Brymen BM157 Manual de usuario

USER'S MANUAL

BM157 & BM357

3-Phase PowerClampTM

1) SAFETY

This manual contains information and warnings that must be followed for operating the

instrument safely and maintaining the instrument in a safe operating condition. If the

instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection

provided by the instrument may be impaired.

The meter protection rating, against the users, is double insulation per IEC61010-1 2nd

Ed., EN61010-1 2nd Ed., UL61010-1 2nd Ed., CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61010.1-0.92,

IEC61010-2-032, EN61010-2-032 & UL61010B-2-032:

Category CAT III 600V AC & DC.

PER IEC61010 OVERVOLTAGE INSTALLATION CATEGORY

OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II

Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II is energy-consuming equipment to be

supplied from the fixed installation.

Note – Examples include household, office, and laboratory appliances.

OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY III

Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY III is equipment in fixed installations.

Note – Examples include switches in the fixed installation and some equipment for

industrial use with permanent connection to the fixed installation.

OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY IV

Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY IV is for use at the origin of the installation.

Note – Examples include electricity meters and primary over-current protection

equipment.

TERMS IN THIS MANUAL

WARNING identifies conditions and actions that could result in serious injury or even

death to the user.

CAUTION identifies conditions and actions that could cause damage or malfunction

in the instrument.

WARNING

To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this product to rain or

moisture. The meter is intended only for indoor use.

To avoid electrical shock hazard, observe the proper safety precautions when working

with voltages above 60 VDC or 30 VAC rms. These voltage levels pose a potential

shock hazard to the user.

Keep your hands/fingers behind the hand/finger barriers (of the meter and the test

leads) that indicate the limits of safe access of the hand-held part during measurement.

Inspect test leads, connectors, and probes for damaged insulation or exposed metal

before using the instrument. If any defects are found, replace them immediately.

This Clamp-on meter is designed to apply around or remove from uninsulated

hazardous live conductors. But still, individual protective equipment must be used if

hazardous live parts in the installation where measurement is to be carried out could be

accessible.

CAUTION

Disconnect the test leads from the test points before changing meter functions.

INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS

Caution ! Refer to the explanation in this Manual

Caution ! Risk of electric shock

Earth (Ground)

Double Insulation or Reinforced insulation

Fuse

AC--Alternating Current

DC--Direct Current

Application around and removal from hazardous live conductors is permitted

2) CENELEC Directives

The instruments conform to CENELEC Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC and

Electromagnetic compatibility directive 2004/108/EC

3) PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Note: Top of the line model is used as representative for illustration purposes. Please

refer to your respective model for function availability.

1) Transformer Clamp Jaws for AC

current magnetic field pick up

2) Jaw marking lines for ACA (& thus

Power) position error indication

3) Hand/Finger Barrier to indicate the

limits of safe access to the jaws during

current measurements

4) Push-buttons for special functions &

features

5) Input Jack for all functions EXCEPT

non-invasive ACA current (& thus

Power) function

6) Common (Ground reference) Input

Jack for all functions EXCEPT

non-invasive ACA current (& thus

Power) function

7) Slide-switch Selector to turn the

power ON/OFF and Select a function

8) LCD display

9) Jaw trigger for opening the

transformer clamp jaws

10) Jaw center Indicators, at where

best ACA (& thus Power) accuracy is

specified

4) OPERATION

CAUTION

Before and after hazardous voltage measurements, test the voltage function on a

known source such as line voltage to determine proper meter functioning.

AutoVATM function

Set the slide-switch function-selector to the position.

●With no input, the meter displays “ ” when it is ready.

●With no ACA current input via the jaws but a voltage signal above the nominal

threshold of DC 2.4V or AC 30V (40Hz ~ 500Hz) up to the rated 600V is present on

V-COM terminals, the meter displays the voltage value in appropriate DC or AC,

whichever larger in peak magnitude. Annunciators “Auto” “dc” and “Auto” “ ” turn on

respectively.

●On the contrary, with no voltage signal present on V-COM terminals but a ACA

current signal above the nominal threshold of AC 1A (40Hz ~ 500Hz) up to the rated

1000A is input via the jaws, the meter displays the ACA current value. Annunciators

“ ” and “Auto” turn on accordingly.

●The Auto-VA feature stays at the auto-selected function as long as its signal remains

above the specified threshold. Press SELECT button momentarily to manually select

and lock (annunciator “Auto” turns off) thru the functions ACA, ACV, DCV and then goes

back to Auto-VA.

CAUTION (Application and removal of the Clamp-on meter)

●For non-invasive ACA current measurements, press the jaw trigger and clamp the

jaws around only one single conductor of a circuit for load current measurement. Make

sure the jaws are completely closed, or else it will introduce measurement errors.

Enclosing more than one conductor of a circuit will result in differential current (like

identifying leakage current) measurement. Locate the conductor(s) at the Jaws center

as much as possible to get the best measuring accuracy. For removal, press the jaw

trigger and remove the jaws from the conductor(s).

●Adjacent current-carrying devices such as transformers, motors and conductor wires

will affect measurement accuracy. Keep the jaws away from them as much as possible

to minimize influence.

