATA_1 33

GPIO5 34

GPIO18 35

GPIO19 38

CAP2 47

VDDA 43

XTAL_N 44

XTAL_P 45

GPIO23 36

U0TXD 41

GPIO22 39

GPIO21 42

VDD3P3_CPU 37

CAP1 48

VDDA 46

U0RXD 40

C20

1uF

L4 TBD

TBD

C18

1uF

J20

CON1

J16

CON1

C12

40MHz+/-10ppm

XIN

GND

2XOUT 3

GND 4

C21

J29

CON1

J13

CON1

TBD

J19

CON1

0.1uF

C10

0.1uF

100pF

J34

CON1

C19

0.1uF

J11

CON1

J38

CON1

J28

CON1

J18

CON1

Figure 1: ESP32 Schematics (ESP32-D0WD used as an example for all illustrations in this section)

Any basic ESP32 circuit design may be broken down into eight major sections:

• Power supply

• Power-on sequence and system reset

• Flash

• Crystal oscillator

Espressif Systems 2 ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines V2.7

2. Schematic Checklist and PCB Layout Design

• RF

• ADC

• External capacitors

• UART

2.1.1 Power Supply

For further details of using the power supply pins, please refer to Section 2.3 Power Scheme in ESP32 Datasheet.

2.1.1.1 Digital Power Supply

Pin19 and pin37 are the power supply pins for RTC and CPU, respectively. The digital power supply operates in

a voltage range of 1.8 V ~3.6 V. We recommend adding extra filter capacitors of 0.1 µF close to the digital power

supply pins.

VDD_SDIO works as the power supply for the related IO, and also for an external device.

• When VDD_SDIO operates at 1.8 V, it can be generated from ESP32’s internal LDO. The maximum current

this LDO can offer is 40 mA, and the output voltage range is 1.65 V ~2.0 V. When the VDD_SDIO outputs

1.8 V, the value of GPIO12 should be set to 1 when the chip boots and it is recommended that users add a

2 kΩground resistor and a 4.7 µF filter capacitor close to VDD_SDIO.

• When VDD_SDIO operates at 3.3 V, it is driven directly by VDD3P3_RTC through a 6 Ωresistor, therefore,

there will be some voltage drop from VDD3P3_RTC. When the VDD_SDIO outputs 3.3 V, the value of GPIO12

is 0 (default) when the chip boots and it is recommended that users add a 1 µF capacitor close to VDD_SDIO.

VDD_SDIO can also be driven by an external power supply.

When using VDD_SDIO as the power supply pin for the external 3.3 V flash/PSRAM, the supply voltage should be

2.7 V or above, so as to meet the requirements of flash/PSRAM’s working voltage.

D D

C C

B B

A A

The capacitance of C1 and C2 varies

with the selection of the crystal.

SENSOR_VP

SENSOR_VN

GPIO32

GPIO33

CHIP_PU

GPIO35

SCK/CLK

SCS/CMD

SENSOR_VP

SHD/SD2 SWP/SD3

SDI/SD1

SDO/SD0

SENSOR_VN

GPIO34

GPIO26

GPIO27

GPIO14

GPIO12

GPIO2

GPIO15

GPIO0

GPIO18

GPIO2

U0TXD

U0RXD

GPIO22

GPIO21

GPIO4

GPIO19

SHD/SD2

SWP/SD3

SCS/CMD

SCK/CLK

SDO/SD0

SDI/SD1

GPIO23

CHIP_PU

GPIO34

GPIO35

GPIO25

GPIO26

GPIO27

GPIO14

GPIO12

GPIO13

GPIO0

GPIO15

GPIO4

GPIO16

GPIO5

GPIO17

GPIO32

GPIO33

GPIO21

U0TXD

U0RXD

GPIO25

GPIO13

GPIO16

SDI/SD1

SDO/SD0

SCK/CLK

SCS/CMD

SWP/SD3

SHD/SD2

GPIO5

GPIO18

GPIO23

GPIO17

GPIO19

GPIO22

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD_SDIO GND

VDD_SDIO

GND

GNDGND

GND

VDD33

GND

GNDGND

GND

GND GND

VDD33

GND

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L5 2.0nH

R1 20K(5%)

C13

10uF

U3 FLASH

/CS

DO 2

/WP 3

GND

DI 5

CLK

/HOLD

VCC 8

J30

CON1

J23

CON1

10nF/6.3V(10%)

C14

TBD

J26

CON1

J31

CON1

3.3nF/6.3V(10%)

ESD3.3V88D-LCDN

0.1uF

CON1

R3 499R

C11

1uF J22

CON1

J14

CON1

J35

CON1

C15

TBD

J36

CON1

J12

CON1

ANT1

PCB ANT

C16

270pF(NC)

CON1

J25

CON1

J21

CON1

J33

CON1

J17

CON1

J32

CON1

C17

270pF(NC)

