Campbell SP-LITE Manual de usuario

SP-LITE Silicon Pyranomete

Revision: 7/04

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance

The SP-LITE SILICON PYRANOMETER is warranted by CAMPBELL

SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship

under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment

unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. CAMPBELL

SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or

replacing (at CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective products.

The customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping

defective products to CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. CAMPBELL

SCIENTIFIC, INC. will return such products by surface carrier prepaid. This

warranty shall not apply to any CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. products

which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of

nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,

expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a

particular purpose. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. is not liable for special,

indirect, incidental, or consequential damages.

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following

contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries

served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle

repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit

www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company

serves your country. To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA),

contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 753-2342. After an

applications engineer determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number

will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping

container. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC's shipping address is:

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

RMA#_____

815 West 1800 North

Logan, Utah 84321-1784

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. does not accept collect calls.

SP-LITE Table of Contents

PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use

the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. General Description.....................................................1

1.1 Electrical Properties..................................................................................1

1.2 Spectral Properties....................................................................................2

1.3 Directional/Cosine Response....................................................................3

2. Sensor Specifications.................................................4

3. Installing the SP-LITE..................................................5

4. Wiring............................................................................7

5. Datalogger Programming............................................7

5.1 Datalogger Input Range Codes.................................................................8

5.2 Calibration Factor and Multiplier.............................................................8

5.3 Program Example 1, Average Solar Radiation.........................................8

5.4 Program Example 2, Total Solar Radiation............................................10

5.4.1 Output Format Considerations......................................................10

5.5 Program Example 3, Average and Total Solar Radiation.......................12

6. Maintenance...............................................................13

6.1 Calibration..............................................................................................13

7. Troubleshooting ........................................................13

7.1 Pyranometer produces no apparent output..............................................13

7.2 Readings are not as expected..................................................................13

Figures

1. SP-LITE Sensor without Leveling Fixture.................................................1

2. SP-LITE Electrical Circuit..........................................................................2

3. Spectral Sensitivity of Pyranometers Compared with Solar Radiation ......2

4. Cosine Response of a Typical SP-LITE Pyranometer................................3

5. Dimensions of SP-LITE with Leveling Device..........................................4

6. 015ARM Mounting Arm............................................................................5

7. 025STAND and 019ALU Crossarm...........................................................6

8. SP-LITE to Datalogger Connections..........................................................7

SP-LITE Table of Contents

Tables

1. Datalogger Connections for Differential Measurement............................. 7

2. Datalogger Connections for Single-Ended Measurement.......................... 7

3. Multipliers Required for Flux Density and Total Fluxes........................... 8

SP-LITE Silicon Pyranometer

The SP-LITE measures incoming solar radiation (sun plus sky radiation) with a photodiode

detector. Output from the photodiode is a current, which is converted to voltage by an

internal shunt resistor. The SP-LITE can be used in solar energy applications such as

plant growth, thermal convection and evapotranspiration.

1. General Description

FIGURE 1. SP-LITE Sensor without Leveling Fixture

The SP-LITE is used for measuring solar radiation. It measures the solar

energy received from the entire hemisphere – i.e. 180° field of view. The

output is expressed in Watts per square meter (W m-2).

The SP-LITE is designed for continuous outside use, and its calibration is valid

only for unshaded natural daylight – not for artificial light. It is most usually

used to measure solar radiation being received on the horizontal plane.

However, the SP-LITE can, if required, be used in an inverted or tilted

position.

1.1 Electrical Properties

The SP-LITE consists of a photodiode complete with housing and cable. The

circuit includes a shunt resistor for the photodiode in order to generate a

voltage output. The electrical specification of the sensor is determined by the

characteristics of the photodiode and resistor. The electrical circuit of the

pyranometer is shown in Figure 2, below.

The electrical sensitivity of the photodiode changes with temperature. A

nominal value for this change is 0.2% change per °C. Calibration is carried out

at 20 °C.

SP-LITE Silicon Pyranometer

FIGURE 2. SP-LITE Electrical Circuit

1.2 Spectral Properties

The spectral properties of the SP-LITE are mainly determined by the spectral

response of the photodiode, which is shown in Figure 3, below.

