Elenco Electronics Snap Circuits Green Energy SCG225 Manual de usuario

photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher. Source Code: SCG-225V1 Rev B 753170

Project 38

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1. The battery (B4) will only work if it is charged. Project 3 shows

how to recharge it.

2. Most circuit problems are due to incorrect assembly, always

double-check that your circuit exactly matches the drawing

for it.

3. Be sure that parts with positive/negative markings are

positioned as per the drawing.

4. Be sure that all connections are securely snapped.

5. Sometimes the motor or solar cell is mounted on the pivot

stand so its angle to the sun or wind can be adjusted. The pivot

stand base, post, and top should be assembled together.

ELENCO®is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring.

Basic Troubleshooting

Note: If you suspect you have damaged parts, you can follow

the Advanced Troubleshooting procedure on page 9 to determine

which ones need replacing.

WARNING: Always check your

wiring before turning on a circuit.

Never leave a circuit unattended

while the batteries are installed.

Never connect additional batteries

or any other power sources to your

circuits. Discard any cracked or

broken parts.

Adult Supervision: Because

children’s abilities vary so much,

even with age groups, adults

should exercise discretion as to

which experiments are suitable

and safe (the instructions should

enable supervising adults to

establish the experiment’s

suitability for the child). Make sure

your child reads and follows all of

the relevant instructions and safety

procedures, and keeps them at

hand for reference.

This product is intended for use

by adults and children who have

attained sufcient maturity to

read and follow directions and

warnings.

Never modify your parts, as doing

so may disable important safety

features in them, and could put

your child at risk of injury.

Basic Troubleshooting 1

Parts List 2

How to Use It 3 - 4

About Your Snap Circuits®Green Parts 5 - 7

Introduction to Electricity 8

DO’s and DON’Ts of Building Circuits 9

Advanced Troubleshooting 10 - 11

Projects 1 - 38 12 - 30

Project Listings & Other

Snap Circuits®Products

Table of Contents For the best learning experience, do the projects in order.

Warning to Snap Circuits®Owners: Do not connect additional voltage sources from other sets, or you

may damage your parts. Also, do not connect the hand crank to parts from other sets or you may damage them. Contact ELENCO®if you

have questions or need guidance.

Conforms to all applicable government Requirements. The toy is

only to be connected to Class II equipment bearing the symbol WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the motor

or fan during operation. If you have long hair, be

careful that it does not get caught in the fan blade.

WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD - Small parts.

Not for children under 3 years.

WARNING: SHOCK HAZARD - Never connect

Snap Circuits®to electrical outlets in your home!

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Qty. ID Name Symbol Part # Qty. ID Name Symbol Part #

r1 Base Grid (11” x 7.7”)

Green Color 6SCBGGR r1 Black Jumper Wire 6SCJ1

r2 1-Snap Wire 6SC01 r1 Red Jumper Wire SCCJ2

r3 2-Snap Wire 6SC02 r1 Liquid Holder 6SCLH

r3 3-Snap Wire 6SC03 r1 Motor 6SCM4

r1 4-Snap Wire 6SC04 r1 Wind Fan 6SCM4B

r1 5-Snap Wire 6SC05 r1 Water Wheel 6SCM4C

r1 Rechargeable Battery 6SCB4 r1 Meter 6SCM6

r1 Solar Cell 6SCB7 r1 Mini Car 6SCMCAR

r1 470μF Capacitor 6SCC5 r1 Pivot Stand Base 6SCPSB

r1 Color LED 6SCD8 r1 Pivot Post 6SCPSP

r1 Red/Yellow LED 6SCD10 r1 Pivot Top 6SCPST

r3 Copper Electrode 6SCEC r2 Rubber Ring 0.375” 6SCRUBRG

r3 Zinc Electrode 6SCEZ r1 Press Switch 6SCS2

r1 Copper Electrode

with Snap 6SCECS r1 Switcher 6SCS6

r1 Zinc Electrode with

Snap 6SCEZS r1 Clock 6SCT2

r1 Gear 1.75” 6SCGEAR2 r1 Melody IC 6SCU32

r1 Geared Motor 6SCGM r3 Nut 8-32 644800

r1 Crank Arm 6SCGMC r3 Screw 8-32 Phillips 641840

Important: If any parts are missing or damaged, DO NOT RETURN TO RETAILER. Go to www.elenco.com/replacement-parts or email

us at [email protected]

U32

Parts List (colors and styles may vary) Symbols and Numbers

D10

How to Use It

Snap Circuits®uses building blocks with

snaps to build the different electrical and

electronic circuits in the projects. Each

block has a function: there are switch

blocks, light blocks, battery blocks,

different length wire blocks, etc. These

blocks are different colors and have

numbers on them so that you can easily

identify them. The circuit you will build is

shown in color and numbers, identifying

the blocks that you will use and snap

together to form a circuit.

