Cisco 3845 - Security Bundle Router Guía de inicio rápido

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Cisco ME 3800X and 3600X Switch

Software Configuration Guide

Cisco IOS Release 12.2(52)EY

October 2010

Text Part Number: OL-23400-01

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Cisco ME 3800X and 3600X Switch Software Configuration Guide

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Cisco ME 3800X and 3600X Switch Software Configuration Guide

OL-23400-01

CONTENTS

Preface xxxv

Audience xxxv

Purpose xxxv

Conventions xxxv

Related Publications xxxvi

Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request xxxvii

CHAPTER

1Overview 1-1

Software Licenses and Features 1-1

Features 1-2

Performance Features 1-2

Management Options 1-3

Manageability Features 1-3

Availability Features 1-5

VLAN Features 1-5

Security Features 1-6

Switch Security 1-6

Network Security 1-6

Quality of Service and Class of Service Features 1-7

Layer 2 Virtual Private Network Services 1-7

Layer 3 Features 1-8

Layer 3 VPN Services 1-8

Monitoring Features 1-9

Feature Support per License 1-9

Where to Go Next 1-11

CHAPTER

2Using the Command-Line Interface 2-1

Understanding Command Modes 2-1

Understanding the Help System 2-3

Understanding Abbreviated Commands 2-3

Understanding no and default Forms of Commands 2-4

Understanding CLI Error Messages 2-4

Using Command History 2-4

Contents

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Changing the Command History Buffer Size 2-5

Recalling Commands 2-5

Disabling the Command History Feature 2-5

Using Editing Features 2-6

Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 2-6

Editing Commands through Keystrokes 2-6

Editing Command Lines that Wrap 2-8

Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands 2-8

Accessing the CLI 2-9

Accessing the CLI through a Console Connection or through Telnet 2-9

CHAPTER

3Assigning the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway 3-1

Understanding the Boot Process 3-1

Initial Configuration 3-2

Assigning Switch Information 3-3

Default Switch Information 3-3

Understanding DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration 3-4

DHCP Client Request Process 3-4

Understanding DHCP-based Autoconfiguration and Image Update 3-5

DHCP Autoconfiguration 3-5

DHCP Auto-Image Update 3-5

Limitations and Restrictions 3-6

Configuring DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration 3-6

DHCP Server Configuration Guidelines 3-7

Configuring the TFTP Server 3-7

Configuring the DNS 3-8

Configuring the Relay Device 3-8

Obtaining Configuration Files 3-9

Example Configuration 3-10

Configuring the DHCP Auto Configuration and Image Update Features 3-11

Configuring DHCP Autoconfiguration (Only Configuration File) 3-12

Configuring DHCP Auto-Image Update (Configuration File and Image) 3-13

Configuring the Client 3-14

Manually Assigning IP Information 3-15

Checking and Saving the Running Configuration 3-16

Modifying the Startup Configuration 3-17

Default Boot Configuration 3-18

Automatically Downloading a Configuration File 3-18

Specifying the Filename to Read and Write the System Configuration 3-18

Contents

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Booting Manually 3-19

Booting a Specific Software Image 3-19

Controlling Environment Variables 3-20

Scheduling a Reload of the Software Image 3-21

Configuring a Scheduled Reload 3-22

Displaying Scheduled Reload Information 3-23

CHAPTER

4Configuring Cisco IOS Configuration Engine 4-1

Understanding Cisco Configuration Engine Software 4-1

Configuration Service 4-2

Event Service 4-3

NameSpace Mapper 4-3

What You Should Know About the CNS IDs and Device Hostnames 4-3

ConfigID 4-3

DeviceID 4-4

Hostname and DeviceID 4-4

Using Hostname, DeviceID, and ConfigID 4-4

Understanding Cisco IOS Agents 4-5

Initial Configuration 4-5

Incremental (Partial) Configuration 4-6

Synchronized Configuration 4-6

Configuring Cisco IOS Agents 4-6

Enabling Automated CNS Configuration 4-6

Enabling the CNS Event Agent 4-7

Enabling the Cisco IOS CNS Agent 4-8

Enabling an Initial Configuration 4-9

Enabling a Partial Configuration 4-12

Upgrading Devices with Cisco IOS Image Agent 4-13

Prerequisites for the CNS Image Agent 4-13

Restrictions for the CNS Image Agent 4-13

Displaying CNS Configuration 4-14

CHAPTER

5Administering the Switch 5-1

Managing the System Time and Date 5-1

Understanding the System Clock 5-1

Understanding Network Time Protocol 5-2

Configuring NTP 5-3

Default NTP Configuration 5-4

Configuring NTP Authentication 5-4

Contents

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Configuring NTP Associations 5-5