J10

CON1

J15

CON1

J24

CON1

J37

CON1

J27

CON1

U2 ESP32-D0WD

VDDA

LNA_IN

VDD3P3

SENSOR_VP

SENSOR_CAPP

SENSOR_CAPN

SENSOR_VN

CHIP_PU

VDET_1

VDET_2

32K_XP

32K_XN

GPIO25

GPIO26

GPIO27

MTMS

MTDI

VDD3P3_RTC

MTCK

MTDO

GPIO2

GPIO0

GPIO4

VDD_SDIO 26

GPIO16 25

GPIO17 27

SD_DATA_2 28

SD_DATA_3 29

SD_CMD 30

SD_CLK 31

SD_DATA_0 32

GND 49

SD_DATA_1 33

GPIO5 34

GPIO18 35

GPIO19 38

CAP2 47

VDDA 43

XTAL_N 44

XTAL_P 45

GPIO23 36

U0TXD 41

GPIO22 39

GPIO21 42

VDD3P3_CPU 37

CAP1 48

VDDA 46

U0RXD 40

C20

1uF

L4 TBD

TBD

C18

1uF

J20

CON1

J16

CON1

C12

40MHz+/-10ppm

XIN

GND

2XOUT 3

GND 4

C21

J29

CON1

J13

CON1

TBD

J19

CON1

0.1uF

C10

0.1uF

100pF

J34

CON1

C19

0.1uF

J11

CON1

J38

CON1

J28

CON1

J18

CON1

Figure 2: ESP32 Digital Power Supply Pins

Espressif Systems 3 ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines V2.7

2. Schematic Checklist and PCB Layout Design

2.1.1.2 Analog Power Supply

Pin1, pin3, pin4, pin43 and pin46 are the analog power supply pins. It should be noted that the sudden increase

in current draw, when ESP32 is in transmission mode, may cause a power rail collapse. Therefore, it is highly

recommended to add another 10 µF capacitor to the power trace, which can work in conjunction with the 0.1 µF

capacitor. LC filter circuit needs to be added near the power pin so as to suppress high-frequency harmonics.

The inductor’s rated current is preferably 500 mA and above.

D D

C C

B B

A A

The capacitance of C1 and C2 varies

with the selection of the crystal.

SENSOR_VP

SENSOR_VN

GPIO32

GPIO33

CHIP_PU

GPIO35

SCK/CLK

SCS/CMD

SENSOR_VP

SHD/SD2 SWP/SD3

SDI/SD1

SDO/SD0

SENSOR_VN

GPIO34

GPIO26

GPIO27

GPIO14

GPIO12

GPIO2

GPIO15

GPIO0

GPIO18

GPIO2

U0TXD

U0RXD

GPIO22

GPIO21

GPIO4

GPIO19

SHD/SD2

SWP/SD3

SCS/CMD

SCK/CLK

SDO/SD0

SDI/SD1

GPIO23

CHIP_PU

GPIO34

GPIO35

GPIO25

GPIO26

GPIO27

GPIO14

GPIO12

GPIO13

GPIO0

GPIO15

GPIO4

GPIO16

GPIO5

GPIO17

GPIO32

GPIO33

GPIO21

U0TXD

U0RXD

GPIO25

GPIO13

GPIO16

SDI/SD1

SDO/SD0

SCK/CLK

SCS/CMD

SWP/SD3

SHD/SD2

GPIO5

GPIO18

GPIO23

GPIO17

GPIO19

GPIO22

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD33

GND

VDD_SDIO GND

VDD_SDIO

GND

GNDGND

GND

VDD33

GND

GNDGND

GND

GND GND

VDD33

GND

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L5 2.0nH

R1 20K(5%)

C13

10uF

U3 FLASH

/CS

DO 2

/WP 3

GND

DI 5

CLK

/HOLD

VCC 8

J30

CON1

J23

CON1

10nF/6.3V(10%)

C14

TBD

J26

CON1

J31

CON1

3.3nF/6.3V(10%)

ESD3.3V88D-LCDN

0.1uF

CON1

R3 499R

C11

1uF J22

CON1

J14

CON1

J35

CON1

C15

TBD

J36

CON1

J12

CON1

ANT1

PCB ANT

C16

270pF(NC)

CON1

J25

CON1

J21

CON1

J33

CON1

J17

CON1

J32

CON1

C17

270pF(NC)