For Example:

This is the switch block which is green

and has the marking on it. The part

symbols in this booklet may not exactly

match the appearance of the actual

parts, but will clearly identify them.

This is a wire block which is blue and

comes in different wire lengths.

This one has the number , , , or

on it depending on the length of the

wire connection required.

There is also a 1-snap wire that is

used as a spacer or for interconnection

between different layers.

A large clear plastic base grid is included

with this kit to help keep the circuit blocks

properly spaced. You will see evenly

spaced posts that the different blocks

snap into. The base has rows labeled

A-G and columns labeled 1-10.

Next to each part in every circuit drawing

is a small number in black. This tells you

which level the component is placed at.

Place all parts on level 1 rst, then all of

the parts on level 2, then all of the parts

on level 3, etc.

Some circuits use the jumper wires to

make unusual connections. Just clip

them to the metal snaps or as indicated.

Sometimes the crank arm will be

mounted on the geared motor (GM) to

produce a hand crank:

Sometimes parts will be mounted on a

pivot, so they can be adjusted for the

best angle to the wind or sun. Assemble

the pivot as shown here:

234

Note: While building the projects,

be careful not to accidentally make a

direct connection across the battery

holder (a “short circuit”), as this may

damage and/or quickly drain the

batteries.

The 3.6V rechargeable battery

(B4) may have discharged

during shipping and distribution.

Recharge it as shown in project 3.

Insert post into pivot top,

snapping into place.

Insert the other end of the

post into pivot base.

How to Use It

Whenever the motor (M4) is used, it will

have the wind fan or the water wheel

placed on top; simply push the fan onto

the shaft. To remove it, push up on it

with a screwdriver or your thumbs, being

careful not to break it.

Assembling the Liquid Power Source:

Connect the 3 electrode parts together

with screws and nuts as shown. Tighten

by hand, a screwdriver is not needed.

If the copper and zinc electrodes get

corroded through use, use sandpaper,

steel wool, or a scraper to remove the

corrosion and improve performance.

Setting the time on the clock (T2):

• Press the left button to select what

to change (month, date, hour, or

minutes).

• Press the right button until it is

correct.

• Press the left button until the time is

showing, then press the right button

once to start.

• The colon (“:”) will be ashing when

the clock is running.

• Press the right button to display the

date.

The base grid is a platform for mounting

parts and wires. It functions like the

printed circuit boards used in most

electronic products, or like how the walls

are used for mounting the electrical

wiring in your home.

The blue snap wires are wires used

to connect components. They are

used to transport electricity and do not

affect circuit performance. They come

in different lengths to allow orderly

arrangement of connections on the base

grid.

The red & black jumper wires make

exible connections for times when using

the snap wires would be difcult. They’re

also used to make connections off the

base grid (like the projects using water).

Wires transport electricity just like

pipes are used to transport water. The

colorful plastic coating protects them and

prevents electricity from getting in or out.

The battery (B4) contains a

rechargeable battery and some

supporting parts. This battery produces

an electrical voltage using a reversible

chemical reaction. This “voltage” can be

thought of as electrical pressure, pushing

electricity through a circuit just like a

pump pushes water through pipes. This

voltage is much lower and much safer

than that used in your house wiring.

Using more batteries increases the

“pressure” and so more electricity ows.

The solar cell (B7) contains positively

and negatively charged silicon crystals,

arranged in layers that cancel each other

out. When sunlight shines on it, charged

particles in the light unbalance the silicon

layers and produce an electrical voltage

of up to 7V. The maximum current

depends on the type of light and its

brightness, but will be much less than

a battery can produce. Bright sunlight

works best, but incandescent light bulbs

also work.

Most sodas and fruit juices are lightly

acidic. The acid is similar to the material

used in some types of batteries but not

nearly as strong. The acid will react with

the copper and zinc electrodes to make

an electric current, like a battery. Each of

the four compartments in the liquid holder

produces about 0.7V, but the current is

very low and may not last long.

About Your Snap Circuits®Green Parts

(Part designs are subject to change without notice).

BASE GRID

SNAP WIRES & JUMPER WIRES

BATTERY

SOLAR CELL

LIQUID HOLDER & ELECTRODES

Solar Cell (B7)

Battery (B4)

Liquid

Holder

Electrodes

The meter (M6) is an important

measuring device. You will use it to

measure the voltage (electrical pressure)

and current (how fast electricity is

owing) in a circuit.