FIGURE 3. Spectral Sensitivity of Pyranometers Compared with Solar

Radiation

The SP-LITE is calibrated for solar radiation under clear sky conditions. The

spectrum for these conditions, at sea level, is also shown in Figure 3.

Unfortunately, however, the actual solar spectrum varies as a function of cloud

cover, season and solar elevation. Since the pyranometer does not have a flat

sensitivity across the whole solar spectrum, the accuracy of its response will

vary. However, the error range across the whole spectrum has been proven to

be small. The maximum total estimated error will only be in the region of ±5

percent when compared to the calibration conditions.

SP-LITE Silicon Pyranometer

Both the spectral sensitivity and the photodiode sensitivity of the SP-LITE will

change with temperature, and the separate effect of each of these changes

cannot be easily determined.

1.3 Directional/Cosine Response

A perfect cosine response will show maximum sensitivity at an angle of

incidence of zero degrees (perpendicular to the sensor surface) and zero

sensitivity at an angle of incidence of 90 degrees (radiation passing over the

sensor surface). At any angle between 0 and 90 degrees the sensitivity should

be proportional to the cosine of the angle of incidence.

Figure 4 shows the behavior of a typical SP-LITE. The vertical axis shows the

deviation from ideal behavior, expressed in percentage deviation from the ideal

value.

FIGURE 4. Cosine Response of a Typical SP-LITE Pyranometer

In Figure 4, 0 degrees zenith angle equals 90 degrees angle of incidence. The

vertical axis shows the percentage deviation from ideal cosine behavior.

SP-LITE Silicon Pyranometer

2. Sensor Specifications

Electrical

Nominal Impedance: <50 Ω

Response Time: <1 second

Sensitivity: 10 µV/(W m-2)

Expected signal range: 0 – 15 mV

(under atmospheric conditions)

Stability: <±2% per year

Non-linearity: <±1% up to 1000 W m-2

Temperature dependence

of sensitivity: <±0.15% /°C

Spectral

Spectral range: 400 to 1100 nm

Detector type: BPW 34

Directional

Cosine corrected between

80° angle of incidence, error: within ±10%

Cosine errors averaged over opposite

azimuth error (at 60° angle of incidence): within ±10%

Tilt response: zero error

Mechanical

Housing material: Anodized aluminum

Cable material: Polyurethane

Weight: 110 g

Cable length: 5 m (can be extended up to 100 m)

Physical Dimensions: See Figure 5

Environmental

Working temperature: -30 to +70°C

Dimensions

∅80

FIGURE 5. Dimensions of SP-LITE with Leveling Device

SP-LITE Silicon Pyranometer

3. Installing the SP-LITE

The SP-LITE and PN 14282 base/leveling fixture are attached to a tripod or

tower using one of two mounting configurations (see Figures 6 - 7).

Mount the sensor on the mounting arm so that no shadow will be cast on it at

any time of day, at any time of year, from obstructions such as trees, buildings

or the mast or structure on which it is mounted. In the northern hemisphere the

instrument is normally oriented towards the South to avoid potential problems

from shading.

The SP-LITE will only perform to specification under clear-sky

conditions. It must not be mounted where it is subject to shade,

beneath structures or beneath a plant canopy.

FIGURE 6. 015ARM Mounting Arm

NOTE

SP-LITE

PN 14282

015STAND

SP-LITE Silicon Pyranometer

FIGURE 7. 025STAND and 019ALU Crossarm

Mount the sensor on the mounting arm at a height of at least 1.5 m above the

ground surface to minimize shading effects. PN 14282 mounting bracket has a

built-in bubble level that is used to mount the SP-LITE to the 025STAND or

015ARM. Mount and adjust the SP-LITE as follows:

1. Attach the mounting arm to the tripod or tower at the required height.

2. Loosely attach the 14282 Kipp & Zonen Base and Leveling fixture to the

mounting arm using the three mounting screws provided with the

mounting arm (025STAND or 015ARM).

3. Level the 14282 by adjusting the three outside leveling screws as required

to center the bubble in the level. Tighten the three mounting screws.

4. Attach the SP-LITE to the 14282 using the two screws provided.

SP-LITE

025STAND

019ALU Crossarm

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