J10

CON1

J15

CON1

J24

CON1

J37

CON1

J27

CON1

U2 ESP32-D0WD

VDDA

LNA_IN

VDD3P3

SENSOR_VP

SENSOR_CAPP

SENSOR_CAPN

SENSOR_VN

CHIP_PU

VDET_1

VDET_2

32K_XP

32K_XN

GPIO25

GPIO26

GPIO27

MTMS

MTDI

VDD3P3_RTC

MTCK

MTDO

GPIO2

GPIO0

GPIO4

VDD_SDIO 26

GPIO16 25

GPIO17 27

SD_DATA_2 28

SD_DATA_3 29

SD_CMD 30

SD_CLK 31

SD_DATA_0 32

GND 49

SD_DATA_1 33

GPIO5 34

GPIO18 35

GPIO19 38

CAP2 47

VDDA 43

XTAL_N 44

XTAL_P 45

GPIO23 36

U0TXD 41

GPIO22 39

GPIO21 42

VDD3P3_CPU 37

CAP1 48

VDDA 46

U0RXD 40

C20

1uF

L4 TBD

TBD

C18

1uF

J20

CON1

J16

CON1

C12

40MHz+/-10ppm

XIN

GND

2XOUT 3

GND 4

C21

J29

CON1

J13

CON1

TBD

J19

CON1

0.1uF

C10

0.1uF

100pF

J34

CON1

C19

0.1uF

J11

CON1

J38

CON1

J28

CON1

J18

CON1

Figure 3: ESP32 Analog Power Supply Pins

Notice:

• The recommended voltage of the power supply for ESP32 is 3.3 V, and its recommended output current is 500 mA

or more.

• It is suggested that users add an ESD tube at the power entrance.

2.1.2 Power-on Sequence and System Reset

2.1.2.1 Power-on Sequence

ESP32 uses a 3.3 V system power supply. The chip should be activated after the power rails have stabilized. This

is achieved by delaying the activation of CHIP_PU (Pin9) after the 3.3 V rails have been brought up. More details

can be found in section Power Scheme in ESP32 Datasheet.

Notice:

If CHIP_PU is driven by a power management chip, then the power management chip controls the ESP32 power

state. When the power management chip turns on/off Wi-Fi through the high/low level on GPIO, a pulse current

may be generated. To avoid level instability on CHIP_PU, an RC delay circuit is required.

2.1.2.2 Reset

CHIP_PU serves as the reset pin of ESP32. The input level (VIL_nRST ) for resetting the chip should be low enough

and remain so for a period of time. More details can be found in section Power Scheme in ESP32 Datasheet.

Espressif Systems 4 ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines V2.7

2. Schematic Checklist and PCB Layout Design

To avoid reboots caused by external interferences, the CHIP_PU trace should be as short as possible and routed

away from the clock lines. A pull-up resistor and a ground capacitor are highly recommended.

Notice:

CHIP_PU pin must not be left floating.

2.1.3 Flash

ESP32 can support up to four 16 MB external QSPI flash and SRAM chips. The demo flash used currently is an

SPI flash with 4 MB ROM, in an SOP8 (208 mil) package. The VDD_SDIO acts as the power supply pin. Make

sure to select the appropriate flash according to the power voltage on VDD_SDIO.

SCK/CLK

SCS/CMD

SHD/SD2 SWP/SD3

SDI/SD1

SDO/SD0

GPIO16

SDI/SD1

SDO/SD0

SCK/CLK

SCS/CMD

SWP/SD3

SHD/SD2

GPIO5

GPIO18

GPIO23

GPIO17

GPIO19

GND

VDD_SDIO GND

VDD_SDIO

GND

VDD33

C18

1uF

ESP32-D0WD

VDD_SDIO 26

GPIO16 25

GPIO17 27

SD_DATA_2 28

SD_DATA_3 29

SD_CMD 30

SD_CLK 31

SD_DATA_0 32

SD_DATA_1 33

GPIO5 34

GPIO18 35

GPIO19 38

GPIO23 36

VDD3P3_CPU 37

0.1uF

U3 FLASH

/CS

DO 2

/WP 3

GND

DI 5

CLK

/HOLD

VCC 8

Figure 4: ESP32 Flash

2.1.4 Crystal Oscillator

There are two clock sources for the ESP32, that is, an external crystal oscillator clock source and an RTC clock

source.

2.1.4.1 External Clock Source (Compulsory)

Currently, the ESP32 Wi-Fi/BT firmware only supports 40 MHz crystal oscillator. In circuit design, capacitors C1 and

C2 which connect to the ground are added to the input and output terminals of the crystal oscillator respectively.

The specific capacitive values depend on further testing of, and adjustment to, the overall performance of the

whole circuit. It is recommended that users reserve a series resistor of 0 Ωon the XTAL_P clock trace to reduce

the drive strength of the crystal, as well as to minimize the impact of crystal harmonics on RF performance. Note

that the accuracy of the selected crystal is ±10 ppm.

Espressif Systems 5 ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines V2.7

Otros manuales para ESP32 Series

Este manual sirve para los siguientes modelos

Tabla de contenidos

Otros manuales de Microcontrolador de Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP32-C6 Series Manual de instrucciones

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP32 Series Manual de instrucciones

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP8266EX Instrucciones de funcionamiento

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP32-C3-DevKitC-02 Manual de usuario

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP8266 SDK Guía de configuración

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP32-C3FH4 Manual de instrucciones

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP32-H2 Series Manual de instrucciones

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP32 Series Manual de usuario

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