The meter measures voltage when

connected in parallel to a circuit and

measures the current when connected in

series in a circuit.

This meter has one voltage scale (5V)

and two current scales (0.5mA and

50mA). These use the same meter but

with internal components that scale the

measurement into the desired range.

Sometimes resistors in the pivot stand

will be used to change the 5V scale to

10V, or the 0.5mA scale to 5mA.

Inside the meter there is a xed magnet

and a movable coil around it. As current

ows through the coil, it creates a

magnetic eld. The interaction of the

two magnetic elds causes the coil

(connected to the pointer) to move

(deect).

The motor (M4) converts electricity into

mechanical motion. An electric current

through the motor will turn the shaft.

It can also be used as a generator, since

it produces an electric current when the

shaft is turned.

How does electricity turn the shaft in

the motor? The answer is magnetism.

Electricity is closely related to magnetism

& an electric current owing in a wire

has a magnetic eld similar to that of a

very, very tiny magnet. Inside the motor

is a coil of wire with many loops. If a

large electric current ows through the

loops, the magnetic effects become

concentrated enough to move the coil.

The motor has a magnet inside, so as the

electricity moves the coil to align it with

the permanent magnet, the shaft spins.

When used as a generator, wind or water

turns the shaft. A coil of wire is on the

shaft, and as it spins past the permanent

magnet an electric current is created in

the wire.

About Your Snap Circuits®Green Parts

METER

MOTOR

Meter Symbol

Motor Symbol

Magnet

Electromagnet

Shaft

Power Contacts

Shell

Meter (M6)

Motor (M4)

Wind Fan Water Wheel

Magnet

Coil

Pointer

Contacts

The geared motor (GM) is a motor with a

gearbox attached. The crank arm may be

attached to it so it can be turned by hand. The

gearbox spins the motor shaft faster but with

less force than when turning the crank arm.

The press switch (S2) connects (pressed,

“ON”) or disconnects (not pressed, “OFF”) the

wires in a circuit. When ON it has no effect on

circuit performance. It turns on electricity just

like a faucet turns on water from a pipe.

The switcher (S6) is a more complex switch

used to reverse the wires to a component

or circuit. See project 18 for an example of

connections.

The color LED (D8) and red/yellow bicolor

LED (D10) are light emitting diodes, and may be

thought of as a special one-way light bulbs. In

the “forward” direction, (indicated by the “arrow”

in the symbol) electricity ows if the voltage

exceeds a turn-on threshold (about 1.5V for

red, slightly higher for yellow, about 2.0V for

green, and about 3.0V for blue); brightness then

increases. The color LED contains red, green,

and blue LEDs, with a micro-circuit controlling

then. The red/yellow bicolor LED contains

red & yellow LEDs in connected in opposite

directions. A high current will burn out an

LED, so the current must be limited by other

components in the circuit (though your Snap

Circuits®LEDs have internal resistors to protect

against incorrect wiring). LEDs block electricity

in the “reverse” direction.

The 470μF capacitor (C5) can store electrical

pressure (voltage) for periods of time. This

storage ability allows it to block stable voltage

signals and pass changing ones. Capacitors are

used for ltering and delay circuits.

The melody IC (U32) contains a specialized

sound-generation integrated circuit (IC), a small

speaker, and a few supporting components.

The IC has a recording of the melody, which it

makes into an electrical signal for the speaker.

The speaker converts the signal into mechanical

vibrations. The vibrations create variations in

air pressure, which travel across the room.

You “hear” sound when your ears feel these air

pressure variations.

The clock (T2) contains a small crystal. When

a crystal is struck by an electronic pulse, it

vibrates. A microelectronic circuit makes the

pulse and measures the vibration rate. The

vibration rate is used as a time standard,

from which minutes, hours, and the date are

calculated.

The pivot stand contains two resistors, 47Ωand

10KΩ. Resistors “resist” the ow of electricity

and are used to control or limit the electricity

in a circuit. Materials like metal have very low

resistance (<1Ω), while materials like paper,

plastic, and air have near-innite resistance.

Increasing circuit resistance reduces the ow of

electricity.

About Your Snap Circuits®Green Parts

Press Switch (S2)

Clock (T2)

Capacitor (C5)

Geared Motor

& Crank Arm

GEARED MOTOR

SWITCHES

CAPACITOR

RED & YELLOW LEDs OTHER PARTS

Pivot Stand

LEDs (D8 & D10)

Switcher (S6)

Its symbol & connections

look like this:

Melody IC (U32)

What is electricity? Nobody really knows. We only know how

to produce it, understand its properties, and how to control it.

Electricity is the movement of sub-atomic charged particles (called

electrons) through a material due to electrical pressure across the

material, such as from a battery.