Configuring NTP Broadcast Service 5-6

Configuring NTP Access Restrictions 5-8

Configuring the Source IP Address for NTP Packets 5-10

Displaying the NTP Configuration 5-11

Configuring Time and Date Manually 5-11

Setting the System Clock 5-11

Displaying the Time and Date Configuration 5-12

Configuring the Time Zone 5-12

Configuring Summer Time (Daylight Saving Time) 5-13

Configuring a System Name and Prompt 5-14

Default System Name and Prompt Configuration 5-15

Configuring a System Name 5-15

Understanding DNS 5-15

Default DNS Configuration 5-16

Setting Up DNS 5-16

Displaying the DNS Configuration 5-17

Creating a Banner 5-17

Default Banner Configuration 5-17

Configuring a Message-of-the-Day Login Banner 5-18

Configuring a Login Banner 5-19

Managing the MAC Address Table 5-19

Building the Address Table 5-20

MAC Addresses and VLANs 5-20

Default MAC Address Table Configuration 5-21

Changing the Address Aging Time 5-21

Removing Dynamic Address Entries 5-21

Configuring MAC Address Change Notification Traps 5-22

Configuring MAC Address Move Notification Traps 5-24

Configuring MAC Threshold Notification Traps 5-25

Adding and Removing Static Address Entries 5-26

Configuring Unicast MAC Address Filtering 5-27

Disabling MAC Address Learning on a VLAN 5-28

Displaying Address Table Entries 5-29

Managing the ARP Table 5-30

CHAPTER

6Configuring Synchronous Ethernet 6-1

Understanding SyncE 6-1

Reference Clocks 6-1

Contents

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SyncE Timing Using REP for Loop Prevention and Resiliency 6-2

BITS Interface 6-5

Configuring SyncE 6-5

Default SyncE Configuration 6-6

Configuring the Network Clock Selection 6-6

Configuring the BITS Interface 6-7

Selecting the Network Clock 6-9

Configuring REP for the SyncE Network 6-10

Monitoring SyncE 6-11

CHAPTER

7Configuring the Switch External Alarms 7-1

Understanding Switch Alarms 7-1

Configuring Switch Alarms 7-2

CHAPTER

8Configuring Switch-Based Authentication 8-1

Preventing Unauthorized Access to Your Switch 8-1

Protecting Access to Privileged EXEC Commands 8-2

Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration 8-2

Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password 8-3

Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption 8-3

Disabling Password Recovery 8-5

Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line 8-6

Configuring Username and Password Pairs 8-6

Configuring Multiple Privilege Levels 8-7

Setting the Privilege Level for a Command 8-8

Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines 8-9

Logging into and Exiting a Privilege Level 8-9

Controlling Switch Access with TACACS+ 8-10

Understanding TACACS+ 8-10

TACACS+ Operation 8-12

Configuring TACACS+ 8-12

Default TACACS+ Configuration 8-13

Identifying the TACACS+ Server Host and Setting the Authentication Key 8-13

Configuring TACACS+ Login Authentication 8-14

Configuring TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services 8-16

Starting TACACS+ Accounting 8-16

Displaying the TACACS+ Configuration 8-17

Controlling Switch Access with RADIUS 8-17

Understanding RADIUS 8-17

Contents

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Cisco ME 3800X and 3600X Switch Software Configuration Guide OL-23400-01

RADIUS Operation 8-19

Configuring RADIUS 8-19

Default RADIUS Configuration 8-20

Identifying the RADIUS Server Host 8-20

Configuring RADIUS Login Authentication 8-22

Defining AAA Server Groups 8-24

Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services 8-26

Starting RADIUS Accounting 8-27

Configuring Settings for All RADIUS Servers 8-28

Configuring the Switch to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes 8-28

Configuring the Switch for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication 8-29