THD%-F Total Harmonic Distortion - Fundamental function (model 157 only)

Total Harmonic Distortion - Fundamental (THD%-F) function is designed to give basic

indication on the presence of Harmonics. It is the percentage ratio of the Total

Harmonics RMS value to the Fundamental RMS value of a voltage or current signal,

and is given by the expression:

THD%-F = (Total Harmonics RMS / Fundamental RMS) x 100%

An ideal sinusoidal waveform has a theoretical value of 0 THD%. A badly distorted

sinusoidal waveform may have a much higher THD% value of even up to several

hundreds. It is thus a good parameter to identify the degree of “cleanness” on power

systems.

When the meter is in ACV or ACA function, THD%-F values will be displayed in the

secondary mini display automatically. Press THD%-F button momentarily toggles

THD% readings to main display.

Peak-rms mode

Peak-rms compares and displays the maximum RMS value of surge voltage or

current with durations as short as 65ms. When ACV or ACA function is auto-selected or

manual-selected, press and hold Peak-rms button for one second or more toggles to

this mode. The annunciators “P-” “Max” turn on. APO (Auto Power Off) feature is

disabled automatically accordingly.

In ACA function, the Peak-rms mode starts at the highest 1000A (600A for model 357)

range to maximize measuring dynamic range. Before making measurement, press the

Peak-rms button momentarily again can manually select thru lower measuring

dynamic range 400.0A or 40.00A for higher measuring resolutions.

Line-level Frequency (Hz) function

When ACV or ACA function is auto-selected or manual-selected, press Hz button

momentarily toggles to Line-level Frequency (Hz) function. The Hz trigger level is

determined by the selected function-range from where the Hz function is activated.

In ACA function, activating the Hz function during significant measurements can get the

most appropriate trigger level to avoid electrical noises in most cases. Activating the Hz

function at AC 40.00A range (before making significant measurements) can get the

lowest trigger level (highest sensitivity).

HOLD mode

When any function is auto-selected or manual-selected, press HOLD button

momentarily toggles to Hold mode. The annunciator “ ” turns on. Hold mode freezes

the display for later viewing.

Notes on Displacement Power Factor & Total Power Factor

●Introduction: Power is the rate of change of energy with respect to time (in terms of

voltage V and current A). Instantaneous (real) power w = vi where v is the

instantaneous voltage and i the instantaneous current. The average (real) power is the

mean of vi and is given by:

W = ω/2π∫vi dt , over the interval from 0 to 2π/ω

●Displacement Power Factor (more traditional): Assuming V and A are pure

sinusoidal waveforms without harmonics (as in most traditional cases), that is, v = V sin

ωt and i = I sin (ωt -θ), the expression can be simplified to:

W = 1/2 x V x I x Cosθ where V and I are the peak values, θ is the

displacement power factor angle, and Cosθ is the displacement power factor. Using

RMS values, it is written as:

W = Vrms x Arms x Cosθ

Practically, in such cases without harmonics, θ is also called the phase-shift angle of

the current A to the voltage V. An inductive circuit is said to have a lagging power factor

since current A lags voltage V (phase-shift angle θ and thus Sinθ are both “+”), and a

capacitive circuit is said to have a leading power factor since current A leads voltage V

(phase-shift angle θ and thus Sinθ are both “-”).

●Total Power Factor (encountering harmonics): When encountering distorted

waveforms with the presence of harmonics, however, the simplified power expression

should not be used since substituting the above mentioned pure sinusoidal V and A

functions cannot fulfill the actual conditions. Cosine of phase-shift angle (Cosθ), or the

displacement power factor, is no longer the only component constituting the overall

power factor. Harmonics do increase apparent power and thus decrease the overall

power factor. That is, the Total Power Factor is actually affected by both phase-shift

angle and harmonics, and is given by the expression:

Total Power Factor (PF) = Real Power (W) / Apparent Power (VA)

In order to improve overall system power factor, nowadays power-system engineer

needs to address both phase-shift and harmonics problems. Practically, harmonics

should be dealt with (e.g. filtering out) before phase-shift to be corrected (e.g. installing

capacitors in parallel with inductive loads).

Single-Phase Power & 3-Phase Balanced-Load Power functions

Set the slide-switch function-selector to the “3~Bal ● 1~” Power position.

●Default at last selected function.

●Press “3~Bal ● 1~” button momentarily to toggle between “Single-Phase” and

“3-Phase Balanced Load” Power functions. Annunciators “ ” and “3~” turn on

respectively.

●Press SELECT button momentarily selects between W (real power), VAR (reactive

power), VA (apparent power) & kWHr (real-time readings or stored result) functions. In

W (real power), VAR (reactive power), or VA (apparent power) function:

1. PF (Total Power Factor) is displayed automatically in the secondary mini display.

2. Annunciator “A-lags-V” turns on to indicate an inductive circuit is being measured.

That is, the Current waveform is lagging the Voltage waveform, and the phase-shift

angle θ is “+”.

3. On the contrary, together with significant PF values, WITHOUT “A-lags-V” being

turned on indicates that a capacitive circuit is being measured. That is, the Current

waveform is leading the Voltage waveform, and the phase-shift angle θ is “-”.

Note:

1. Under proper measurement setups for load circuits, the W (real power) readings are

always positive. Negative W readings indicate reversed clamp-on jaws direction or test

leads polarities, or even incorrect voltage lines are being measured as in 3-phase

measurement setups. Correct them for proper “A-lags-V” indications.

2. When encountering largely distorted waveforms, “A-lags-V” detection might be

affected due to the influence of harmonics. It is recommended to manage (e.g. filter out)

harmonics problems before measuring/dealing with phase-shift problems.

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