Power sources, such as batteries, push electricity through a circuit,

like a pump pushes water through pipes. Wires carry electricity,

like pipes carry water. Devices like LEDs, motors, and speakers

use the energy in electricity to do things. Switches and transistors

control the ow of electricity like valves and faucets control water.

Resistors limit the ow of electricity.

The electrical pressure exerted by a battery or other power source

is called voltage and is measured in volts (V). Notice the “+” and

“–” signs on the battery; these indicate which direction the battery

will “pump” the electricity.

The electric current is a measure of how fast electricity is owing

in a wire, just as the water current describes how fast water is

owing in a pipe. It is expressed in amperes (A) or milliamps

(mA, 1/1000 of an ampere).

The “power” of electricity is a measure of how fast energy is

moving through a wire. It is a combination of the voltage and

current (Power = Voltage x Current). It is expressed in watts (W).

The resistance of a component or circuit represents how much

it resists the electrical pressure (voltage) and limits the ow of

electric current. The relationship is Voltage = Current x Resistance.

When the resistance increases, less current ows. Resistance is

measured in ohms (Ω), or kilo ohms (kΩ, 1000 ohms).

Nearly all of the electricity used in our world is produced at

enormous generators driven by steam or water pressure. Wires

are used to efciently transport this energy to homes and

businesses where it is used. Motors convert the electricity back

into mechanical form to drive machinery and appliances. The most

important aspect of electricity in our society is that it allows energy

to be easily transported over distances.

Note that “distances” includes not just large distances but also

tiny distances. Try to imagine a plumbing structure of the same

complexity as the circuitry inside a portable radio - it would have to

be large because we can’t make water pipes so small. Electricity

allows complex designs to be made very small.

There are two ways of arranging parts in a circuit, in series or in

parallel. Here are examples:

Placing components in series increases the resistance; highest

value dominates. Placing components in parallel decreases the

resistance; lowest value dominates.

The parts within these series and parallel sub-circuits may be

arranged in different ways without changing what the circuit does.

Large circuits are made of combinations of smaller series and

parallel circuits.

Introduction to Electricity

Series Circuit

Parallel Circuit

After building the circuits given in this booklet, you may wish to

experiment on your own. Use the projects in this booklet as a guide, as

many important design concepts are introduced throughout them. Every

circuit will include a power source (like a battery), a resistance (which

might be a light, motor, sound module, etc.), and wiring paths between

them and back. You must be careful not to create “short circuits” (very

low-resistance paths across a power source, see examples below)

as this will damage components and/or quickly drain your battery.

ELENCO®Electronics is not responsible for parts damaged due to

incorrect wiring.

For all of the projects given in this book, the parts may be arranged in

different ways without changing the circuit. For example, the order of

parts connected in series or in parallel does not matter — what matters

is how combinations of these sub-circuits are arranged together.

You are encouraged to tell us about new circuits you create. If they

are unique, we will post them with your name and state on our

website at www.elenco.com/for-makers. Send your suggestions to

Elenco Electronics: [email protected].

Elenco®provides a circuit designer so that you can make your own

Snap Circuits®drawings. This Microsoft®Word document can be

downloaded from www.elenco.com/for-makers.

WARNING: SHOCK HAZARD - Never connect your Snap

Circuits®set to the electrical outlets in your home in any way!

Examples of SHORT CIRCUITS - NEVER DO THESE!!!

DO’s and DON’Ts of Building Circuits

Here are some important guidelines:

ALWAYS use eye protection when experimenting on your own.

ALWAYS include at least one component that will limit the current

through a circuit, such as an LED, clock, or melody IC.

ALWAYS use the switches in conjunction with other components

that will limit the current through them. Failure to do so

will create a short circuit and/or damage those parts.

ALWAYS disconnect your batteries immediately and check your

wiring if something appears to be getting hot.

ALWAYS check your wiring before turning on a circuit.

NEVER connect to an electrical outlet in your home in any way.

NEVER touch the motor when it is spinning at high speed.

This is also a SHORT CIRCUIT.

NEVER

DO!

Placing a 3-snap wire directly across a

power source is a SHORT CIRCUIT.

NEVER

DO!

NEVER

DO!

When the switch (S2)

is turned on, this large

circuit has a SHORT

CIRCUIT path (as shown

by the arrows). The short

circuit prevents any other

portions of the circuit from

ever working.

Warning to Snap Circuits®owners: Do not connect

additional voltage sources from other sets, or you may

damage your parts. Also, do not connect the hand crank

to parts from other sets or you may damage them. Contact

ELENCO®if you have questions or need guidance.

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