Configuring RADIUS Server Load Balancing 8-30

Displaying the RADIUS Configuration 8-30

Controlling Switch Access with Kerberos 8-31

Understanding Kerberos 8-31

Kerberos Operation 8-33

Authenticating to a Boundary Switch 8-33

Obtaining a TGT from a KDC 8-34

Authenticating to Network Services 8-34

Configuring Kerberos 8-34

Configuring the Switch for Local Authentication and Authorization 8-35

Configuring the Switch for Secure Shell 8-36

Understanding SSH 8-36

SSH Servers, Integrated Clients, and Supported Versions 8-36

Limitations 8-37

Configuring SSH 8-37

Configuration Guidelines 8-37

Setting Up the Switch to Run SSH 8-37

Configuring the SSH Server 8-38

Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status 8-39

Configuring the Switch for Secure Copy Protocol 8-39

Information About Secure Copy 8-40

CHAPTER

9Configuring Interfaces 9-1

Understanding Interface Types 9-1

NNI Port Type 9-2

Port-Based VLANs 9-2

Switch Ports 9-2

Access Ports 9-3

Contents

Cisco ME 3800X and 3600X Switch Software Configuration Guide

OL-23400-01

Trunk Ports 9-3

Routed Ports 9-3

Ethernet Management Port 9-4

Switch Virtual Interfaces 9-4

EtherChannel Port Groups 9-4

Ethernet Flow Points 9-5

Connecting Interfaces 9-5

Using Interface Configuration Mode 9-6

Procedures for Configuring Interfaces 9-6

Configuring a Range of Interfaces 9-7

Configuring and Using Interface Range Macros 9-8

Using the Ethernet Management Port 9-10

Understanding the Ethernet Management Port 9-10

Supported Features on the Ethernet Management Port 9-12

Configuring the Ethernet Management Port 9-12

TFTP and the Ethernet Management Port 9-12

Configuring Ethernet Interfaces 9-13

Default Ethernet Interface Configuration 9-13

Configuring Interface Speed and Duplex Mode 9-14

Speed and Duplex Configuration Guidelines 9-14

Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters 9-15

Configuring IEEE 802.3x Flow Control 9-17

Configuring Auto-MDIX on an Interface 9-18

Adding a Description for an Interface 9-19

Configuring Layer 3 Interfaces 9-19

Configuring the Interface MTU 9-21

Monitoring and Maintaining the Interfaces 9-21

Monitoring Interface Status 9-21

Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters 9-23

Shutting Down and Restarting the Interface 9-23

CHAPTER

10 Configuring VLANs 10-1

Understanding VLANs 10-1

Supported VLANs 10-3

Normal-Range VLANs 10-3

Extended-Range VLANs 10-4

VLAN Port Membership Modes 10-4

UNI VLANs 10-4

Creating and Modifying VLANs 10-5

Contents

Cisco ME 3800X and 3600X Switch Software Configuration Guide OL-23400-01

Default Ethernet VLAN Configuration 10-5

VLAN Configuration Guidelines 10-6

Creating or Modifying an Ethernet VLAN 10-7

Assigning Static-Access Ports to a VLAN 10-8

Displaying VLANs 10-9

Configuring VLAN Trunks 10-9

Trunking Overview 10-9

IEEE 802.1Q Configuration Considerations 10-10

Default Layer 2 Ethernet Interface VLAN Configuration 10-10

Configuring an Ethernet Interface as a Trunk Port 10-11

Interaction with EtherChannels 10-11

Configuring a Trunk Port 10-11

Defining the Allowed VLANs on a Trunk 10-12

Configuring the Native VLAN for Untagged Traffic 10-13

Configuring Trunk Ports for Load Sharing 10-14

Load Sharing Using STP Port Priorities 10-14

Load Sharing Using STP Path Cost 10-15

CHAPTER

11 Configuring Ethernet Virtual Connections (EVCs) 11-1

Supported EVC Features 11-2

Understanding EVC Features 11-3

Ethernet Virtual Connections 11-3

Service Instances and EFPs 11-3

Encapsulation 11-4

Bridge Domains 11-6

Split-Horizon 11-6

Rewrite Operations 11-7

Configuring EFPs 11-8

Default EVC Configuration 11-8

Configuration Guidelines 11-8

Creating Service Instances 11-9

Configuration Examples 11-10

Configuring a Service Instance 11-10

Encapsulation Using a VLAN Range 11-10

Two Service Instances Joining the Same Bridge Domain 11-10

Bridge Domains and VLAN Encapsulation 11-11

Rewrite 11-11

Split Horizon 11-11

Hairpinning 11-12

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